Distribution, elimination, and residues of [14C]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves
Clenbuterol HCL is beta-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in Europe and the United States by some livestock producers to increase carcass leanness. The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of animal science 1997-02, Vol.75 (2), p.454-461 |
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| description | Clenbuterol HCL is beta-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in Europe and the United States by some livestock producers to increase carcass leanness. The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues after a single oral dose of [14C] clenbuterol HCL in calves. [14C]Clenbuterol HCL (1.59 microCi/mg, 3 mg(kg BW) was administered to a 74- and a 96-kg Holstein bull calf as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after dosing; urine and feces were collected separately and placed into respective pools from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h after dosing. At 48 h after dosing, calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated, and visceral organs, bile, eyes, brain, skeletal muscle, skin, adipose tissue, and the remainder of the carcass were collected. Tissues were processed by coarse grinding through a Hobart grinder, followed by homogenization on dry ice. Eyes were dissected and the various tissues and excreta were assayed for total radiocarbon content by combustion analysis and(or) liquid scintillation counting. Parent clenbuterol was measured in selected tissues by HPLC after solvent extraction. Urinary, fecal, and carcass radioactivity averaged 41.5 +/- 8.1, 2.4 +/- -. 4 and 52.3 +/- 8.7% of the dose, respectively (mean +/- SD.). Average total recovery of radiocarbon was 96.2 +/- 1.4 %. Radioactive residues present in carcasses averaged (ppm; mean +/- SD.): blood -.6 +/- -.2; heart, 1.4 +/- -.0; lungs, 8.4 +/- 1.7; spleen, 2.6 +/-.3; liver, 5.0 +/- -.4; kidney, 5.9 +/- -.0; brain, 1.9 +/- -.4; adipose tissue 1.1 +/- -.2; rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, 2.3 +/- -.4; small intestine, 3.2 +/- -.3; large intestine, 4.0 +/- -.4; skeletal muscle, 1.0 +/- -.2; bile, 12.5 +/- 4.0; white skin, -.7 +/- -.1; black skin, 4.0 +/- -.7; remainder of the carcass, 1.0 +/- 0.2 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2527/1997.752454x |
| format | Article |
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The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues after a single oral dose of [14C] clenbuterol HCL in calves. [14C]Clenbuterol HCL (1.59 microCi/mg, 3 mg(kg BW) was administered to a 74- and a 96-kg Holstein bull calf as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after dosing; urine and feces were collected separately and placed into respective pools from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h after dosing. At 48 h after dosing, calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated, and visceral organs, bile, eyes, brain, skeletal muscle, skin, adipose tissue, and the remainder of the carcass were collected. Tissues were processed by coarse grinding through a Hobart grinder, followed by homogenization on dry ice. Eyes were dissected and the various tissues and excreta were assayed for total radiocarbon content by combustion analysis and(or) liquid scintillation counting. Parent clenbuterol was measured in selected tissues by HPLC after solvent extraction. Urinary, fecal, and carcass radioactivity averaged 41.5 +/- 8.1, 2.4 +/- -. 4 and 52.3 +/- 8.7% of the dose, respectively (mean +/- SD.). Average total recovery of radiocarbon was 96.2 +/- 1.4 %. Radioactive residues present in carcasses averaged (ppm; mean +/- SD.): blood -.6 +/- -.2; heart, 1.4 +/- -.0; lungs, 8.4 +/- 1.7; spleen, 2.6 +/-.3; liver, 5.0 +/- -.4; kidney, 5.9 +/- -.0; brain, 1.9 +/- -.4; adipose tissue 1.1 +/- -.2; rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, 2.3 +/- -.4; small intestine, 3.2 +/- -.3; large intestine, 4.0 +/- -.4; skeletal muscle, 1.0 +/- -.2; bile, 12.5 +/- 4.0; white skin, -.7 +/- -.1; black skin, 4.0 +/- -.7; remainder of the carcass, 1.0 +/- 0.2</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2527/1997.752454x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9051469</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Savoy, IL: Am Soc Animal Sci</publisher><subject>Adipose Tissue - chemistry ; Administration, Oral ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists - administration & dosage ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists - analysis ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists - metabolism ; Animal productions ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain Chemistry ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Cattle ; Cattle - metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - veterinary ; CLENBUTEROL ; Clenbuterol - administration & dosage ; Clenbuterol - analysis ; Clenbuterol - metabolism ; Edible Grain - chemistry ; Edible Grain - standards ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hormones ; ISOTOPE RADIOACTIF ; Male ; MEDICAMENT ; MEDICAMENTOS ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry ; Myocardium - chemistry ; OEIL ; OJOS ; RADIACTIVIDAD ; RADIOACTIVITE ; RADIOISOTOPOS ; RESIDU ; RESIDUOS ; SANG ; SANGRE ; Skin - chemistry ; TERNERO ; Terrestrial animal productions ; Time Factors ; VEAU ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 1997-02, Vol.75 (2), p.454-461</ispartof><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Animal Science Feb 1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-2c18cd04328e46fc37cfe3aa02d34664d3314a9e3d4381447fef176e4a01a2a03</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2594004$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9051469$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Smith, D.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paulson, G.D</creatorcontrib><title>Distribution, elimination, and residues of [14C]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Clenbuterol HCL is beta-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in Europe and the United States by some livestock producers to increase carcass leanness. The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues after a single oral dose of [14C] clenbuterol HCL in calves. [14C]Clenbuterol HCL (1.59 microCi/mg, 3 mg(kg BW) was administered to a 74- and a 96-kg Holstein bull calf as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after dosing; urine and feces were collected separately and placed into respective pools from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h after dosing. At 48 h after dosing, calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated, and visceral organs, bile, eyes, brain, skeletal muscle, skin, adipose tissue, and the remainder of the carcass were collected. Tissues were processed by coarse grinding through a Hobart grinder, followed by homogenization on dry ice. Eyes were dissected and the various tissues and excreta were assayed for total radiocarbon content by combustion analysis and(or) liquid scintillation counting. Parent clenbuterol was measured in selected tissues by HPLC after solvent extraction. Urinary, fecal, and carcass radioactivity averaged 41.5 +/- 8.1, 2.4 +/- -. 4 and 52.3 +/- 8.7% of the dose, respectively (mean +/- SD.). Average total recovery of radiocarbon was 96.2 +/- 1.4 %. Radioactive residues present in carcasses averaged (ppm; mean +/- SD.): blood -.6 +/- -.2; heart, 1.4 +/- -.0; lungs, 8.4 +/- 1.7; spleen, 2.6 +/-.3; liver, 5.0 +/- -.4; kidney, 5.9 +/- -.0; brain, 1.9 +/- -.4; adipose tissue 1.1 +/- -.2; rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, 2.3 +/- -.4; small intestine, 3.2 +/- -.3; large intestine, 4.0 +/- -.4; skeletal muscle, 1.0 +/- -.2; bile, 12.5 +/- 4.0; white skin, -.7 +/- -.1; black skin, 4.0 +/- -.7; remainder of the carcass, 1.0 +/- 0.2</description><subject>Adipose Tissue - chemistry</subject><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Adrenergic beta-Agonists - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Adrenergic beta-Agonists - analysis</subject><subject>Adrenergic beta-Agonists - metabolism</subject><subject>Animal productions</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain Chemistry</subject><subject>Carbon Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cattle - metabolism</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - veterinary</subject><subject>CLENBUTEROL</subject><subject>Clenbuterol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Clenbuterol - analysis</subject><subject>Clenbuterol - metabolism</subject><subject>Edible Grain - chemistry</subject><subject>Edible Grain - standards</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>ISOTOPE RADIOACTIF</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MEDICAMENT</subject><subject>MEDICAMENTOS</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</subject><subject>Myocardium - chemistry</subject><subject>OEIL</subject><subject>OJOS</subject><subject>RADIACTIVIDAD</subject><subject>RADIOACTIVITE</subject><subject>RADIOISOTOPOS</subject><subject>RESIDU</subject><subject>RESIDUOS</subject><subject>SANG</subject><subject>SANGRE</subject><subject>Skin - chemistry</subject><subject>TERNERO</subject><subject>Terrestrial animal productions</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>VEAU</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><issn>0021-8812</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkctv1DAQhy0EKtuFGyckpAgVTk3x-BE7R7Q8FqkSEtATQtbUcVqvnLjYCY__Hq8S9cDJtubTzzPfEPIM6AWTTL2BtlUXSjIhxZ8HZAOSyZpDwx-SDaUMaq2BPSanOR8oBSZbeUJOWipBNO2GfHnn85T89Tz5OJ5XLvjBj7g8cOyq5LLvZper2FffQex-2ODGQrsUQ7XfhcqP1T6GPLlysRh-ufyEPOoxZPd0Pbfk6sP7b7t9ffn546fd28va8hammlnQtqOCM-1E01uubO84ImUdF00jOs5BYOt4J7gGIVTvelCNE0gBGVK-Ja-X3LsUf5YWJzP4bF0IOLo4Z6O0lkqxI_jyP_AQ5zSW3gwDDSA5kwU6XyCbYs7J9eYu-QHTXwPUHD2bo2ezei74izVzvh5cdw-vYkv9bK1jLlr6hKP1-R4raxC0zL4lrxbs1t_c_vbJmTxgCCUUzAGzkoaZ8l_hni9cj9HgTSpRV19bxRuhJf8HLJWX_A</recordid><startdate>19970201</startdate><enddate>19970201</enddate><creator>Smith, D.J</creator><creator>Paulson, G.D</creator><general>Am Soc Animal Sci</general><general>American Society of Animal Science</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970201</creationdate><title>Distribution, elimination, and residues of [14C]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves</title><author>Smith, D.J ; Paulson, G.D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-2c18cd04328e46fc37cfe3aa02d34664d3314a9e3d4381447fef176e4a01a2a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Adipose Tissue - chemistry</topic><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Adrenergic beta-Agonists - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Adrenergic beta-Agonists - analysis</topic><topic>Adrenergic beta-Agonists - metabolism</topic><topic>Animal productions</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain Chemistry</topic><topic>Carbon Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cattle - metabolism</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - veterinary</topic><topic>CLENBUTEROL</topic><topic>Clenbuterol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Clenbuterol - analysis</topic><topic>Clenbuterol - metabolism</topic><topic>Edible Grain - chemistry</topic><topic>Edible Grain - standards</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>ISOTOPE RADIOACTIF</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MEDICAMENT</topic><topic>MEDICAMENTOS</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry</topic><topic>Myocardium - chemistry</topic><topic>OEIL</topic><topic>OJOS</topic><topic>RADIACTIVIDAD</topic><topic>RADIOACTIVITE</topic><topic>RADIOISOTOPOS</topic><topic>RESIDU</topic><topic>RESIDUOS</topic><topic>SANG</topic><topic>SANGRE</topic><topic>Skin - chemistry</topic><topic>TERNERO</topic><topic>Terrestrial animal productions</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>VEAU</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Smith, D.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paulson, G.D</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Smith, D.J</au><au>Paulson, G.D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Distribution, elimination, and residues of [14C]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>1997-02-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>454</spage><epage>461</epage><pages>454-461</pages><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><eissn>0021-8812</eissn><abstract>Clenbuterol HCL is beta-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in Europe and the United States by some livestock producers to increase carcass leanness. The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues after a single oral dose of [14C] clenbuterol HCL in calves. [14C]Clenbuterol HCL (1.59 microCi/mg, 3 mg(kg BW) was administered to a 74- and a 96-kg Holstein bull calf as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after dosing; urine and feces were collected separately and placed into respective pools from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h after dosing. At 48 h after dosing, calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated, and visceral organs, bile, eyes, brain, skeletal muscle, skin, adipose tissue, and the remainder of the carcass were collected. Tissues were processed by coarse grinding through a Hobart grinder, followed by homogenization on dry ice. Eyes were dissected and the various tissues and excreta were assayed for total radiocarbon content by combustion analysis and(or) liquid scintillation counting. Parent clenbuterol was measured in selected tissues by HPLC after solvent extraction. Urinary, fecal, and carcass radioactivity averaged 41.5 +/- 8.1, 2.4 +/- -. 4 and 52.3 +/- 8.7% of the dose, respectively (mean +/- SD.). Average total recovery of radiocarbon was 96.2 +/- 1.4 %. Radioactive residues present in carcasses averaged (ppm; mean +/- SD.): blood -.6 +/- -.2; heart, 1.4 +/- -.0; lungs, 8.4 +/- 1.7; spleen, 2.6 +/-.3; liver, 5.0 +/- -.4; kidney, 5.9 +/- -.0; brain, 1.9 +/- -.4; adipose tissue 1.1 +/- -.2; rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, 2.3 +/- -.4; small intestine, 3.2 +/- -.3; large intestine, 4.0 +/- -.4; skeletal muscle, 1.0 +/- -.2; bile, 12.5 +/- 4.0; white skin, -.7 +/- -.1; black skin, 4.0 +/- -.7; remainder of the carcass, 1.0 +/- 0.2</abstract><cop>Savoy, IL</cop><pub>Am Soc Animal Sci</pub><pmid>9051469</pmid><doi>10.2527/1997.752454x</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of animal science, 1997-02, Vol.75 (2), p.454-461 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals Current |
| subjects | Adipose Tissue - chemistry Administration, Oral Adrenergic beta-Agonists - administration & dosage Adrenergic beta-Agonists - analysis Adrenergic beta-Agonists - metabolism Animal productions Animals Biological and medical sciences Brain Chemistry Carbon Radioisotopes Cattle Cattle - metabolism Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - veterinary CLENBUTEROL Clenbuterol - administration & dosage Clenbuterol - analysis Clenbuterol - metabolism Edible Grain - chemistry Edible Grain - standards Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hormones ISOTOPE RADIOACTIF Male MEDICAMENT MEDICAMENTOS Metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry Myocardium - chemistry OEIL OJOS RADIACTIVIDAD RADIOACTIVITE RADIOISOTOPOS RESIDU RESIDUOS SANG SANGRE Skin - chemistry TERNERO Terrestrial animal productions Time Factors VEAU Vertebrates |
| title | Distribution, elimination, and residues of [14C]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves |
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