Internal Mammary Veins: Classification and Surgical Use in Free-Tissue Transfer
ABSTRACT The internal mammary artery has been well-investigated due to its frequent use in cardiac surgery. However, in reconstructive microsurgery in the thoracic region, the internal mammary vessels have been used rarely as recipient vessels, due to difficulties and lack of knowledge about the int...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of reconstructive microsurgery 1997-01, Vol.13 (1), p.17-23 |
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| container_title | Journal of reconstructive microsurgery |
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| creator | Schwabegger, Anton H. Ninković, Milomir M. Moriggl, Bernhard Waldenberger, Peter Brenner, Erich Wechselberger, Gottfried Anderl, Hans |
| description | ABSTRACT
The internal mammary artery has been well-investigated due to its frequent use in cardiac surgery. However, in reconstructive microsurgery in the thoracic region, the internal mammary vessels have been used rarely as recipient vessels, due to difficulties and lack of knowledge about the internal mammary veins. This study was designed to investigate the anatomy and topography of the veins. Its goal was to gain sufficient information about their availability in free-tissue transfer.
Dissection of the vessels was performed in 86 cadavers bilaterally to the sternum. At the level of the fourth rib, which is the most desired access for microvascular anastomosis in reconstructive breast surgery with free flaps, the veins were found to be adequately large (range 0.64 to 4.45 mm). Results were in close agreement with 100 bilateral measurements obtained by color Doppler sonography in 16 patients pre-operatively, and additionally in 34 healthy volunteers. Preoperative detection of vessels with the aid of sonography facilitated planning of surgical procedures.
According to these findings, the internal mammary veins may be used as suitable recipient veins for free microvascular tissue transfer, especially for established autologous breast reconstruction with the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, or for reconstruction of complex thoracic-wall defects. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1055/s-2008-1063936 |
| format | Article |
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The internal mammary artery has been well-investigated due to its frequent use in cardiac surgery. However, in reconstructive microsurgery in the thoracic region, the internal mammary vessels have been used rarely as recipient vessels, due to difficulties and lack of knowledge about the internal mammary veins. This study was designed to investigate the anatomy and topography of the veins. Its goal was to gain sufficient information about their availability in free-tissue transfer.
Dissection of the vessels was performed in 86 cadavers bilaterally to the sternum. At the level of the fourth rib, which is the most desired access for microvascular anastomosis in reconstructive breast surgery with free flaps, the veins were found to be adequately large (range 0.64 to 4.45 mm). Results were in close agreement with 100 bilateral measurements obtained by color Doppler sonography in 16 patients pre-operatively, and additionally in 34 healthy volunteers. Preoperative detection of vessels with the aid of sonography facilitated planning of surgical procedures.
According to these findings, the internal mammary veins may be used as suitable recipient veins for free microvascular tissue transfer, especially for established autologous breast reconstruction with the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, or for reconstruction of complex thoracic-wall defects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0743-684X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-8947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1063936</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9120838</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JRMIE2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Thieme</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cadaver ; Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics ; Dissection ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammaplasty - methods ; Medical sciences ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; ORIGINAL ARTICLE ; Patient Care Planning ; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) ; Rectus Abdominis - transplantation ; Ribs - blood supply ; Skin Transplantation - methods ; Sternum - blood supply ; Surgical Flaps - methods ; Surgical Flaps - pathology ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax - blood supply ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; Veins - anatomy & histology ; Veins - diagnostic imaging ; Veins - transplantation</subject><ispartof>Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, 1997-01, Vol.13 (1), p.17-23</ispartof><rights>1997 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-ece0dca211071c356ed6e129b6cc05d66fca560978bdd739dec359c6b6a6650c3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-2008-1063936.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gthieme$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-2008-1063936$$EHTML$$P50$$Gthieme$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,3017,3018,4050,4051,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,54559,54560</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2562267$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9120838$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schwabegger, Anton H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ninković, Milomir M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moriggl, Bernhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldenberger, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brenner, Erich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wechselberger, Gottfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderl, Hans</creatorcontrib><title>Internal Mammary Veins: Classification and Surgical Use in Free-Tissue Transfer</title><title>Journal of reconstructive microsurgery</title><addtitle>J reconstr Microsurg</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
The internal mammary artery has been well-investigated due to its frequent use in cardiac surgery. However, in reconstructive microsurgery in the thoracic region, the internal mammary vessels have been used rarely as recipient vessels, due to difficulties and lack of knowledge about the internal mammary veins. This study was designed to investigate the anatomy and topography of the veins. Its goal was to gain sufficient information about their availability in free-tissue transfer.
Dissection of the vessels was performed in 86 cadavers bilaterally to the sternum. At the level of the fourth rib, which is the most desired access for microvascular anastomosis in reconstructive breast surgery with free flaps, the veins were found to be adequately large (range 0.64 to 4.45 mm). Results were in close agreement with 100 bilateral measurements obtained by color Doppler sonography in 16 patients pre-operatively, and additionally in 34 healthy volunteers. Preoperative detection of vessels with the aid of sonography facilitated planning of surgical procedures.
According to these findings, the internal mammary veins may be used as suitable recipient veins for free microvascular tissue transfer, especially for established autologous breast reconstruction with the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, or for reconstruction of complex thoracic-wall defects.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anastomosis, Surgical</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cadaver</subject><subject>Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics</subject><subject>Dissection</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mammaplasty - methods</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microsurgery</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject><subject>Patient Care Planning</subject><subject>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</subject><subject>Rectus Abdominis - transplantation</subject><subject>Ribs - blood supply</subject><subject>Skin Transplantation - methods</subject><subject>Sternum - blood supply</subject><subject>Surgical Flaps - methods</subject><subject>Surgical Flaps - pathology</subject><subject>Thoracic Surgery</subject><subject>Thorax - blood supply</subject><subject>Transplantation, Autologous</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color</subject><subject>Vascular Surgical Procedures</subject><subject>Veins - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Veins - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Veins - transplantation</subject><issn>0743-684X</issn><issn>1098-8947</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kD1PwzAQhi0EKqWwsiF5QGwudj4chw1VFCoVdaBFbJbrXMBVPoovGfj3uGrExuKTdc-9p3sIuRZ8Knia3iOLOFdMcBnnsTwhY8FzxVSeZKdkzLMkZlIlH-fkAnHHuUhyEY3IKLxcxWpMVoumA9-Yir6aujb-h76Da_CBziqD6EpnTefahpqmoG-9_wz_im4QqGvo3AOwtUPsga69abAEf0nOSlMhXA11Qjbzp_XshS1Xz4vZ45LZJIo7BhZ4YU0kBM-EjVMJhQQR5VtpLU8LKUtrUsnzTG2LIovzAgKUW7mVRsqU23hC7o65e99-94Cdrh1aqCrTQNujzpQK2TIN4PQIWt8ieij13rvDoVpwfTCoUR8M6sFgGLgZkvttDcUfPigL_duhbzDIKMPh1uEfFqUyimQWMHbEui8HNehd2x80439rfwFi-YZK</recordid><startdate>199701</startdate><enddate>199701</enddate><creator>Schwabegger, Anton H.</creator><creator>Ninković, Milomir M.</creator><creator>Moriggl, Bernhard</creator><creator>Waldenberger, Peter</creator><creator>Brenner, Erich</creator><creator>Wechselberger, Gottfried</creator><creator>Anderl, Hans</creator><general>Thieme</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199701</creationdate><title>Internal Mammary Veins: Classification and Surgical Use in Free-Tissue Transfer</title><author>Schwabegger, Anton H. ; Ninković, Milomir M. ; Moriggl, Bernhard ; Waldenberger, Peter ; Brenner, Erich ; Wechselberger, Gottfried ; Anderl, Hans</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-ece0dca211071c356ed6e129b6cc05d66fca560978bdd739dec359c6b6a6650c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anastomosis, Surgical</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cadaver</topic><topic>Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics</topic><topic>Dissection</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mammaplasty - methods</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microsurgery</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</topic><topic>Patient Care Planning</topic><topic>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</topic><topic>Rectus Abdominis - transplantation</topic><topic>Ribs - blood supply</topic><topic>Skin Transplantation - methods</topic><topic>Sternum - blood supply</topic><topic>Surgical Flaps - methods</topic><topic>Surgical Flaps - pathology</topic><topic>Thoracic Surgery</topic><topic>Thorax - blood supply</topic><topic>Transplantation, Autologous</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color</topic><topic>Vascular Surgical Procedures</topic><topic>Veins - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Veins - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Veins - transplantation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schwabegger, Anton H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ninković, Milomir M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moriggl, Bernhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldenberger, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brenner, Erich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wechselberger, Gottfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderl, Hans</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of reconstructive microsurgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schwabegger, Anton H.</au><au>Ninković, Milomir M.</au><au>Moriggl, Bernhard</au><au>Waldenberger, Peter</au><au>Brenner, Erich</au><au>Wechselberger, Gottfried</au><au>Anderl, Hans</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Internal Mammary Veins: Classification and Surgical Use in Free-Tissue Transfer</atitle><jtitle>Journal of reconstructive microsurgery</jtitle><addtitle>J reconstr Microsurg</addtitle><date>1997-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>17</spage><epage>23</epage><pages>17-23</pages><issn>0743-684X</issn><eissn>1098-8947</eissn><coden>JRMIE2</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
The internal mammary artery has been well-investigated due to its frequent use in cardiac surgery. However, in reconstructive microsurgery in the thoracic region, the internal mammary vessels have been used rarely as recipient vessels, due to difficulties and lack of knowledge about the internal mammary veins. This study was designed to investigate the anatomy and topography of the veins. Its goal was to gain sufficient information about their availability in free-tissue transfer.
Dissection of the vessels was performed in 86 cadavers bilaterally to the sternum. At the level of the fourth rib, which is the most desired access for microvascular anastomosis in reconstructive breast surgery with free flaps, the veins were found to be adequately large (range 0.64 to 4.45 mm). Results were in close agreement with 100 bilateral measurements obtained by color Doppler sonography in 16 patients pre-operatively, and additionally in 34 healthy volunteers. Preoperative detection of vessels with the aid of sonography facilitated planning of surgical procedures.
According to these findings, the internal mammary veins may be used as suitable recipient veins for free microvascular tissue transfer, especially for established autologous breast reconstruction with the free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, or for reconstruction of complex thoracic-wall defects.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Thieme</pub><pmid>9120838</pmid><doi>10.1055/s-2008-1063936</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anastomosis, Surgical Biological and medical sciences Cadaver Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics Dissection Female Humans Male Mammaplasty - methods Medical sciences Microsurgery Middle Aged ORIGINAL ARTICLE Patient Care Planning Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) Rectus Abdominis - transplantation Ribs - blood supply Skin Transplantation - methods Sternum - blood supply Surgical Flaps - methods Surgical Flaps - pathology Thoracic Surgery Thorax - blood supply Transplantation, Autologous Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color Vascular Surgical Procedures Veins - anatomy & histology Veins - diagnostic imaging Veins - transplantation |
| title | Internal Mammary Veins: Classification and Surgical Use in Free-Tissue Transfer |
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