On the Mechanisms of Plasticity in Young and Older Adults After Instruction in the Method of Loci: Evidence for an Amplification Model
A meta-analytic review of the literature points out that young adults benefit more from instruction in mnemonic techniques than do older adults. In a study on memory plasticity after instruction in the method of loci, it was found that the cognitive mechanisms of plasticity in young and older adults...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychology and aging 1996-03, Vol.11 (1), p.164-178 |
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| container_title | Psychology and aging |
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| creator | Verhaeghen, Paul Marcoen, Alfons |
| description | A meta-analytic review of the literature points out that young adults benefit more from instruction in mnemonic techniques than do older adults. In a study on memory plasticity after instruction in the method of loci, it was found that the cognitive mechanisms of plasticity in young and older adults are largely identical, with the age-related variables of speed of mental operations, associative memory, and number of list rehearsals as the core influences on plasticity. The data fit an amplification model of plasticity, in which variables positively associated with pretest performance and negatively associated with age are positively related to plasticity. Also, older adults were found to comply less with instructions, and when complying, to apply the method of loci correctly less often. Noncompliance, incorrect strategy use, and amplification might explain the adult age differences in treatment gain after instruction in a mnemonic technique. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0882-7974.11.1.164 |
| format | Article |
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In a study on memory plasticity after instruction in the method of loci, it was found that the cognitive mechanisms of plasticity in young and older adults are largely identical, with the age-related variables of speed of mental operations, associative memory, and number of list rehearsals as the core influences on plasticity. The data fit an amplification model of plasticity, in which variables positively associated with pretest performance and negatively associated with age are positively related to plasticity. Also, older adults were found to comply less with instructions, and when complying, to apply the method of loci correctly less often. Noncompliance, incorrect strategy use, and amplification might explain the adult age differences in treatment gain after instruction in a mnemonic technique.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult. Elderly</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging - psychology</subject><subject>Aptitude</subject><subject>Association Learning</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mechanisms</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental Recall</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mnemonic Learning</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Plasticity</subject><subject>Practice (Psychology)</subject><subject>Problem Solving</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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| ispartof | Psychology and aging, 1996-03, Vol.11 (1), p.164-178 |
| issn | 0882-7974 1939-1498 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult. Elderly Age Differences Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - psychology Aptitude Association Learning Biological and medical sciences Developmental psychology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Male Mechanisms Memory Mental Recall Middle Aged Mnemonic Learning Neuropsychological Tests Older people Plasticity Practice (Psychology) Problem Solving Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reaction Time Training Verbal Learning |
| title | On the Mechanisms of Plasticity in Young and Older Adults After Instruction in the Method of Loci: Evidence for an Amplification Model |
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