Within Germinal Centers, Isotype Switching of Immunoglobulin Genes Occurs after the Onset of Somatic Mutation
Human tonsillar B cells were separated into naive IgD +CD38 −CD23 − (Bm1) and IgD +CD38 −CD23 + (Bm2), germinal center IgD −CD38 +CD23 − centroblasts (Bm3) and IgD −CD38 +CD77 − centrocytes (Bm4), and memory IgD −CD38 − (Bm5) subsets. Previous IgV H sequence analysis concluded that the triggering of...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 1996-03, Vol.4 (3), p.241-250 |
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creator | Liu, Yong Jun Malisan, Florence de Bouteiller, Odette Guret, Christiane Lebecque, Serge Banchereau, Jacques Mills, Frederick C Max, Edward E Martinez-Valdez, Héctor |
description | Human tonsillar B cells were separated into naive IgD
+CD38
−CD23
− (Bm1) and IgD
+CD38
−CD23
+ (Bm2), germinal center IgD
−CD38
+CD23
− centroblasts (Bm3) and IgD
−CD38
+CD77
− centrocytes (Bm4), and memory IgD
−CD38
− (Bm5) subsets. Previous IgV
H sequence analysis concluded that the triggering of somatic mutations occurs during the transition from Bm2 subset into the Bm3 subset. To determine the initiation of isotype switching, sterile transcript expression was analyzed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A selective sterile Iγ, Iα, and Iε expression was observed at centrocyte (Bm4) stage, suggesting that isotype switch is triggered within germinal centers, after somatic mutation is initiated within centroblasts (Bm3). Finally, the high level of 5′Sγ–Sμ3′ DNA switching circles observed in germinal center B cells indicates that within human tonsils, germinal center is a major location for isotype switching. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80432-X |
format | Article |
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+CD38
−CD23
− (Bm1) and IgD
+CD38
−CD23
+ (Bm2), germinal center IgD
−CD38
+CD23
− centroblasts (Bm3) and IgD
−CD38
+CD77
− centrocytes (Bm4), and memory IgD
−CD38
− (Bm5) subsets. Previous IgV
H sequence analysis concluded that the triggering of somatic mutations occurs during the transition from Bm2 subset into the Bm3 subset. To determine the initiation of isotype switching, sterile transcript expression was analyzed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A selective sterile Iγ, Iα, and Iε expression was observed at centrocyte (Bm4) stage, suggesting that isotype switch is triggered within germinal centers, after somatic mutation is initiated within centroblasts (Bm3). Finally, the high level of 5′Sγ–Sμ3′ DNA switching circles observed in germinal center B cells indicates that within human tonsils, germinal center is a major location for isotype switching.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1074-7613</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4180</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80432-X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8624814</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>B-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA - analysis ; DNA Damage - immunology ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte - immunology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Germinal Center - chemistry ; Germinal Center - immunology ; Germinal Center - metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching - immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation - immunology ; Palatine Tonsil - immunology ; Sequence Deletion - immunology ; Transcription, Genetic - immunology</subject><ispartof>Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.), 1996-03, Vol.4 (3), p.241-250</ispartof><rights>1996 Cell Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-3773832759d6c62a38f301cb10144ff1df9f56b509e71a91d2524e2b0ebb11fe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-3773832759d6c62a38f301cb10144ff1df9f56b509e71a91d2524e2b0ebb11fe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80432-X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8624814$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yong Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malisan, Florence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Bouteiller, Odette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guret, Christiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebecque, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banchereau, Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mills, Frederick C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Max, Edward E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Valdez, Héctor</creatorcontrib><title>Within Germinal Centers, Isotype Switching of Immunoglobulin Genes Occurs after the Onset of Somatic Mutation</title><title>Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.)</title><addtitle>Immunity</addtitle><description>Human tonsillar B cells were separated into naive IgD
+CD38
−CD23
− (Bm1) and IgD
+CD38
−CD23
+ (Bm2), germinal center IgD
−CD38
+CD23
− centroblasts (Bm3) and IgD
−CD38
+CD77
− centrocytes (Bm4), and memory IgD
−CD38
− (Bm5) subsets. Previous IgV
H sequence analysis concluded that the triggering of somatic mutations occurs during the transition from Bm2 subset into the Bm3 subset. To determine the initiation of isotype switching, sterile transcript expression was analyzed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A selective sterile Iγ, Iα, and Iε expression was observed at centrocyte (Bm4) stage, suggesting that isotype switch is triggered within germinal centers, after somatic mutation is initiated within centroblasts (Bm3). Finally, the high level of 5′Sγ–Sμ3′ DNA switching circles observed in germinal center B cells indicates that within human tonsils, germinal center is a major location for isotype switching.</description><subject>B-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>DNA - analysis</subject><subject>DNA Damage - immunology</subject><subject>Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte - immunology</subject><subject>Genes, Immunoglobulin</subject><subject>Germinal Center - chemistry</subject><subject>Germinal Center - immunology</subject><subject>Germinal Center - metabolism</subject><subject>Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin Class Switching - immunology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Mutation - immunology</subject><subject>Palatine Tonsil - immunology</subject><subject>Sequence Deletion - immunology</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic - immunology</subject><issn>1074-7613</issn><issn>1097-4180</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EKqXwEyr5hEBqYPyR2DkhtKJlpaI9LIjerMQZt0aJvdgOqP-e7Ie49jQjzfPOaN6XkEsGHxiw5uOWgZKVaph4B_BegxS8untGzhm0qpJMw_N9f0Jeklc5_wJgsm7hjJzphkvN5DmZfvry4AO9wTT50I10haFgyld0nWN53CHd_vXFLsg9jY6up2kO8X6M_TweVAEz3Vg7p0w7twhpeUC6CRnLHt_GqSve0m9zWWoMr8kL140Z35zqBflx_eX76mt1u7lZrz7fVrYGWSqhlNCCq7odGtvwTmgngNl--VtK59jgWlc3fQ0tKta1bOA1l8h7wL5nzKG4IG-Pe3cp_p4xFzP5bHEcu4BxzkZp4Eq2-kmQ1VpJofgC1kfQpphzQmd2yU9dejQMzD4Pc8jD7M02AOaQh7lbdJenA3M_4fBfdQpgmX86znGx44_HZLL1GCwOPqEtZoj-iQv_ALIEmrg</recordid><startdate>19960301</startdate><enddate>19960301</enddate><creator>Liu, Yong Jun</creator><creator>Malisan, Florence</creator><creator>de Bouteiller, Odette</creator><creator>Guret, Christiane</creator><creator>Lebecque, Serge</creator><creator>Banchereau, Jacques</creator><creator>Mills, Frederick C</creator><creator>Max, Edward E</creator><creator>Martinez-Valdez, Héctor</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960301</creationdate><title>Within Germinal Centers, Isotype Switching of Immunoglobulin Genes Occurs after the Onset of Somatic Mutation</title><author>Liu, Yong Jun ; Malisan, Florence ; de Bouteiller, Odette ; Guret, Christiane ; Lebecque, Serge ; Banchereau, Jacques ; Mills, Frederick C ; Max, Edward E ; Martinez-Valdez, Héctor</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-3773832759d6c62a38f301cb10144ff1df9f56b509e71a91d2524e2b0ebb11fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>B-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>DNA - analysis</topic><topic>DNA Damage - immunology</topic><topic>Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte - immunology</topic><topic>Genes, Immunoglobulin</topic><topic>Germinal Center - chemistry</topic><topic>Germinal Center - immunology</topic><topic>Germinal Center - metabolism</topic><topic>Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin Class Switching - immunology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Mutation - immunology</topic><topic>Palatine Tonsil - immunology</topic><topic>Sequence Deletion - immunology</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic - immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yong Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malisan, Florence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Bouteiller, Odette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guret, Christiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebecque, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banchereau, Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mills, Frederick C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Max, Edward E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Valdez, Héctor</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Yong Jun</au><au>Malisan, Florence</au><au>de Bouteiller, Odette</au><au>Guret, Christiane</au><au>Lebecque, Serge</au><au>Banchereau, Jacques</au><au>Mills, Frederick C</au><au>Max, Edward E</au><au>Martinez-Valdez, Héctor</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Within Germinal Centers, Isotype Switching of Immunoglobulin Genes Occurs after the Onset of Somatic Mutation</atitle><jtitle>Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.)</jtitle><addtitle>Immunity</addtitle><date>1996-03-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>241</spage><epage>250</epage><pages>241-250</pages><issn>1074-7613</issn><eissn>1097-4180</eissn><abstract>Human tonsillar B cells were separated into naive IgD
+CD38
−CD23
− (Bm1) and IgD
+CD38
−CD23
+ (Bm2), germinal center IgD
−CD38
+CD23
− centroblasts (Bm3) and IgD
−CD38
+CD77
− centrocytes (Bm4), and memory IgD
−CD38
− (Bm5) subsets. Previous IgV
H sequence analysis concluded that the triggering of somatic mutations occurs during the transition from Bm2 subset into the Bm3 subset. To determine the initiation of isotype switching, sterile transcript expression was analyzed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A selective sterile Iγ, Iα, and Iε expression was observed at centrocyte (Bm4) stage, suggesting that isotype switch is triggered within germinal centers, after somatic mutation is initiated within centroblasts (Bm3). Finally, the high level of 5′Sγ–Sμ3′ DNA switching circles observed in germinal center B cells indicates that within human tonsils, germinal center is a major location for isotype switching.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>8624814</pmid><doi>10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80432-X</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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language | eng |
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source | MEDLINE; Cell Press Free Archives; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
subjects | B-Lymphocytes - immunology Base Sequence Cell Line DNA - analysis DNA Damage - immunology Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte - immunology Genes, Immunoglobulin Germinal Center - chemistry Germinal Center - immunology Germinal Center - metabolism Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics Humans Immunoglobulin Class Switching - immunology Molecular Sequence Data Mutation - immunology Palatine Tonsil - immunology Sequence Deletion - immunology Transcription, Genetic - immunology |
title | Within Germinal Centers, Isotype Switching of Immunoglobulin Genes Occurs after the Onset of Somatic Mutation |
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