Cryptococcal infection in cats: factors influencing treatment outcome, and results of sequential serum antigen titers in 35 cats
The relationship between treatment outcome and location of cryptococcal infection, gender, magnitude of pretreatment cryptococcal antigen titers, results of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) serology, and serial changes in antigen titers during and after treatment...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of veterinary internal medicine 1997-01, Vol.11 (1), p.1-4 |
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| creator | Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.) Medleau, L Calvert, C Brown, J |
| description | The relationship between treatment outcome and location of cryptococcal infection, gender, magnitude of pretreatment cryptococcal antigen titers, results of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) serology, and serial changes in antigen titers during and after treatment were evaluated in a prospective and nonrandomized study of 35 cats with cryptococcosis. A commercial cryptococcal latex agglutination kit (CALAS; Meridian Diagnostic Inc, Cincinnati, OH) was used to detect cryptococcal antigen in sera. All cats were treated with itraconazole (Sporanox; Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc, Titusville, NJ). Pre‐treatment mean log titers for serum cryptococcal antigen were not influenced by location of the infection. Treatment outcome was not influenced by gender, location of the infection, or magnitude of pretreatment serum antigen titer. Treatment outcome was influenced by FeLV and FIV status; cats seropositive for FeLV or FIV had a higher likelihood of treatment failure (P= .008). The cryptococcal antigen titers of cats successfully treated decreased with significant linearity over time during treatment (r = ‐.64, P < .000001), whereas the corresponding titers for cats not treated successfully did not decrease with significant linearity (r= ‐.03, P > .9). For cats in which treatment was successful, antigen titers decreased significantly from pretreatment values by 1.3 orders of magnitude at 2 months after initiation of treatment. By 10 months after initiating treatment, log titers decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude in all cats successfully treated, and 9 of 16 cats had undetectable titers. In contrast, in 5 of 6 cats in which treatment failed, antigen titers were unchanged or increased in magnitude even after at least 6 months of treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00064.x |
| format | Article |
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(University of Georgia, Athens, GA.) ; Medleau, L ; Calvert, C ; Brown, J</creator><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.) ; Medleau, L ; Calvert, C ; Brown, J</creatorcontrib><description>The relationship between treatment outcome and location of cryptococcal infection, gender, magnitude of pretreatment cryptococcal antigen titers, results of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) serology, and serial changes in antigen titers during and after treatment were evaluated in a prospective and nonrandomized study of 35 cats with cryptococcosis. A commercial cryptococcal latex agglutination kit (CALAS; Meridian Diagnostic Inc, Cincinnati, OH) was used to detect cryptococcal antigen in sera. All cats were treated with itraconazole (Sporanox; Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc, Titusville, NJ). Pre‐treatment mean log titers for serum cryptococcal antigen were not influenced by location of the infection. Treatment outcome was not influenced by gender, location of the infection, or magnitude of pretreatment serum antigen titer. Treatment outcome was influenced by FeLV and FIV status; cats seropositive for FeLV or FIV had a higher likelihood of treatment failure (P= .008). The cryptococcal antigen titers of cats successfully treated decreased with significant linearity over time during treatment (r = ‐.64, P < .000001), whereas the corresponding titers for cats not treated successfully did not decrease with significant linearity (r= ‐.03, P > .9). For cats in which treatment was successful, antigen titers decreased significantly from pretreatment values by 1.3 orders of magnitude at 2 months after initiation of treatment. By 10 months after initiating treatment, log titers decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude in all cats successfully treated, and 9 of 16 cats had undetectable titers. In contrast, in 5 of 6 cats in which treatment failed, antigen titers were unchanged or increased in magnitude even after at least 6 months of treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0891-6640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00064.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9132477</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Agglutination Tests - veterinary ; AIDS/HIV ; Analysis of Variance ; ANIMAL VIRUSES ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use ; ANTIGENE ; ANTIGENOS ; ANTIGENS ; Antigens, Fungal - blood ; Antigens, Fungal - immunology ; BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES ; BLOOD SERUM ; Cat Diseases - blood ; Cat Diseases - drug therapy ; Cat Diseases - immunology ; CATS ; CHAT ; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS ; Cryptococcosis - drug therapy ; Cryptococcosis - immunology ; Cryptococcosis - veterinary ; Cryptococcus ; CRYPTOCOCCUS (CHAMPIGNON) ; CRYPTOCOCCUS (FUNGI) ; CRYPTOCOCCUS (HONGO) ; Cryptococcus neoformans - immunology ; Cryptococcus neoformans - isolation & purification ; DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS ; DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - diagnosis ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology ; FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ; FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS ; Female ; GATO ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - immunology ; Incidence ; Itraconazole - therapeutic use ; LENTIVIRUS ; LEUCEMIA ; LEUCEMIE ; LEUKAEMIA ; Leukemia Virus, Feline - immunology ; Leukemia, Feline - diagnosis ; Leukemia, Feline - epidemiology ; Leukemia, Feline - immunology ; Male ; MEDICAL TREATMENT ; MICOSIS ; MYCOSE ; MYCOSES ; PRETREATMENT ; Prospective Studies ; SEROPREVALENCE ; SERUM SANGUIN ; SEX ; SEXE ; SEXO ; SUERO SANGUINEO ; TERAPIA ; THERAPEUTIQUE ; THERAPY ; Treatment Outcome ; VIRUS DE LOS ANIMALES ; VIRUS DES ANIMAUX</subject><ispartof>Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 1997-01, Vol.11 (1), p.1-4</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5761-3529e0707441aaf1c4ed87628fe53629814a86687c5644e80cba0b20a7c723ef3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5761-3529e0707441aaf1c4ed87628fe53629814a86687c5644e80cba0b20a7c723ef3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.1997.tb00064.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.1997.tb00064.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,11543,27905,27906,45555,45556,46033,46457</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.1997.tb00064.x$$EView_record_in_Wiley-Blackwell$$FView_record_in_$$GWiley-Blackwell</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9132477$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medleau, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calvert, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, J</creatorcontrib><title>Cryptococcal infection in cats: factors influencing treatment outcome, and results of sequential serum antigen titers in 35 cats</title><title>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><description>The relationship between treatment outcome and location of cryptococcal infection, gender, magnitude of pretreatment cryptococcal antigen titers, results of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) serology, and serial changes in antigen titers during and after treatment were evaluated in a prospective and nonrandomized study of 35 cats with cryptococcosis. A commercial cryptococcal latex agglutination kit (CALAS; Meridian Diagnostic Inc, Cincinnati, OH) was used to detect cryptococcal antigen in sera. All cats were treated with itraconazole (Sporanox; Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc, Titusville, NJ). Pre‐treatment mean log titers for serum cryptococcal antigen were not influenced by location of the infection. Treatment outcome was not influenced by gender, location of the infection, or magnitude of pretreatment serum antigen titer. Treatment outcome was influenced by FeLV and FIV status; cats seropositive for FeLV or FIV had a higher likelihood of treatment failure (P= .008). The cryptococcal antigen titers of cats successfully treated decreased with significant linearity over time during treatment (r = ‐.64, P < .000001), whereas the corresponding titers for cats not treated successfully did not decrease with significant linearity (r= ‐.03, P > .9). For cats in which treatment was successful, antigen titers decreased significantly from pretreatment values by 1.3 orders of magnitude at 2 months after initiation of treatment. By 10 months after initiating treatment, log titers decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude in all cats successfully treated, and 9 of 16 cats had undetectable titers. In contrast, in 5 of 6 cats in which treatment failed, antigen titers were unchanged or increased in magnitude even after at least 6 months of treatment.</description><subject>Agglutination Tests - veterinary</subject><subject>AIDS/HIV</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>ANIMAL VIRUSES</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>ANTIGENE</subject><subject>ANTIGENOS</subject><subject>ANTIGENS</subject><subject>Antigens, Fungal - blood</subject><subject>Antigens, Fungal - immunology</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES</subject><subject>BLOOD SERUM</subject><subject>Cat Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Cat Diseases - drug therapy</subject><subject>Cat Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>CATS</subject><subject>CHAT</subject><subject>CRYPTOCOCCOSIS</subject><subject>Cryptococcosis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Cryptococcosis - immunology</subject><subject>Cryptococcosis - veterinary</subject><subject>Cryptococcus</subject><subject>CRYPTOCOCCUS (CHAMPIGNON)</subject><subject>CRYPTOCOCCUS (FUNGI)</subject><subject>CRYPTOCOCCUS (HONGO)</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans - immunology</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans - isolation & purification</subject><subject>DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS</subject><subject>DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology</subject><subject>FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS</subject><subject>FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>GATO</subject><subject>Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - immunology</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Itraconazole - therapeutic use</subject><subject>LENTIVIRUS</subject><subject>LEUCEMIA</subject><subject>LEUCEMIE</subject><subject>LEUKAEMIA</subject><subject>Leukemia Virus, Feline - immunology</subject><subject>Leukemia, Feline - diagnosis</subject><subject>Leukemia, Feline - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemia, Feline - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MEDICAL TREATMENT</subject><subject>MICOSIS</subject><subject>MYCOSE</subject><subject>MYCOSES</subject><subject>PRETREATMENT</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>SEROPREVALENCE</subject><subject>SERUM SANGUIN</subject><subject>SEX</subject><subject>SEXE</subject><subject>SEXO</subject><subject>SUERO SANGUINEO</subject><subject>TERAPIA</subject><subject>THERAPEUTIQUE</subject><subject>THERAPY</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>VIRUS DE LOS ANIMALES</subject><subject>VIRUS DES ANIMAUX</subject><issn>0891-6640</issn><issn>1939-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkd2LEzEUxQdR1u7qPyAIwQfZB6fmY_IxCz5IddeV-oWugi8hTe-UdGcmNclg--afbmZb-iiYl1w4v3PuhVMUzwiekvxerqekZnVJhBR5quU0LTDGoppu7xWTo3S_mGBVk1KICj8sTmNcY0w55_KkOKkJo5WUk-LPLOw2yVtvrWmR6xuwyfk-T8iaFC9QY2zyIY5SO0BvXb9CKYBJHfQJ-SFZ38ELZPolChCHNkXkGxThV4aTy5kRwtBlPbkV9Ci5BHdpiPG7DY-KB41pIzw-_GfFzeXbb7N35fzT1fXs9by0XApSMk5rwBLLqiLGNMRWsFRSUNUAZ4LWilRGCaGk5aKqQGG7MHhBsZFWUgYNOyue73M3wefbYtKdixba1vTgh6ilUowpKjN4_k-QUMVxBgnN6MUetcHHGKDRm-A6E3aaYD02pdd6rEOPdeixKX1oSm-z-elhz7DoYHm0HqrJ-qu9_tu1sPuPZP3--_UHkv3l3u9igu3Rb8KtFpJJrn98vNKf-fzLjF2-0T8z_2TPN8Zrswou6puvtaxILWr2FyNbu80</recordid><startdate>199701</startdate><enddate>199701</enddate><creator>Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.)</creator><creator>Medleau, L</creator><creator>Calvert, C</creator><creator>Brown, J</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199701</creationdate><title>Cryptococcal infection in cats: factors influencing treatment outcome, and results of sequential serum antigen titers in 35 cats</title><author>Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.) ; Medleau, L ; Calvert, C ; Brown, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5761-3529e0707441aaf1c4ed87628fe53629814a86687c5644e80cba0b20a7c723ef3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Agglutination Tests - veterinary</topic><topic>AIDS/HIV</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>ANIMAL VIRUSES</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>ANTIGENE</topic><topic>ANTIGENOS</topic><topic>ANTIGENS</topic><topic>Antigens, Fungal - blood</topic><topic>Antigens, Fungal - immunology</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES</topic><topic>BLOOD SERUM</topic><topic>Cat Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Cat Diseases - drug therapy</topic><topic>Cat Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>CATS</topic><topic>CHAT</topic><topic>CRYPTOCOCCOSIS</topic><topic>Cryptococcosis - drug therapy</topic><topic>Cryptococcosis - immunology</topic><topic>Cryptococcosis - veterinary</topic><topic>Cryptococcus</topic><topic>CRYPTOCOCCUS (CHAMPIGNON)</topic><topic>CRYPTOCOCCUS (FUNGI)</topic><topic>CRYPTOCOCCUS (HONGO)</topic><topic>Cryptococcus neoformans - immunology</topic><topic>Cryptococcus neoformans - isolation & purification</topic><topic>DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS</topic><topic>DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology</topic><topic>FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS</topic><topic>FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>GATO</topic><topic>Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - immunology</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Itraconazole - therapeutic use</topic><topic>LENTIVIRUS</topic><topic>LEUCEMIA</topic><topic>LEUCEMIE</topic><topic>LEUKAEMIA</topic><topic>Leukemia Virus, Feline - immunology</topic><topic>Leukemia, Feline - diagnosis</topic><topic>Leukemia, Feline - epidemiology</topic><topic>Leukemia, Feline - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MEDICAL TREATMENT</topic><topic>MICOSIS</topic><topic>MYCOSE</topic><topic>MYCOSES</topic><topic>PRETREATMENT</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>SEROPREVALENCE</topic><topic>SERUM SANGUIN</topic><topic>SEX</topic><topic>SEXE</topic><topic>SEXO</topic><topic>SUERO SANGUINEO</topic><topic>TERAPIA</topic><topic>THERAPEUTIQUE</topic><topic>THERAPY</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>VIRUS DE LOS ANIMALES</topic><topic>VIRUS DES ANIMAUX</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medleau, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calvert, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jacobs, G.J. (University of Georgia, Athens, GA.)</au><au>Medleau, L</au><au>Calvert, C</au><au>Brown, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cryptococcal infection in cats: factors influencing treatment outcome, and results of sequential serum antigen titers in 35 cats</atitle><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><date>1997-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>4</epage><pages>1-4</pages><issn>0891-6640</issn><eissn>1939-1676</eissn><abstract>The relationship between treatment outcome and location of cryptococcal infection, gender, magnitude of pretreatment cryptococcal antigen titers, results of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) serology, and serial changes in antigen titers during and after treatment were evaluated in a prospective and nonrandomized study of 35 cats with cryptococcosis. A commercial cryptococcal latex agglutination kit (CALAS; Meridian Diagnostic Inc, Cincinnati, OH) was used to detect cryptococcal antigen in sera. All cats were treated with itraconazole (Sporanox; Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc, Titusville, NJ). Pre‐treatment mean log titers for serum cryptococcal antigen were not influenced by location of the infection. Treatment outcome was not influenced by gender, location of the infection, or magnitude of pretreatment serum antigen titer. Treatment outcome was influenced by FeLV and FIV status; cats seropositive for FeLV or FIV had a higher likelihood of treatment failure (P= .008). The cryptococcal antigen titers of cats successfully treated decreased with significant linearity over time during treatment (r = ‐.64, P < .000001), whereas the corresponding titers for cats not treated successfully did not decrease with significant linearity (r= ‐.03, P > .9). For cats in which treatment was successful, antigen titers decreased significantly from pretreatment values by 1.3 orders of magnitude at 2 months after initiation of treatment. By 10 months after initiating treatment, log titers decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude in all cats successfully treated, and 9 of 16 cats had undetectable titers. In contrast, in 5 of 6 cats in which treatment failed, antigen titers were unchanged or increased in magnitude even after at least 6 months of treatment.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>9132477</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00064.x</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 1997-01, Vol.11 (1), p.1-4 |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Open Access |
| subjects | Agglutination Tests - veterinary AIDS/HIV Analysis of Variance ANIMAL VIRUSES Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use ANTIGENE ANTIGENOS ANTIGENS Antigens, Fungal - blood Antigens, Fungal - immunology BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BLOOD SERUM Cat Diseases - blood Cat Diseases - drug therapy Cat Diseases - immunology CATS CHAT CRYPTOCOCCOSIS Cryptococcosis - drug therapy Cryptococcosis - immunology Cryptococcosis - veterinary Cryptococcus CRYPTOCOCCUS (CHAMPIGNON) CRYPTOCOCCUS (FUNGI) CRYPTOCOCCUS (HONGO) Cryptococcus neoformans - immunology Cryptococcus neoformans - isolation & purification DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - diagnosis Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS Female GATO Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - immunology Incidence Itraconazole - therapeutic use LENTIVIRUS LEUCEMIA LEUCEMIE LEUKAEMIA Leukemia Virus, Feline - immunology Leukemia, Feline - diagnosis Leukemia, Feline - epidemiology Leukemia, Feline - immunology Male MEDICAL TREATMENT MICOSIS MYCOSE MYCOSES PRETREATMENT Prospective Studies SEROPREVALENCE SERUM SANGUIN SEX SEXE SEXO SUERO SANGUINEO TERAPIA THERAPEUTIQUE THERAPY Treatment Outcome VIRUS DE LOS ANIMALES VIRUS DES ANIMAUX |
| title | Cryptococcal infection in cats: factors influencing treatment outcome, and results of sequential serum antigen titers in 35 cats |
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