An analysis of fitness and time-motion characteristics of handball

This study was conducted to determine some fitness parameters of two elite handball players, including the current world champion, and also to determine some of the time-motion characteristics of the game of hand ball. The VO 2 max values of the two players were found to be similar (53.1 and 55.2 ml/kg/min), while the world champion was substantially higher on the anaerobic power test and in peak ventilation scores. The results of heart rate monitoring of these players indicated that the mean game heart rate was dependent on several external factors, such as the skill level of each player, the fitness level of each player, the length of the rallies, and the player in control of the rally. The mean heart rate for the world champion was 149 beats per minute (bpm) during each game, while that for the other skilled player was 163.6 bpm, which represented 80% and 88% of maximum, respectively. The average length of each rally was 9 seconds, and the mean pause time (between rallies) was 10 seconds, producing a work- to-test ratio of approximately 1:1. The ball was found to be in play for an average of 47.3% of the total mean game time of 17 minutes. Each player was found to take approximately 350 strokes per match, with the world champion, and eventually the winner, taking a greater number of serves. Handball training should consist of interval training at an intensity of at least 80% of maximum heart rate, with a work-to-rest ratio of 1:1 and an emphasis on 10 second intervals.