Follow-up of men in the recovery period immediately after the cessation of gossypol treatment

Variables in 46 men who had stopped taking gossypol in two centres in China were investigated for their predictive association with the degree and time of recovery of spermatogenesis. Thirty-nine (87%) were azoospermic at cessation of gossypol treatment. In those with sperm present the geometric mean concentration and total sperm count were 8.3 × 10 6/ ml and 30.7 × 10 6, respectively. Twenty-eight (61%) recovered to a defined threshold spermatogenic function (sperm concentration $ ̆ 20 × 10 6/ml ), with median recovery time 1.1 years. However, 18 men (39%) had not recovered after a median follow-up of 1.9 years and, of these, 10 (22%) remained azoospermic. The failure of recovery was strongly associated with longer treatment, greater total dose of gossypol, smaller testicular volume, elevated FSH concentrations and, to a lesser extent, with greater body weight.