Tear flow and evaporation in patients with and without dry eye
To evaluate the steady-state tear flow and evaporation from the ocular surface of patients with and without dry eye. Two groups of patients, 21 with dry eye and 34 without dry eye, with similar age distributions were selected by criteria based on tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, meibomian gland loss,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.) Minn.), 1996-04, Vol.103 (4), p.664-669 |
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| container_title | Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.) |
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| creator | MATHERS, W. D DALEY, T. E |
| description | To evaluate the steady-state tear flow and evaporation from the ocular surface of patients with and without dry eye.
Two groups of patients, 21 with dry eye and 34 without dry eye, with similar age distributions were selected by criteria based on tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, meibomian gland loss, and dry eye symptoms and were compared for tear flow, tear volume, percent turnover, and surface evaporation.
Tear flow averaged 0.10 +/- 0.08 microliters/minute in patients with dry eye versus 0.15 +/- 0.12 microliters/minute in patients without dry eye (P = 0.002). Tear volume averaged 2.13+/- 1.3 microliters in patients with dry eye versus 2.23 +/- 2.5 microliters in patients without dry eye (P = not significant) and tear turnover averaged 5.3 +/- 2.9% in patients with dry eye versus 8.2 +/- 4.3% in patients without dry eye (P = 0.019). Evaporation averaged 25 +/- 35 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients with dry eye versus 13 +/- 6 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients without dry eye (P = 0.003).
Measured tear flow was significantly lower than previously determined in patients with and without dry eye. Evaporation was increased in patients with dry eye and accounted for the majority of the tear loss in patients with dry eye. Normal tear osmolarity can be maintained, even with low tear flow, if evaporation is kept within the normal range. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30637-4 |
| format | Article |
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Two groups of patients, 21 with dry eye and 34 without dry eye, with similar age distributions were selected by criteria based on tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, meibomian gland loss, and dry eye symptoms and were compared for tear flow, tear volume, percent turnover, and surface evaporation.
Tear flow averaged 0.10 +/- 0.08 microliters/minute in patients with dry eye versus 0.15 +/- 0.12 microliters/minute in patients without dry eye (P = 0.002). Tear volume averaged 2.13+/- 1.3 microliters in patients with dry eye versus 2.23 +/- 2.5 microliters in patients without dry eye (P = not significant) and tear turnover averaged 5.3 +/- 2.9% in patients with dry eye versus 8.2 +/- 4.3% in patients without dry eye (P = 0.019). Evaporation averaged 25 +/- 35 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients with dry eye versus 13 +/- 6 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients without dry eye (P = 0.003).
Measured tear flow was significantly lower than previously determined in patients with and without dry eye. Evaporation was increased in patients with dry eye and accounted for the majority of the tear loss in patients with dry eye. Normal tear osmolarity can be maintained, even with low tear flow, if evaporation is kept within the normal range.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0161-6420</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1549-4713</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30637-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8618768</identifier><identifier>CODEN: OPHTDG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism ; Female ; Fluorophotometry ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Ophthalmology ; Osmolar Concentration ; Tears - metabolism ; Volatilization</subject><ispartof>Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), 1996-04, Vol.103 (4), p.664-669</ispartof><rights>1996 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-a262ba84c6f2c10d24e6a0a5815dd36b84268151e038368db1748542fd43a4153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-a262ba84c6f2c10d24e6a0a5815dd36b84268151e038368db1748542fd43a4153</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3053850$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8618768$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>MATHERS, W. D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DALEY, T. E</creatorcontrib><title>Tear flow and evaporation in patients with and without dry eye</title><title>Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.)</title><addtitle>Ophthalmology</addtitle><description>To evaluate the steady-state tear flow and evaporation from the ocular surface of patients with and without dry eye.
Two groups of patients, 21 with dry eye and 34 without dry eye, with similar age distributions were selected by criteria based on tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, meibomian gland loss, and dry eye symptoms and were compared for tear flow, tear volume, percent turnover, and surface evaporation.
Tear flow averaged 0.10 +/- 0.08 microliters/minute in patients with dry eye versus 0.15 +/- 0.12 microliters/minute in patients without dry eye (P = 0.002). Tear volume averaged 2.13+/- 1.3 microliters in patients with dry eye versus 2.23 +/- 2.5 microliters in patients without dry eye (P = not significant) and tear turnover averaged 5.3 +/- 2.9% in patients with dry eye versus 8.2 +/- 4.3% in patients without dry eye (P = 0.019). Evaporation averaged 25 +/- 35 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients with dry eye versus 13 +/- 6 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients without dry eye (P = 0.003).
Measured tear flow was significantly lower than previously determined in patients with and without dry eye. Evaporation was increased in patients with dry eye and accounted for the majority of the tear loss in patients with dry eye. Normal tear osmolarity can be maintained, even with low tear flow, if evaporation is kept within the normal range.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluorophotometry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Osmolar Concentration</subject><subject>Tears - metabolism</subject><subject>Volatilization</subject><issn>0161-6420</issn><issn>1549-4713</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kN9LwzAQx4Moc07_hEEeRPShmvSSa_YiyPAXDHxwPoe0SbHStTVpHf3v7bayl7sv3Ofu4EPInLN7zjg-fA6FRyhidrvAO2AISSROyJRLsYhEwuGUTI_IObkI4YcxhghiQiYKuUpQTcnj2hlP87LeUlNZ6v5MU3vTFnVFi4o2Q3JVG-i2aL_3wC7UXUut76nr3SU5y00Z3NXYZ-Tr5Xm9fItWH6_vy6dVlAFAG5kY49QokWEeZ5zZWDg0zEjFpbWAqRIxDpk7BgpQ2ZQnQkkR51aAEVzCjNwc7ja-_u1caPWmCJkrS1O5ugs6UYwnCbIBlAcw83UI3uW68cXG-F5zpnfe9N6b3knRC9R7b1oMe_PxQZdunD1ujaKG-fU4NyEzZe5NlRXhiAGToCSDf0g8c5c</recordid><startdate>19960401</startdate><enddate>19960401</enddate><creator>MATHERS, W. D</creator><creator>DALEY, T. E</creator><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960401</creationdate><title>Tear flow and evaporation in patients with and without dry eye</title><author>MATHERS, W. D ; DALEY, T. E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-a262ba84c6f2c10d24e6a0a5815dd36b84268151e038368db1748542fd43a4153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fluorophotometry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Osmolar Concentration</topic><topic>Tears - metabolism</topic><topic>Volatilization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MATHERS, W. D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DALEY, T. E</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MATHERS, W. D</au><au>DALEY, T. E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tear flow and evaporation in patients with and without dry eye</atitle><jtitle>Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.)</jtitle><addtitle>Ophthalmology</addtitle><date>1996-04-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>664</spage><epage>669</epage><pages>664-669</pages><issn>0161-6420</issn><eissn>1549-4713</eissn><coden>OPHTDG</coden><abstract>To evaluate the steady-state tear flow and evaporation from the ocular surface of patients with and without dry eye.
Two groups of patients, 21 with dry eye and 34 without dry eye, with similar age distributions were selected by criteria based on tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, meibomian gland loss, and dry eye symptoms and were compared for tear flow, tear volume, percent turnover, and surface evaporation.
Tear flow averaged 0.10 +/- 0.08 microliters/minute in patients with dry eye versus 0.15 +/- 0.12 microliters/minute in patients without dry eye (P = 0.002). Tear volume averaged 2.13+/- 1.3 microliters in patients with dry eye versus 2.23 +/- 2.5 microliters in patients without dry eye (P = not significant) and tear turnover averaged 5.3 +/- 2.9% in patients with dry eye versus 8.2 +/- 4.3% in patients without dry eye (P = 0.019). Evaporation averaged 25 +/- 35 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients with dry eye versus 13 +/- 6 X 10(-7) g/cm(2)/second in patients without dry eye (P = 0.003).
Measured tear flow was significantly lower than previously determined in patients with and without dry eye. Evaporation was increased in patients with dry eye and accounted for the majority of the tear loss in patients with dry eye. Normal tear osmolarity can be maintained, even with low tear flow, if evaporation is kept within the normal range.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier</pub><pmid>8618768</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30637-4</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0161-6420 |
| ispartof | Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), 1996-04, Vol.103 (4), p.664-669 |
| issn | 0161-6420 1549-4713 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism Female Fluorophotometry Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Ophthalmology Osmolar Concentration Tears - metabolism Volatilization |
| title | Tear flow and evaporation in patients with and without dry eye |
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