Genetic effects on beef tenderness in Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle
Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle. Co...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of animal science 1997-07, Vol.75 (7), p.1822-1830 |
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| creator | O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.) Tatum, J.D Wulf, D.M Green, R.D Smith, G.C |
| description | Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle. Comparisons among 3/8 Bos indicus breeds (Braford, Red Brangus, Simbrah) revealed significant differences in marbling and 24-h calpastatin activity, but not in tenderness. Compared with Bos taurus cattle, 3/8 Bos indicus cattle had similar marbling scores but higher 24-h calpastatin activities. Also, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus composites aged more slowly from 1 to 7 d and was less tender at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 d postmortem than beef from Bos taurus cattle. However, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was relatively tender if it was aged for a sufficient period of time (21 d). The delayed response to aging and greater toughness of beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was associated with Brahman breed effects and was not related to the Bos taurus germplasm source. Marbling was moderately heritable (.52 +/- .21) but exhibited positive genetic correlations with shear force at d 1 through 14 of aging, suggesting that, in these cattle, selection for increased marbling would have an unfavorable effect on beef tenderness. A low heritability estimate for 24-h calpastatin activity (.15 +/- .15), coupled with low genetic correlations between calpastatin activity and shear force at 7, 14, and 35 d, suggested that selection for low calpastatin activity would have little effect on aged beef tenderness. Panel tenderness and shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d were moderately heritable (.27 to .47), indicating that aged beef tenderness could be improved by direct selection (via progeny testing) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2527/1997.7571822x |
| format | Article |
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(Colorado State University, Fort Collins.) ; Tatum, J.D ; Wulf, D.M ; Green, R.D ; Smith, G.C</creator><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.) ; Tatum, J.D ; Wulf, D.M ; Green, R.D ; Smith, G.C</creatorcontrib><description>Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle. Comparisons among 3/8 Bos indicus breeds (Braford, Red Brangus, Simbrah) revealed significant differences in marbling and 24-h calpastatin activity, but not in tenderness. Compared with Bos taurus cattle, 3/8 Bos indicus cattle had similar marbling scores but higher 24-h calpastatin activities. Also, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus composites aged more slowly from 1 to 7 d and was less tender at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 d postmortem than beef from Bos taurus cattle. However, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was relatively tender if it was aged for a sufficient period of time (21 d). The delayed response to aging and greater toughness of beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was associated with Brahman breed effects and was not related to the Bos taurus germplasm source. Marbling was moderately heritable (.52 +/- .21) but exhibited positive genetic correlations with shear force at d 1 through 14 of aging, suggesting that, in these cattle, selection for increased marbling would have an unfavorable effect on beef tenderness. A low heritability estimate for 24-h calpastatin activity (.15 +/- .15), coupled with low genetic correlations between calpastatin activity and shear force at 7, 14, and 35 d, suggested that selection for low calpastatin activity would have little effect on aged beef tenderness. Panel tenderness and shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d were moderately heritable (.27 to .47), indicating that aged beef tenderness could be improved by direct selection (via progeny testing)</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2527/1997.7571822x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9222838</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Savoy, IL: Am Soc Animal Sci</publisher><subject>ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA ; ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE ; ADIPOSE TISSUES ; AGING ; ANALISIS ORGANOLEPTICO ; ANALYSE ORGANOLEPTIQUE ; Animals ; BEEF ; BEEF CATTLE ; Biological and medical sciences ; BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES ; Body Composition - genetics ; Body Composition - physiology ; Bos indicus ; Bos taurus ; BOVIN ; BOVIN DE BOUCHERIE ; BREED DIFFERENCES ; Breeding ; BREEDS (ANIMALS) ; Calcium-Binding Proteins - analysis ; Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism ; CALIDAD ; CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY ; CARNE DE RES ; CATTLE ; Cattle - genetics ; Cattle - metabolism ; Cattle - physiology ; Circadian Rhythm - physiology ; Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids ; CORRELACION GENETICA ; CORRELATION GENETIQUE ; CROISEMENT ; CROSSBREEDING ; CRUZAMIENTO ; Diet - veterinary ; DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS ; DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE ; ENVEJECIMIENTO ; ENZYMIC ACTIVITY ; FAT THICKNESS ; Female ; FENOTIPOS ; Food Technology - standards ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; GANADO BOVINO ; GANADO DE CARNE ; GENETIC CORRELATION ; Genetics ; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution ; GENOTIPOS ; GENOTYPE ; GENOTYPES ; HEREDABILIDAD ; HERITABILITE ; HERITABILITY ; Male ; MARBLING ; Meat ; Meat - standards ; Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS ; PHENOTYPE ; PHENOTYPES ; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION ; QUALITE ; QUALITY ; RACE (ANIMAL) ; RAZAS (ANIMALES) ; RESISTANCE MECANIQUE ; RESISTENCIA MECANICA ; SHEAR STRENGTH ; STRENGTH ; TEJIDO ADIPOSO ; TENDERNESS ; TENDRETE ; TERNURA ; Time Factors ; TISSU ADIPEUX ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Vertebrata ; VIANDE BOVINE ; VIEILLISSEMENT ; ZEBU BREEDS</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 1997-07, Vol.75 (7), p.1822-1830</ispartof><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Animal Science Jul 1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-ccb923e99debdd4d9c1381a4c0646601f78475b4c5815b17de55addfd7a5f9b63</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2711834$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9222838$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tatum, J.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wulf, D.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Green, R.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, G.C</creatorcontrib><title>Genetic effects on beef tenderness in Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle. Comparisons among 3/8 Bos indicus breeds (Braford, Red Brangus, Simbrah) revealed significant differences in marbling and 24-h calpastatin activity, but not in tenderness. Compared with Bos taurus cattle, 3/8 Bos indicus cattle had similar marbling scores but higher 24-h calpastatin activities. Also, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus composites aged more slowly from 1 to 7 d and was less tender at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 d postmortem than beef from Bos taurus cattle. However, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was relatively tender if it was aged for a sufficient period of time (21 d). The delayed response to aging and greater toughness of beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was associated with Brahman breed effects and was not related to the Bos taurus germplasm source. Marbling was moderately heritable (.52 +/- .21) but exhibited positive genetic correlations with shear force at d 1 through 14 of aging, suggesting that, in these cattle, selection for increased marbling would have an unfavorable effect on beef tenderness. A low heritability estimate for 24-h calpastatin activity (.15 +/- .15), coupled with low genetic correlations between calpastatin activity and shear force at 7, 14, and 35 d, suggested that selection for low calpastatin activity would have little effect on aged beef tenderness. Panel tenderness and shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d were moderately heritable (.27 to .47), indicating that aged beef tenderness could be improved by direct selection (via progeny testing)</description><subject>ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA</subject><subject>ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE</subject><subject>ADIPOSE TISSUES</subject><subject>AGING</subject><subject>ANALISIS ORGANOLEPTICO</subject><subject>ANALYSE ORGANOLEPTIQUE</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>BEEF</subject><subject>BEEF CATTLE</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES</subject><subject>Body Composition - genetics</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Bos indicus</subject><subject>Bos taurus</subject><subject>BOVIN</subject><subject>BOVIN DE BOUCHERIE</subject><subject>BREED DIFFERENCES</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>BREEDS (ANIMALS)</subject><subject>Calcium-Binding Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>CALIDAD</subject><subject>CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY</subject><subject>CARNE DE RES</subject><subject>CATTLE</subject><subject>Cattle - genetics</subject><subject>Cattle - metabolism</subject><subject>Cattle - physiology</subject><subject>Circadian Rhythm - physiology</subject><subject>Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids</subject><subject>CORRELACION GENETICA</subject><subject>CORRELATION GENETIQUE</subject><subject>CROISEMENT</subject><subject>CROSSBREEDING</subject><subject>CRUZAMIENTO</subject><subject>Diet - veterinary</subject><subject>DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS</subject><subject>DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE</subject><subject>ENVEJECIMIENTO</subject><subject>ENZYMIC ACTIVITY</subject><subject>FAT THICKNESS</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>FENOTIPOS</subject><subject>Food Technology - standards</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GANADO BOVINO</subject><subject>GANADO DE CARNE</subject><subject>GENETIC CORRELATION</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</subject><subject>GENOTIPOS</subject><subject>GENOTYPE</subject><subject>GENOTYPES</subject><subject>HEREDABILIDAD</subject><subject>HERITABILITE</subject><subject>HERITABILITY</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MARBLING</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Meat - standards</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS</subject><subject>PHENOTYPE</subject><subject>PHENOTYPES</subject><subject>PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION</subject><subject>QUALITE</subject><subject>QUALITY</subject><subject>RACE (ANIMAL)</subject><subject>RAZAS (ANIMALES)</subject><subject>RESISTANCE MECANIQUE</subject><subject>RESISTENCIA MECANICA</subject><subject>SHEAR STRENGTH</subject><subject>STRENGTH</subject><subject>TEJIDO ADIPOSO</subject><subject>TENDERNESS</subject><subject>TENDRETE</subject><subject>TERNURA</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>TISSU ADIPEUX</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>United States Department of Agriculture</subject><subject>Vertebrata</subject><subject>VIANDE BOVINE</subject><subject>VIEILLISSEMENT</subject><subject>ZEBU BREEDS</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><issn>0021-8812</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1rFTEUxYMo9VlduhQGEXdTc5PJJFlq0SoURLTrkElu2jzm45lkUP97M_ZZxY2ruzg_zjmXQ8hToGdMMPkKtJZnUkhQjH2_R3YgmGg59Pw-2VHKoFUK2EPyKOc9pcCEFifkRDPGFFc78ukCZyzRNRgCupKbZW4GxNAUnD2mGXNu4ty8Wbbjo1tz45bpsORYsLGz_6UUu6ZNsKWM-Jg8CHbM-OR4T8nVu7dfzt-3lx8vPpy_vmxdx1RpnRs046i1x8H7zmsHXIHtHO27vqcQpOqkGDonFIgBpEchrPfBSyuCHnp-Sl7e-h7S8nXFXMwUs8NxtDMuazZSA-9k3_0XhJ72wBRU8Pk_4H5Z01yfMAxqCwaSVqi9hVxack4YzCHFyaYfBqjZBjHbIOb3IJV_djRdhwn9HX1coOovjrrNzo4h2dnFfIcxCaD4X0_cxOubbzGhyZMdx2oKZm-zFKYG18A_ecEuxl6n6nX1eatEBfSK8Z_QuqdZ</recordid><startdate>19970701</startdate><enddate>19970701</enddate><creator>O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.)</creator><creator>Tatum, J.D</creator><creator>Wulf, D.M</creator><creator>Green, R.D</creator><creator>Smith, G.C</creator><general>Am Soc Animal Sci</general><general>American Society of Animal Science</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970701</creationdate><title>Genetic effects on beef tenderness in Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle</title><author>O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.) ; Tatum, J.D ; Wulf, D.M ; Green, R.D ; Smith, G.C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-ccb923e99debdd4d9c1381a4c0646601f78475b4c5815b17de55addfd7a5f9b63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA</topic><topic>ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE</topic><topic>ADIPOSE TISSUES</topic><topic>AGING</topic><topic>ANALISIS ORGANOLEPTICO</topic><topic>ANALYSE ORGANOLEPTIQUE</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>BEEF</topic><topic>BEEF CATTLE</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES</topic><topic>Body Composition - genetics</topic><topic>Body Composition - physiology</topic><topic>Bos indicus</topic><topic>Bos taurus</topic><topic>BOVIN</topic><topic>BOVIN DE BOUCHERIE</topic><topic>BREED DIFFERENCES</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>BREEDS (ANIMALS)</topic><topic>Calcium-Binding Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>CALIDAD</topic><topic>CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY</topic><topic>CARNE DE RES</topic><topic>CATTLE</topic><topic>Cattle - genetics</topic><topic>Cattle - metabolism</topic><topic>Cattle - physiology</topic><topic>Circadian Rhythm - physiology</topic><topic>Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids</topic><topic>CORRELACION GENETICA</topic><topic>CORRELATION GENETIQUE</topic><topic>CROISEMENT</topic><topic>CROSSBREEDING</topic><topic>CRUZAMIENTO</topic><topic>Diet - veterinary</topic><topic>DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS</topic><topic>DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE</topic><topic>ENVEJECIMIENTO</topic><topic>ENZYMIC ACTIVITY</topic><topic>FAT THICKNESS</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>FENOTIPOS</topic><topic>Food Technology - standards</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GANADO BOVINO</topic><topic>GANADO DE CARNE</topic><topic>GENETIC CORRELATION</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</topic><topic>GENOTIPOS</topic><topic>GENOTYPE</topic><topic>GENOTYPES</topic><topic>HEREDABILIDAD</topic><topic>HERITABILITE</topic><topic>HERITABILITY</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MARBLING</topic><topic>Meat</topic><topic>Meat - standards</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS</topic><topic>PHENOTYPE</topic><topic>PHENOTYPES</topic><topic>PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION</topic><topic>QUALITE</topic><topic>QUALITY</topic><topic>RACE (ANIMAL)</topic><topic>RAZAS (ANIMALES)</topic><topic>RESISTANCE MECANIQUE</topic><topic>RESISTENCIA MECANICA</topic><topic>SHEAR STRENGTH</topic><topic>STRENGTH</topic><topic>TEJIDO ADIPOSO</topic><topic>TENDERNESS</topic><topic>TENDRETE</topic><topic>TERNURA</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>TISSU ADIPEUX</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>United States Department of Agriculture</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><topic>VIANDE BOVINE</topic><topic>VIEILLISSEMENT</topic><topic>ZEBU BREEDS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tatum, J.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wulf, D.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Green, R.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, G.C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>O'Connor, S.F. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins.)</au><au>Tatum, J.D</au><au>Wulf, D.M</au><au>Green, R.D</au><au>Smith, G.C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genetic effects on beef tenderness in Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>1997-07-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1822</spage><epage>1830</epage><pages>1822-1830</pages><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><eissn>0021-8812</eissn><abstract>Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle, originating from diverse production environments, were used to quantify genetic variation in marbling, 24-h calpastatin activity, and beef tenderness and to identify strategies for prevention of beef tenderness problems in Bos indicus composite cattle. Comparisons among 3/8 Bos indicus breeds (Braford, Red Brangus, Simbrah) revealed significant differences in marbling and 24-h calpastatin activity, but not in tenderness. Compared with Bos taurus cattle, 3/8 Bos indicus cattle had similar marbling scores but higher 24-h calpastatin activities. Also, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus composites aged more slowly from 1 to 7 d and was less tender at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 35 d postmortem than beef from Bos taurus cattle. However, beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was relatively tender if it was aged for a sufficient period of time (21 d). The delayed response to aging and greater toughness of beef from 3/8 Bos indicus cattle was associated with Brahman breed effects and was not related to the Bos taurus germplasm source. Marbling was moderately heritable (.52 +/- .21) but exhibited positive genetic correlations with shear force at d 1 through 14 of aging, suggesting that, in these cattle, selection for increased marbling would have an unfavorable effect on beef tenderness. A low heritability estimate for 24-h calpastatin activity (.15 +/- .15), coupled with low genetic correlations between calpastatin activity and shear force at 7, 14, and 35 d, suggested that selection for low calpastatin activity would have little effect on aged beef tenderness. Panel tenderness and shear force at 7, 14, and 21 d were moderately heritable (.27 to .47), indicating that aged beef tenderness could be improved by direct selection (via progeny testing)</abstract><cop>Savoy, IL</cop><pub>Am Soc Animal Sci</pub><pmid>9222838</pmid><doi>10.2527/1997.7571822x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0021-8812 |
| ispartof | Journal of animal science, 1997-07, Vol.75 (7), p.1822-1830 |
| issn | 0021-8812 1525-3163 0021-8812 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_79134764 |
| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE ADIPOSE TISSUES AGING ANALISIS ORGANOLEPTICO ANALYSE ORGANOLEPTIQUE Animals BEEF BEEF CATTLE Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES Body Composition - genetics Body Composition - physiology Bos indicus Bos taurus BOVIN BOVIN DE BOUCHERIE BREED DIFFERENCES Breeding BREEDS (ANIMALS) Calcium-Binding Proteins - analysis Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism CALIDAD CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY CARNE DE RES CATTLE Cattle - genetics Cattle - metabolism Cattle - physiology Circadian Rhythm - physiology Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids CORRELACION GENETICA CORRELATION GENETIQUE CROISEMENT CROSSBREEDING CRUZAMIENTO Diet - veterinary DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE ENVEJECIMIENTO ENZYMIC ACTIVITY FAT THICKNESS Female FENOTIPOS Food Technology - standards Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GANADO BOVINO GANADO DE CARNE GENETIC CORRELATION Genetics Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution GENOTIPOS GENOTYPE GENOTYPES HEREDABILIDAD HERITABILITE HERITABILITY Male MARBLING Meat Meat - standards Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS PHENOTYPE PHENOTYPES PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION QUALITE QUALITY RACE (ANIMAL) RAZAS (ANIMALES) RESISTANCE MECANIQUE RESISTENCIA MECANICA SHEAR STRENGTH STRENGTH TEJIDO ADIPOSO TENDERNESS TENDRETE TERNURA Time Factors TISSU ADIPEUX United States United States Department of Agriculture Vertebrata VIANDE BOVINE VIEILLISSEMENT ZEBU BREEDS |
| title | Genetic effects on beef tenderness in Bos indicus composite and Bos taurus cattle |
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