A Comparison of Two Control-Display Gain Measures for Head-Controlled Computer Input Devices
We compared two gain measures: One, defined as angle/angle (A/A) gain, is the ratio between the angle subtended by displacement of the cursor and the corresponding angle of head extension/flexion or rotation. The alternative measure, defined as displacement/angle (D/A) gain, is the ratio between the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human factors 1996-09, Vol.38 (3), p.390-403 |
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| creator | Schaab, John A. Radwin, Robert G. Vanderheiden, Gregg C. Hansen, Per Krogh |
| description | We compared two gain measures: One, defined as angle/angle (A/A) gain, is the ratio between the angle subtended by displacement of the cursor and the corresponding angle of head extension/flexion or rotation. The alternative measure, defined as displacement/angle (D/A) gain, is the ratio between the linear displacement of the cursor on the screen and the corresponding angle of head extension/ flexion or rotation. A discrete target acquisition task using circular targets was used to compare control-display gain measures. Operator performance was evaluated for three viewing distances and three gain settings of each measure. Average movement time and root mean squared (RMS) cursor deviation from a straight line path increased as viewing distance increased for AlA gain settings 0.75 and 1.0. That no significant distance effect was observed for any of the D/A gain settings indicated that it might be more suitable to fix D/A gain rather than AlA gain for head-controlled computer input devices. Minimum movement time occurred for D/A gain settings of 0.5 cm/° and 0.67 cm/° One explanation for the observed insensitivity of performance to changes in viewing distance with a fixed D/A gain may be that both angular head movement and the accompanying kinesthetic feedback do not change for a specified cursor displacement as viewing distance is changed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1518/001872096778702042 |
| format | Article |
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The alternative measure, defined as displacement/angle (D/A) gain, is the ratio between the linear displacement of the cursor on the screen and the corresponding angle of head extension/ flexion or rotation. A discrete target acquisition task using circular targets was used to compare control-display gain measures. Operator performance was evaluated for three viewing distances and three gain settings of each measure. Average movement time and root mean squared (RMS) cursor deviation from a straight line path increased as viewing distance increased for AlA gain settings 0.75 and 1.0. That no significant distance effect was observed for any of the D/A gain settings indicated that it might be more suitable to fix D/A gain rather than AlA gain for head-controlled computer input devices. Minimum movement time occurred for D/A gain settings of 0.5 cm/° and 0.67 cm/° One explanation for the observed insensitivity of performance to changes in viewing distance with a fixed D/A gain may be that both angular head movement and the accompanying kinesthetic feedback do not change for a specified cursor displacement as viewing distance is changed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-7208</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1547-8181</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1518/001872096778702042</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8865765</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HUFAA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Comparative analysis ; Computer interfaces ; Computer peripherals ; Displacement ; Ergonomics - instrumentation ; Ergonomics. Human factors ; Evaluation ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Head ; Head movement ; Head Movements - physiology ; Human-computer interaction ; Humans ; I/O devices ; Input devices ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Linear Models ; Male ; Occupational psychology ; Operator performance ; Physiological aspects ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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The alternative measure, defined as displacement/angle (D/A) gain, is the ratio between the linear displacement of the cursor on the screen and the corresponding angle of head extension/ flexion or rotation. A discrete target acquisition task using circular targets was used to compare control-display gain measures. Operator performance was evaluated for three viewing distances and three gain settings of each measure. Average movement time and root mean squared (RMS) cursor deviation from a straight line path increased as viewing distance increased for AlA gain settings 0.75 and 1.0. That no significant distance effect was observed for any of the D/A gain settings indicated that it might be more suitable to fix D/A gain rather than AlA gain for head-controlled computer input devices. Minimum movement time occurred for D/A gain settings of 0.5 cm/° and 0.67 cm/° One explanation for the observed insensitivity of performance to changes in viewing distance with a fixed D/A gain may be that both angular head movement and the accompanying kinesthetic feedback do not change for a specified cursor displacement as viewing distance is changed.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Computer interfaces</subject><subject>Computer peripherals</subject><subject>Displacement</subject><subject>Ergonomics - instrumentation</subject><subject>Ergonomics. Human factors</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Head</subject><subject>Head movement</subject><subject>Head Movements - physiology</subject><subject>Human-computer interaction</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>I/O devices</subject><subject>Input devices</subject><subject>Least-Squares Analysis</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Occupational psychology</subject><subject>Operator performance</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Self-Help Devices</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Target acquisition</subject><subject>User-Computer Interface</subject><subject>Viewing</subject><issn>0018-7208</issn><issn>1547-8181</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0l9rFDEQAPAgSr1Wv4AgLCo-uTZ_Npvs43HVtlDxpb4Jy1x2cqTsJWeyW-m3N9tbStETJQ-BzC8TMjOEvGL0I5NMn1LKtOK0qZXSinJa8SdkwWSlSs00e0oWEyiz0M_JcUo3lNK6EfKIHGldS1XLBfm-LFZhu4PoUvBFsMX1z5BP_BBDX565tOvhrjgH54svCGmMmAobYnGB0JUz67G7zzEOGItLn_fiDG-dwfSCPLPQJ3w57yfk2-dP16uL8urr-eVqeVUaKZuhrK1thKHSokZDUXPJmjVQrbDrQHcoG4ZMCF5p3umKUgCxVtNCiUzRTpyQ9_u8uxh-jJiGduuSwb4Hj2FMrdKVyBWh_4RMalFrwf8DZqZZneHb3-BNGKPPv21ZU2dRcTGpN3u1gR5b520YIpgpZbtkDeW5f01GHw6gDXqM0AeP1uXjx7w8wPPqcOvMIc_33sSQUkTb7qLbQrxrGW2ncWr_HKd86fX8vXG9xe7hyjw_Of5ujkMy0NsI3rj0wHLPBJMis9M9S7DBRxX6-8O_AMIp258</recordid><startdate>19960901</startdate><enddate>19960901</enddate><creator>Schaab, John A.</creator><creator>Radwin, Robert G.</creator><creator>Vanderheiden, Gregg C.</creator><creator>Hansen, Per Krogh</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Human Factors and Ergonomics Society</general><general>Sage Publications, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960901</creationdate><title>A Comparison of Two Control-Display Gain Measures for Head-Controlled Computer Input Devices</title><author>Schaab, John A. ; Radwin, Robert G. ; Vanderheiden, Gregg C. ; Hansen, Per Krogh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c559t-6ff93c05fe8ec0e82519ba087edda8de591e1332482d8400aa3b7b7b7e5e170d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Computer interfaces</topic><topic>Computer peripherals</topic><topic>Displacement</topic><topic>Ergonomics - instrumentation</topic><topic>Ergonomics. Human factors</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Head</topic><topic>Head movement</topic><topic>Head Movements - physiology</topic><topic>Human-computer interaction</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>I/O devices</topic><topic>Input devices</topic><topic>Least-Squares Analysis</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Occupational psychology</topic><topic>Operator performance</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Self-Help Devices</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Target acquisition</topic><topic>User-Computer Interface</topic><topic>Viewing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schaab, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radwin, Robert G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vanderheiden, Gregg C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansen, Per Krogh</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Human factors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schaab, John A.</au><au>Radwin, Robert G.</au><au>Vanderheiden, Gregg C.</au><au>Hansen, Per Krogh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Comparison of Two Control-Display Gain Measures for Head-Controlled Computer Input Devices</atitle><jtitle>Human factors</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Factors</addtitle><date>1996-09-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>390</spage><epage>403</epage><pages>390-403</pages><issn>0018-7208</issn><eissn>1547-8181</eissn><coden>HUFAA6</coden><abstract>We compared two gain measures: One, defined as angle/angle (A/A) gain, is the ratio between the angle subtended by displacement of the cursor and the corresponding angle of head extension/flexion or rotation. The alternative measure, defined as displacement/angle (D/A) gain, is the ratio between the linear displacement of the cursor on the screen and the corresponding angle of head extension/ flexion or rotation. A discrete target acquisition task using circular targets was used to compare control-display gain measures. Operator performance was evaluated for three viewing distances and three gain settings of each measure. Average movement time and root mean squared (RMS) cursor deviation from a straight line path increased as viewing distance increased for AlA gain settings 0.75 and 1.0. That no significant distance effect was observed for any of the D/A gain settings indicated that it might be more suitable to fix D/A gain rather than AlA gain for head-controlled computer input devices. Minimum movement time occurred for D/A gain settings of 0.5 cm/° and 0.67 cm/° One explanation for the observed insensitivity of performance to changes in viewing distance with a fixed D/A gain may be that both angular head movement and the accompanying kinesthetic feedback do not change for a specified cursor displacement as viewing distance is changed.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>8865765</pmid><doi>10.1518/001872096778702042</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Analysis Biological and medical sciences Comparative analysis Computer interfaces Computer peripherals Displacement Ergonomics - instrumentation Ergonomics. Human factors Evaluation Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Head Head movement Head Movements - physiology Human-computer interaction Humans I/O devices Input devices Least-Squares Analysis Linear Models Male Occupational psychology Operator performance Physiological aspects Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Self-Help Devices Space life sciences Target acquisition User-Computer Interface Viewing |
| title | A Comparison of Two Control-Display Gain Measures for Head-Controlled Computer Input Devices |
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