Trypanosoma brucei: Frequent loss of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene
We have observed the loss of an inactive telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene that is located on a minichromosome in Trypanosoma brucei. If this is due to gene conversion, it is the third “silent” gene conversion (i.e., one that does not produce an antigenic switch) detected in 19 antig...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Experimental parasitology 1989, Vol.68 (1), p.8-16 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 16 |
---|---|
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 8 |
container_title | Experimental parasitology |
container_volume | 68 |
creator | Aline, Robert F. Myler, Peter J. Stuart, Kenneth D. |
description | We have observed the loss of an inactive telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene that is located on a minichromosome in
Trypanosoma brucei. If this is due to gene conversion, it is the third “silent” gene conversion (i.e., one that does not produce an antigenic switch) detected in 19 antigenic switches of the IsTaR 1 serodeme. This is suprisingly frequent since the immune response cannot select against the inactive gene. We estimate that 10
−1 to 10
−3 telomeric VSG gene conversions occur per generation, which is at least 100 times more frequent than antigenic switching. Since all three “silent” gene conversions involved an IsTat 5 VSG gene, the frequency may vary among telomeric VSG genes. However, the high gene conversion frequency for the 5 VSG gene does not ensure a higher antigenic switch frequency than other telomeric VSG genes for which we have probes. These results suggest that gene conversion rapidly alters the repertoire of telomeric VSG genes, possibly including those on minichromosomes, producing a continual variation in the VSG genes that are more likely to be expressed. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0014-4894(89)90003-9 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78870978</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>0014489489900039</els_id><sourcerecordid>15199839</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-5a48cb2f0262aa55731c00a408ea559a6c88b5ebd895e1e09cf34e8a1e824d8f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1r3DAQhkVJSLZp_0ELOoTSHtxqZHkt5VAIIR-FQKGkZzGWx0HFtjaSHdh_Hzm77DE9CfE-M3r1MPYJxHcQsP4hBKhCaaO-avPNCCHKwrxjKxBGFFIpc8RWB-SUvU_pX2Y0SHXCTqSBel3Civ15iNsNjiGFAXkTZ0f-gt9EepppnHgfUuKh48gn6sNA0Tv-jNFjztIcO3TEH_utC5sYJvIjf6SRPrDjDvtEH_fnGft7c_1wdVfc_779dXV5XzgF9VRUqLRrZCfkWiJWVV2CEwKV0JRvBtdO66aiptWmIiBhXFcq0gikpWp1V56xL7u9-fFcN0128MlR3-NIYU621roWptb_BaECY3RpMqh2oIv545E6u4l-wLi1IOzi3C5C7SLUamNfndtl7PN-_9wM1B6G9pJzfr7PMTnsu4ij8-mA1bKUAEvNnzuMsrRnT9Em52l01PpIbrJt8G_3eAEn_J1k</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>15199839</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Trypanosoma brucei: Frequent loss of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Aline, Robert F. ; Myler, Peter J. ; Stuart, Kenneth D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Aline, Robert F. ; Myler, Peter J. ; Stuart, Kenneth D.</creatorcontrib><description>We have observed the loss of an inactive telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene that is located on a minichromosome in
Trypanosoma brucei. If this is due to gene conversion, it is the third “silent” gene conversion (i.e., one that does not produce an antigenic switch) detected in 19 antigenic switches of the IsTaR 1 serodeme. This is suprisingly frequent since the immune response cannot select against the inactive gene. We estimate that 10
−1 to 10
−3 telomeric VSG gene conversions occur per generation, which is at least 100 times more frequent than antigenic switching. Since all three “silent” gene conversions involved an IsTat 5 VSG gene, the frequency may vary among telomeric VSG genes. However, the high gene conversion frequency for the 5 VSG gene does not ensure a higher antigenic switch frequency than other telomeric VSG genes for which we have probes. These results suggest that gene conversion rapidly alters the repertoire of telomeric VSG genes, possibly including those on minichromosomes, producing a continual variation in the VSG genes that are more likely to be expressed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-4894</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2449</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(89)90003-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2917631</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EXPAAA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Diego, CA: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Protozoan - genetics ; Antigens, Protozoan - immunology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chromosomes ; Clone Cells ; Gene Conversion ; Genes ; Human protozoal diseases ; Infectious diseases ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Parasitic diseases ; Protozoal diseases ; Restriction Mapping ; Tropical medicine ; Trypanosoma brucei ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei - genetics ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei - immunology ; Trypanosomiasis ; Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - genetics ; Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - immunology</subject><ispartof>Experimental parasitology, 1989, Vol.68 (1), p.8-16</ispartof><rights>1989</rights><rights>1989 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-5a48cb2f0262aa55731c00a408ea559a6c88b5ebd895e1e09cf34e8a1e824d8f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-5a48cb2f0262aa55731c00a408ea559a6c88b5ebd895e1e09cf34e8a1e824d8f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(89)90003-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,4024,27923,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7232118$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2917631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aline, Robert F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Myler, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuart, Kenneth D.</creatorcontrib><title>Trypanosoma brucei: Frequent loss of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene</title><title>Experimental parasitology</title><addtitle>Exp Parasitol</addtitle><description>We have observed the loss of an inactive telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene that is located on a minichromosome in
Trypanosoma brucei. If this is due to gene conversion, it is the third “silent” gene conversion (i.e., one that does not produce an antigenic switch) detected in 19 antigenic switches of the IsTaR 1 serodeme. This is suprisingly frequent since the immune response cannot select against the inactive gene. We estimate that 10
−1 to 10
−3 telomeric VSG gene conversions occur per generation, which is at least 100 times more frequent than antigenic switching. Since all three “silent” gene conversions involved an IsTat 5 VSG gene, the frequency may vary among telomeric VSG genes. However, the high gene conversion frequency for the 5 VSG gene does not ensure a higher antigenic switch frequency than other telomeric VSG genes for which we have probes. These results suggest that gene conversion rapidly alters the repertoire of telomeric VSG genes, possibly including those on minichromosomes, producing a continual variation in the VSG genes that are more likely to be expressed.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigenic Variation</subject><subject>Antigens, Protozoan - genetics</subject><subject>Antigens, Protozoan - immunology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Clone Cells</subject><subject>Gene Conversion</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Human protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Restriction Mapping</subject><subject>Tropical medicine</subject><subject>Trypanosoma brucei</subject><subject>Trypanosoma brucei brucei - genetics</subject><subject>Trypanosoma brucei brucei - immunology</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis</subject><subject>Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - genetics</subject><subject>Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - immunology</subject><issn>0014-4894</issn><issn>1090-2449</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1r3DAQhkVJSLZp_0ELOoTSHtxqZHkt5VAIIR-FQKGkZzGWx0HFtjaSHdh_Hzm77DE9CfE-M3r1MPYJxHcQsP4hBKhCaaO-avPNCCHKwrxjKxBGFFIpc8RWB-SUvU_pX2Y0SHXCTqSBel3Civ15iNsNjiGFAXkTZ0f-gt9EepppnHgfUuKh48gn6sNA0Tv-jNFjztIcO3TEH_utC5sYJvIjf6SRPrDjDvtEH_fnGft7c_1wdVfc_779dXV5XzgF9VRUqLRrZCfkWiJWVV2CEwKV0JRvBtdO66aiptWmIiBhXFcq0gikpWp1V56xL7u9-fFcN0128MlR3-NIYU621roWptb_BaECY3RpMqh2oIv545E6u4l-wLi1IOzi3C5C7SLUamNfndtl7PN-_9wM1B6G9pJzfr7PMTnsu4ij8-mA1bKUAEvNnzuMsrRnT9Em52l01PpIbrJt8G_3eAEn_J1k</recordid><startdate>1989</startdate><enddate>1989</enddate><creator>Aline, Robert F.</creator><creator>Myler, Peter J.</creator><creator>Stuart, Kenneth D.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1989</creationdate><title>Trypanosoma brucei: Frequent loss of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene</title><author>Aline, Robert F. ; Myler, Peter J. ; Stuart, Kenneth D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-5a48cb2f0262aa55731c00a408ea559a6c88b5ebd895e1e09cf34e8a1e824d8f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigenic Variation</topic><topic>Antigens, Protozoan - genetics</topic><topic>Antigens, Protozoan - immunology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chromosomes</topic><topic>Clone Cells</topic><topic>Gene Conversion</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Human protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Restriction Mapping</topic><topic>Tropical medicine</topic><topic>Trypanosoma brucei</topic><topic>Trypanosoma brucei brucei - genetics</topic><topic>Trypanosoma brucei brucei - immunology</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis</topic><topic>Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - genetics</topic><topic>Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aline, Robert F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Myler, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuart, Kenneth D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Experimental parasitology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aline, Robert F.</au><au>Myler, Peter J.</au><au>Stuart, Kenneth D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trypanosoma brucei: Frequent loss of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene</atitle><jtitle>Experimental parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>Exp Parasitol</addtitle><date>1989</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>68</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>8</spage><epage>16</epage><pages>8-16</pages><issn>0014-4894</issn><eissn>1090-2449</eissn><coden>EXPAAA</coden><abstract>We have observed the loss of an inactive telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene that is located on a minichromosome in
Trypanosoma brucei. If this is due to gene conversion, it is the third “silent” gene conversion (i.e., one that does not produce an antigenic switch) detected in 19 antigenic switches of the IsTaR 1 serodeme. This is suprisingly frequent since the immune response cannot select against the inactive gene. We estimate that 10
−1 to 10
−3 telomeric VSG gene conversions occur per generation, which is at least 100 times more frequent than antigenic switching. Since all three “silent” gene conversions involved an IsTat 5 VSG gene, the frequency may vary among telomeric VSG genes. However, the high gene conversion frequency for the 5 VSG gene does not ensure a higher antigenic switch frequency than other telomeric VSG genes for which we have probes. These results suggest that gene conversion rapidly alters the repertoire of telomeric VSG genes, possibly including those on minichromosomes, producing a continual variation in the VSG genes that are more likely to be expressed.</abstract><cop>San Diego, CA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>2917631</pmid><doi>10.1016/0014-4894(89)90003-9</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0014-4894 |
ispartof | Experimental parasitology, 1989, Vol.68 (1), p.8-16 |
issn | 0014-4894 1090-2449 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78870978 |
source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
subjects | Animals Antigenic Variation Antigens, Protozoan - genetics Antigens, Protozoan - immunology Biological and medical sciences Chromosomes Clone Cells Gene Conversion Genes Human protozoal diseases Infectious diseases Medical sciences Mice Parasitic diseases Protozoal diseases Restriction Mapping Tropical medicine Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma brucei brucei - genetics Trypanosoma brucei brucei - immunology Trypanosomiasis Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - genetics Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma - immunology |
title | Trypanosoma brucei: Frequent loss of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T19%3A36%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trypanosoma%20brucei:%20Frequent%20loss%20of%20a%20telomeric%20variant%20surface%20glycoprotein%20gene&rft.jtitle=Experimental%20parasitology&rft.au=Aline,%20Robert%20F.&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.epage=16&rft.pages=8-16&rft.issn=0014-4894&rft.eissn=1090-2449&rft.coden=EXPAAA&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/0014-4894(89)90003-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E15199839%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=15199839&rft_id=info:pmid/2917631&rft_els_id=0014489489900039&rfr_iscdi=true |