Arachidonate and Docosahexaenoate Added to Infant Formula Influence Fatty Acid Composition and Subsequent Eicosanoid Production in Neonatal Pigs
As natural components of human milk, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids play important roles in neonatal development; thus, addition of these fatty acids to infant formula has been suggested. This study examined the effects of supplementation of infant formula with microbial sources of either ara...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of nutrition 1996-09, Vol.126 (9), p.2199-2208 |
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| description | As natural components of human milk, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids play important roles in neonatal development; thus, addition of these fatty acids to infant formula has been suggested. This study examined the effects of supplementation of infant formula with microbial sources of either arachidonate or docosahexaenoate or both on accretion of these fatty acids in phospholipids and subsequent modulation of eicosanoid production in neonatal pig lung. One-day-old piglets received for 25 d one of four diets (n = 5): 1) standard diet containing a fat blend similar to that of conventional infant formula, 2) diet containing 0.9 g/100 g of total fatty acids as archidonate, 3) diet containing 0.7 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate, or 4) a diet containing both 1.0 g/100 g as arachidonate and 0.8 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate. Arachidonate supplementation resulted in 30–60% significantly greater arachidonate in lung phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In phosphatidylinositol, however, arachidonate was resistant to dietary manipulation. Accretion of docosahexaenoate in all three phospholipid classes was 2.6- to 4.7-fold greater in docosahexaenoate-supplemented groups than in the standard group. Inclusion of arachidonate in the diet augmented both prostacyclin and thromboxane production by 25 to 35%. Docosahexaenoate supplementation resulted in the least eicosanoid production among the treatments, and significant suppression was observed for thromboxane when supplementation with both fatty acids was compared with supplementation with arachidonate alone. Thus, dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations only slightly greater than those found in human milk tended to exercise opposing effects on lung eicosanoid production. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jn/126.9.2199 |
| format | Article |
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This study examined the effects of supplementation of infant formula with microbial sources of either arachidonate or docosahexaenoate or both on accretion of these fatty acids in phospholipids and subsequent modulation of eicosanoid production in neonatal pig lung. One-day-old piglets received for 25 d one of four diets (n = 5): 1) standard diet containing a fat blend similar to that of conventional infant formula, 2) diet containing 0.9 g/100 g of total fatty acids as archidonate, 3) diet containing 0.7 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate, or 4) a diet containing both 1.0 g/100 g as arachidonate and 0.8 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate. Arachidonate supplementation resulted in 30–60% significantly greater arachidonate in lung phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In phosphatidylinositol, however, arachidonate was resistant to dietary manipulation. Accretion of docosahexaenoate in all three phospholipid classes was 2.6- to 4.7-fold greater in docosahexaenoate-supplemented groups than in the standard group. Inclusion of arachidonate in the diet augmented both prostacyclin and thromboxane production by 25 to 35%. Docosahexaenoate supplementation resulted in the least eicosanoid production among the treatments, and significant suppression was observed for thromboxane when supplementation with both fatty acids was compared with supplementation with arachidonate alone. Thus, dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations only slightly greater than those found in human milk tended to exercise opposing effects on lung eicosanoid production.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3166</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-6100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jn/126.9.2199</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8814208</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JONUAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>ACIDE ARACHIDONIQUE ; ACIDE GRAS INSATURE ; ACIDO ARAQUIDONICO ; ACIDOS GRASOS INSATURADOS ; ALIMENT POUR NOURRISSON ; ALIMENTOS PARA NINOS ; ANIMAL MODELS ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn - metabolism ; ARACHIDONIC ACID ; Arachidonic Acids - administration & dosage ; Arachidonic Acids - analysis ; Arachidonic Acids - pharmacology ; Baby foods ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Weight - physiology ; CEFALINAS ; CEPHALINE ; CEPHALINS ; COMPLEMENT ALIMENTAIRE ; DIET ; DIETA ; docosahexaenoic acid ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - analysis ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - pharmacology ; DOCOSENOIC ACIDS ; DOSAGE EFFECTS ; EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION ; EFFET DOSE ; eicosanoid ; Eicosanoids - analysis ; Eicosanoids - biosynthesis ; Epoprostenol - metabolism ; EXPERIMENTACION ; EXPERIMENTATION ; Fatty Acids - analysis ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Food industries ; FOSFOLIPIDOS ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hogs ; Humans ; Infant Food - analysis ; Infant Food - standards ; INFANT FOODS ; infant formula ; Infant, Newborn ; LECITHINE ; LECITHINS ; LECITINAS ; LIPIDE ; LIPIDOS ; LIPIDS ; Lung - chemistry ; Lung - metabolism ; LUNGS ; Male ; MODELE ANIMAL ; MODELOS ANIMALES ; OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ; OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS ; PHOSPHATIDE ; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES ; Phosphatidylcholines - analysis ; Phosphatidylcholines - metabolism ; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES ; Phosphatidylethanolamines - analysis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines - metabolism ; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS ; PHOSPHOLIPIDS ; Phosphorus - chemistry ; piglets ; POUMON ; PULMONES ; REGIME ALIMENTAIRE ; Research and development. New food products, dietetic foods and beverages ; SUPLEMENTOS ; SUPPLEMENTS ; Swine - metabolism ; THROMBOXANES ; Thromboxanes - metabolism ; UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><ispartof>The Journal of nutrition, 1996-09, Vol.126 (9), p.2199-2208</ispartof><rights>1996 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>1996 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Institute of Nutrition Sep 1996</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-a5065f5637c468e23b64f4916d8e1bc37588b53df10ec918a26e1a25a82d234c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-a5065f5637c468e23b64f4916d8e1bc37588b53df10ec918a26e1a25a82d234c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3233445$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8814208$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huang, Meng-Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Craig-Schmidt, Margaret C.</creatorcontrib><title>Arachidonate and Docosahexaenoate Added to Infant Formula Influence Fatty Acid Composition and Subsequent Eicosanoid Production in Neonatal Pigs</title><title>The Journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><description>As natural components of human milk, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids play important roles in neonatal development; thus, addition of these fatty acids to infant formula has been suggested. This study examined the effects of supplementation of infant formula with microbial sources of either arachidonate or docosahexaenoate or both on accretion of these fatty acids in phospholipids and subsequent modulation of eicosanoid production in neonatal pig lung. One-day-old piglets received for 25 d one of four diets (n = 5): 1) standard diet containing a fat blend similar to that of conventional infant formula, 2) diet containing 0.9 g/100 g of total fatty acids as archidonate, 3) diet containing 0.7 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate, or 4) a diet containing both 1.0 g/100 g as arachidonate and 0.8 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate. Arachidonate supplementation resulted in 30–60% significantly greater arachidonate in lung phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In phosphatidylinositol, however, arachidonate was resistant to dietary manipulation. Accretion of docosahexaenoate in all three phospholipid classes was 2.6- to 4.7-fold greater in docosahexaenoate-supplemented groups than in the standard group. Inclusion of arachidonate in the diet augmented both prostacyclin and thromboxane production by 25 to 35%. Docosahexaenoate supplementation resulted in the least eicosanoid production among the treatments, and significant suppression was observed for thromboxane when supplementation with both fatty acids was compared with supplementation with arachidonate alone. Thus, dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations only slightly greater than those found in human milk tended to exercise opposing effects on lung eicosanoid production.</description><subject>ACIDE ARACHIDONIQUE</subject><subject>ACIDE GRAS INSATURE</subject><subject>ACIDO ARAQUIDONICO</subject><subject>ACIDOS GRASOS INSATURADOS</subject><subject>ALIMENT POUR NOURRISSON</subject><subject>ALIMENTOS PARA NINOS</subject><subject>ANIMAL MODELS</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn - metabolism</subject><subject>ARACHIDONIC ACID</subject><subject>Arachidonic Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Arachidonic Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Arachidonic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Baby foods</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Weight - physiology</subject><subject>CEFALINAS</subject><subject>CEPHALINE</subject><subject>CEPHALINS</subject><subject>COMPLEMENT ALIMENTAIRE</subject><subject>DIET</subject><subject>DIETA</subject><subject>docosahexaenoic acid</subject><subject>Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Docosahexaenoic Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Docosahexaenoic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>DOCOSENOIC ACIDS</subject><subject>DOSAGE EFFECTS</subject><subject>EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION</subject><subject>EFFET DOSE</subject><subject>eicosanoid</subject><subject>Eicosanoids - analysis</subject><subject>Eicosanoids - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Epoprostenol - metabolism</subject><subject>EXPERIMENTACION</subject><subject>EXPERIMENTATION</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>FOSFOLIPIDOS</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant Food - analysis</subject><subject>Infant Food - standards</subject><subject>INFANT FOODS</subject><subject>infant formula</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>LECITHINE</subject><subject>LECITHINS</subject><subject>LECITINAS</subject><subject>LIPIDE</subject><subject>LIPIDOS</subject><subject>LIPIDS</subject><subject>Lung - chemistry</subject><subject>Lung - metabolism</subject><subject>LUNGS</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MODELE ANIMAL</subject><subject>MODELOS ANIMALES</subject><subject>OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS</subject><subject>OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS</subject><subject>PHOSPHATIDE</subject><subject>PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES</subject><subject>Phosphatidylcholines - analysis</subject><subject>Phosphatidylcholines - metabolism</subject><subject>PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES</subject><subject>Phosphatidylethanolamines - analysis</subject><subject>Phosphatidylethanolamines - metabolism</subject><subject>PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS</subject><subject>PHOSPHOLIPIDS</subject><subject>Phosphorus - chemistry</subject><subject>piglets</subject><subject>POUMON</subject><subject>PULMONES</subject><subject>REGIME ALIMENTAIRE</subject><subject>Research and development. New food products, dietetic foods and beverages</subject><subject>SUPLEMENTOS</subject><subject>SUPPLEMENTS</subject><subject>Swine - metabolism</subject><subject>THROMBOXANES</subject><subject>Thromboxanes - metabolism</subject><subject>UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><issn>0022-3166</issn><issn>1541-6100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kV1rFDEUhgdRaq1eeikEEe9mm-9JLpe1q4WihdrrcDbJtFlmkzWZEfsv_MlmuksFwauQvA9PDudtmrcELwjW7HwbzwmVC72gROtnzSkRnLSSYPy8OcWY0pYRKV82r0rZYowJ1-qkOVGKcIrVafN7mcHeB5cijB5BdOhTsqnAvf8FPqb5cemcd2hM6DL2EEe0Tnk3DTBfh8lH69EaxvEBLW1waJV2-1TCGFJ8tN1Mm-J_VGxEF2EWx1Sp65zcZB-hENFXP_8OA7oOd-V186KHofg3x_OsuV1ffF99aa--fb5cLa9aywUbWxBYil5I1lkuladsI3nPNZFOebKxrBNKbQRzPcHeaqKASk-AClDUUcYtO2s-Hrz7nOp8ZTS7UKwfBog-TcV0ijEthajg-3_AbZpyrLMZojtONeGyQu0BsjmVkn1v9jnsID8Ygs1ck9lGU2sy2sw1Vf7dUTptdt490cdeav7hmEOxMPQZog3lCWOUMc7FX00PycBdrsjtTfV3WHSE45p3h9zXTf4MPptiw1yZC9nb0bgU_jPgHxOHtog</recordid><startdate>19960901</startdate><enddate>19960901</enddate><creator>Huang, Meng-Chuan</creator><creator>Craig-Schmidt, Margaret C.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>American Society for Nutritional Sciences</general><general>American Institute of Nutrition</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960901</creationdate><title>Arachidonate and Docosahexaenoate Added to Infant Formula Influence Fatty Acid Composition and Subsequent Eicosanoid Production in Neonatal Pigs</title><author>Huang, Meng-Chuan ; Craig-Schmidt, Margaret C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-a5065f5637c468e23b64f4916d8e1bc37588b53df10ec918a26e1a25a82d234c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>ACIDE ARACHIDONIQUE</topic><topic>ACIDE GRAS INSATURE</topic><topic>ACIDO ARAQUIDONICO</topic><topic>ACIDOS GRASOS INSATURADOS</topic><topic>ALIMENT POUR NOURRISSON</topic><topic>ALIMENTOS PARA NINOS</topic><topic>ANIMAL MODELS</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn - metabolism</topic><topic>ARACHIDONIC ACID</topic><topic>Arachidonic Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Arachidonic Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Arachidonic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Baby foods</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Weight - physiology</topic><topic>CEFALINAS</topic><topic>CEPHALINE</topic><topic>CEPHALINS</topic><topic>COMPLEMENT ALIMENTAIRE</topic><topic>DIET</topic><topic>DIETA</topic><topic>docosahexaenoic acid</topic><topic>Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Docosahexaenoic Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Docosahexaenoic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>DOCOSENOIC ACIDS</topic><topic>DOSAGE EFFECTS</topic><topic>EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION</topic><topic>EFFET DOSE</topic><topic>eicosanoid</topic><topic>Eicosanoids - analysis</topic><topic>Eicosanoids - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Epoprostenol - metabolism</topic><topic>EXPERIMENTACION</topic><topic>EXPERIMENTATION</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - analysis</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>FOSFOLIPIDOS</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hogs</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant Food - analysis</topic><topic>Infant Food - standards</topic><topic>INFANT FOODS</topic><topic>infant formula</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>LECITHINE</topic><topic>LECITHINS</topic><topic>LECITINAS</topic><topic>LIPIDE</topic><topic>LIPIDOS</topic><topic>LIPIDS</topic><topic>Lung - chemistry</topic><topic>Lung - metabolism</topic><topic>LUNGS</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MODELE ANIMAL</topic><topic>MODELOS ANIMALES</topic><topic>OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS</topic><topic>OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS</topic><topic>PHOSPHATIDE</topic><topic>PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES</topic><topic>Phosphatidylcholines - analysis</topic><topic>Phosphatidylcholines - metabolism</topic><topic>PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES</topic><topic>Phosphatidylethanolamines - analysis</topic><topic>Phosphatidylethanolamines - metabolism</topic><topic>PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS</topic><topic>PHOSPHOLIPIDS</topic><topic>Phosphorus - chemistry</topic><topic>piglets</topic><topic>POUMON</topic><topic>PULMONES</topic><topic>REGIME ALIMENTAIRE</topic><topic>Research and development. New food products, dietetic foods and beverages</topic><topic>SUPLEMENTOS</topic><topic>SUPPLEMENTS</topic><topic>Swine - metabolism</topic><topic>THROMBOXANES</topic><topic>Thromboxanes - metabolism</topic><topic>UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huang, Meng-Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Craig-Schmidt, Margaret C.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Meng-Chuan</au><au>Craig-Schmidt, Margaret C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Arachidonate and Docosahexaenoate Added to Infant Formula Influence Fatty Acid Composition and Subsequent Eicosanoid Production in Neonatal Pigs</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><date>1996-09-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>126</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2199</spage><epage>2208</epage><pages>2199-2208</pages><issn>0022-3166</issn><eissn>1541-6100</eissn><coden>JONUAI</coden><abstract>As natural components of human milk, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids play important roles in neonatal development; thus, addition of these fatty acids to infant formula has been suggested. This study examined the effects of supplementation of infant formula with microbial sources of either arachidonate or docosahexaenoate or both on accretion of these fatty acids in phospholipids and subsequent modulation of eicosanoid production in neonatal pig lung. One-day-old piglets received for 25 d one of four diets (n = 5): 1) standard diet containing a fat blend similar to that of conventional infant formula, 2) diet containing 0.9 g/100 g of total fatty acids as archidonate, 3) diet containing 0.7 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate, or 4) a diet containing both 1.0 g/100 g as arachidonate and 0.8 g/100 g as docosahexaenoate. Arachidonate supplementation resulted in 30–60% significantly greater arachidonate in lung phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In phosphatidylinositol, however, arachidonate was resistant to dietary manipulation. Accretion of docosahexaenoate in all three phospholipid classes was 2.6- to 4.7-fold greater in docosahexaenoate-supplemented groups than in the standard group. Inclusion of arachidonate in the diet augmented both prostacyclin and thromboxane production by 25 to 35%. Docosahexaenoate supplementation resulted in the least eicosanoid production among the treatments, and significant suppression was observed for thromboxane when supplementation with both fatty acids was compared with supplementation with arachidonate alone. Thus, dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at concentrations only slightly greater than those found in human milk tended to exercise opposing effects on lung eicosanoid production.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>8814208</pmid><doi>10.1093/jn/126.9.2199</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-3166 |
| ispartof | The Journal of nutrition, 1996-09, Vol.126 (9), p.2199-2208 |
| issn | 0022-3166 1541-6100 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78339655 |
| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | ACIDE ARACHIDONIQUE ACIDE GRAS INSATURE ACIDO ARAQUIDONICO ACIDOS GRASOS INSATURADOS ALIMENT POUR NOURRISSON ALIMENTOS PARA NINOS ANIMAL MODELS Animals Animals, Newborn - metabolism ARACHIDONIC ACID Arachidonic Acids - administration & dosage Arachidonic Acids - analysis Arachidonic Acids - pharmacology Baby foods Biological and medical sciences Body Weight - physiology CEFALINAS CEPHALINE CEPHALINS COMPLEMENT ALIMENTAIRE DIET DIETA docosahexaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage Docosahexaenoic Acids - analysis Docosahexaenoic Acids - pharmacology DOCOSENOIC ACIDS DOSAGE EFFECTS EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION EFFET DOSE eicosanoid Eicosanoids - analysis Eicosanoids - biosynthesis Epoprostenol - metabolism EXPERIMENTACION EXPERIMENTATION Fatty Acids - analysis Feeding. Feeding behavior Food industries FOSFOLIPIDOS Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hogs Humans Infant Food - analysis Infant Food - standards INFANT FOODS infant formula Infant, Newborn LECITHINE LECITHINS LECITINAS LIPIDE LIPIDOS LIPIDS Lung - chemistry Lung - metabolism LUNGS Male MODELE ANIMAL MODELOS ANIMALES OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS PHOSPHATIDE PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES Phosphatidylcholines - analysis Phosphatidylcholines - metabolism PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES Phosphatidylethanolamines - analysis Phosphatidylethanolamines - metabolism PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS PHOSPHOLIPIDS Phosphorus - chemistry piglets POUMON PULMONES REGIME ALIMENTAIRE Research and development. New food products, dietetic foods and beverages SUPLEMENTOS SUPPLEMENTS Swine - metabolism THROMBOXANES Thromboxanes - metabolism UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| title | Arachidonate and Docosahexaenoate Added to Infant Formula Influence Fatty Acid Composition and Subsequent Eicosanoid Production in Neonatal Pigs |
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