Cystine levels, cystine flux, and protein catabolism in cancer cachexia, HIV/SIV infection, and senescence

Patients with skeletal muscle catab‐olism (cachexia) fail to conserve the skeletal muscle protein and release large amounts of nitrogen as urea. Previous studies suggest that the threshold for the conversion of amino acids into other forms of chemical energy and the concomitant production of urea ar...

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