When Expectancy Meets Desire: Motivational Effects in Reconstructive Memory
Two studies investigated the effects of motivational factors on expectancy use in reconstructive memory. Participants were given a target's midterm grades for later recall; expectancies about the target's future performance were then manipulated. Participants' desires to see their exp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of personality and social psychology 1997-01, Vol.72 (1), p.5-23 |
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| creator | McDonald, Hugh E Hirt, Edward R |
| description | Two studies investigated the effects of motivational factors on expectancy use in reconstructive memory. Participants were given a target's midterm grades for later recall; expectancies about the target's future performance were then manipulated. Participants' desires to see their expectancies confirmed were manipulated by making the target likable or unlikable. The authors hypothesized that when expectancy and liking "matched," participants would give significant weight to their expectancies at retrieval, resulting in expectancy-congruent distortion of the midterm grades. However, when expectancy and liking were "mismatched," expectancies would be discounted, and participants would show little or no expectancy-congruent distortion. Results supported these predictions. Study 2 varied the order of the expectancy and liking information. Order affected the process by which mismatch participants discounted their expectancies. Results demonstrate that motivations not only may bias memory
search
but also may affect the
reconstruction
of existing memory traces. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.5 |
| format | Article |
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search
but also may affect the
reconstruction
of existing memory traces.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3514</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9008371</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPSPB2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Analysis of Variance ; Attitudes ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognition ; Expectations ; Factors ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Human ; Human Information Storage ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Recall ; Motivation ; Psychological Theory ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Recall (Learning) ; Reconstructive memory ; Regression Analysis ; Set (Psychology) ; Social attribution, perception and cognition ; Social cognition ; Social Desirability ; Social psychology</subject><ispartof>Journal of personality and social psychology, 1997-01, Vol.72 (1), p.5-23</ispartof><rights>1997 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Jan 1997</rights><rights>1997, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a466t-cad67f6d909aa0a018a7d437e4c0b8cf32349c9cea48e72986d84e26144bc64f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,4024,27923,27924,27925,30999,31000,33774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2548795$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9008371$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Hugh E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirt, Edward R</creatorcontrib><title>When Expectancy Meets Desire: Motivational Effects in Reconstructive Memory</title><title>Journal of personality and social psychology</title><addtitle>J Pers Soc Psychol</addtitle><description>Two studies investigated the effects of motivational factors on expectancy use in reconstructive memory. Participants were given a target's midterm grades for later recall; expectancies about the target's future performance were then manipulated. Participants' desires to see their expectancies confirmed were manipulated by making the target likable or unlikable. The authors hypothesized that when expectancy and liking "matched," participants would give significant weight to their expectancies at retrieval, resulting in expectancy-congruent distortion of the midterm grades. However, when expectancy and liking were "mismatched," expectancies would be discounted, and participants would show little or no expectancy-congruent distortion. Results supported these predictions. Study 2 varied the order of the expectancy and liking information. Order affected the process by which mismatch participants discounted their expectancies. Results demonstrate that motivations not only may bias memory
search
but also may affect the
reconstruction
of existing memory traces.</description><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Expectations</subject><subject>Factors</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Information Storage</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental Recall</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Psychological Theory</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Recall (Learning)</subject><subject>Reconstructive memory</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Set (Psychology)</subject><subject>Social attribution, perception and cognition</subject><subject>Social cognition</subject><subject>Social Desirability</subject><subject>Social psychology</subject><issn>0022-3514</issn><issn>1939-1315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtLAzEUhYMotT72LhSKiLupN4_JYyn1CYobxWVIM3dwyrQdkxmw_94M1goudJXF-e7JPfcQckRhTIGrCwDGMp5TMVZsTMf5FhlSw01GOc23yXAj75K9GGcAIHLGBmRgADRXdEiOX99wMbr-aNC3buFXo0fENo6uMFYBD8hO6eqIh-t3n7zcXD9P7rKHp9v7yeVD5oSUbeZdIVUpCwPGOXBAtVOF4AqFh6n2JWdcGG88OqFRMaNloQUySYWYeilKvk_Ov3ybsHzvMLZ2XkWPde0WuOyiVVqnsFL8C-ZKJn9p_gW5Ac4U6x1Pf4GzZRcWKa1N-_F0Rir_ghgYnQJDniD4gnxYxhiwtE2o5i6sLAXbl2X7NmzfhlXMUtuPnKx9u-kci83Aup2kn611F72ry5AaquIGY7nQyuQ_67nG2SauvAtt5WtMZGy-__oEqs2jWg</recordid><startdate>199701</startdate><enddate>199701</enddate><creator>McDonald, Hugh E</creator><creator>Hirt, Edward R</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199701</creationdate><title>When Expectancy Meets Desire</title><author>McDonald, Hugh E ; Hirt, Edward R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a466t-cad67f6d909aa0a018a7d437e4c0b8cf32349c9cea48e72986d84e26144bc64f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Attitudes</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Expectations</topic><topic>Factors</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Human Information Storage</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Mental Recall</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Psychological Theory</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Recall (Learning)</topic><topic>Reconstructive memory</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Set (Psychology)</topic><topic>Social attribution, perception and cognition</topic><topic>Social cognition</topic><topic>Social Desirability</topic><topic>Social psychology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Hugh E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirt, Edward R</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of personality and social psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>McDonald, Hugh E</au><au>Hirt, Edward R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>When Expectancy Meets Desire: Motivational Effects in Reconstructive Memory</atitle><jtitle>Journal of personality and social psychology</jtitle><addtitle>J Pers Soc Psychol</addtitle><date>1997-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>5</spage><epage>23</epage><pages>5-23</pages><issn>0022-3514</issn><eissn>1939-1315</eissn><coden>JPSPB2</coden><abstract>Two studies investigated the effects of motivational factors on expectancy use in reconstructive memory. 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search
but also may affect the
reconstruction
of existing memory traces.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>9008371</pmid><doi>10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.5</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis of Variance Attitudes Biological and medical sciences Cognition Expectations Factors Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Human Information Storage Humans Male Memory Mental Recall Motivation Psychological Theory Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Recall (Learning) Reconstructive memory Regression Analysis Set (Psychology) Social attribution, perception and cognition Social cognition Social Desirability Social psychology |
| title | When Expectancy Meets Desire: Motivational Effects in Reconstructive Memory |
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