The Long-Term Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Performance of Repairing Anterior Cruciate Ligament after Hemitransection Injury in a Goat Model
To test the healing of the partially torn anterior cruciate ligament, we transected the posterolateral bundle in 11 adult female goats and tested the ligaments at 12, 24, and 52 weeks and 3 years after surgery. As early as 12 weeks after surgery translucent fibrous tissue covered the wound. The diff...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of sports medicine 1996-01, Vol.24 (1), p.109-117 |
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| container_title | The American journal of sports medicine |
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| creator | Ng, Gabriel Y. F. Oakes, Barry W. McLean, lain D. Deacon, Owen W. Lampard, Douglas |
| description | To test the healing of the partially torn anterior cruciate ligament, we transected the posterolateral bundle in 11 adult
female goats and tested the ligaments at 12, 24, and 52 weeks and 3 years after surgery. As early as 12 weeks after surgery
translucent fibrous tissue covered the wound. The differences in anteroposterior laxity between right and left knees measured
at 45° and 90° of flexion were not significantly different at each period. Results of Instron testing of the posterolateral
bundle revealed the normalized changes in load-relaxation and Young's modulus were not significantly different at each period,
but the ultimate tensile strength and stiff ness at 3 years were significantly higher than at 12 weeks ( P < 0.05). Failure started at the repair site for the 12-week group, but at 24 and 52 weeks the failure occurred throughout
the ligament. At 3 years, the spec imens failed with bony avulsion, indicating the repaired tissue was not the weakest link
of the bone-ligament- bone complex. This study shows that under favorable conditions, partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries
are capable of repair. What is more important, the high ultimate tensile strength and stiffness of the 3-year repaired tissue
indicate full structural repair of such an artificial transection injury may be possible. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/036354659602400120 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78003998</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A17996891</galeid><sage_id>10.1177_036354659602400120</sage_id><sourcerecordid>A17996891</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-9e4e460d34f4f90fa2f6ea06f0c82a18c1f36e8e4d3b45f57025022baf4ded293</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkt-KEzEUxgdR1rr6AoIQRL2ybiZ_J5e16O5CZUWqtyHNnExTZpKazKD7EL6zKS29UNCrXHy_7-R855yqel7jd3Ut5RWmgnImuBKYMIxrgh9Us5pzMqdU8IfV7ADMD8Tj6knOO1wYKZqL6qIRtJGMzqpf6y2gVQzdfA1pQO99HMBuTfDW9MiEFn3z2UboTR69RZ8huZgGEyyg6NAX2BuffOjQIoyQfExomSbrzVhq-s4MEEZkXJHQDQx-TCZksKOPAd2G3ZTukQ_IoOtoRvQpttA_rR4502d4dnovq68fP6yXN_PV3fXtcrGaW97Ica6AARO4pcwxp7AzxAkwWDhsG2LqxtaOCmiAtXTDuOMSE44J2RjHWmiJopfVm2PdfYrfJ8ijHkpM6HsTIE5ZywZjqlTzX5BgyZRsWAFf_gHu4pRCCaFJLTGnQsgCvT1CnelB-2BjGdvP0ca-hw50ibi804taKiUaVRecHHGbYs4JnN4nP5h0r2usDweg_z6AYnpxamTaDNCeLaeNF_3VSTe57NiVnVifzxhRDef4EPzqiGVTOjtn-efHr4-Ore-2P3wCnQfT96UNqs0uE6brYlf0N4_V0b4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>217053667</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Long-Term Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Performance of Repairing Anterior Cruciate Ligament after Hemitransection Injury in a Goat Model</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Ng, Gabriel Y. F. ; Oakes, Barry W. ; McLean, lain D. ; Deacon, Owen W. ; Lampard, Douglas</creator><creatorcontrib>Ng, Gabriel Y. F. ; Oakes, Barry W. ; McLean, lain D. ; Deacon, Owen W. ; Lampard, Douglas</creatorcontrib><description>To test the healing of the partially torn anterior cruciate ligament, we transected the posterolateral bundle in 11 adult
female goats and tested the ligaments at 12, 24, and 52 weeks and 3 years after surgery. As early as 12 weeks after surgery
translucent fibrous tissue covered the wound. The differences in anteroposterior laxity between right and left knees measured
at 45° and 90° of flexion were not significantly different at each period. Results of Instron testing of the posterolateral
bundle revealed the normalized changes in load-relaxation and Young's modulus were not significantly different at each period,
but the ultimate tensile strength and stiff ness at 3 years were significantly higher than at 12 weeks ( P < 0.05). Failure started at the repair site for the 12-week group, but at 24 and 52 weeks the failure occurred throughout
the ligament. At 3 years, the spec imens failed with bony avulsion, indicating the repaired tissue was not the weakest link
of the bone-ligament- bone complex. This study shows that under favorable conditions, partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries
are capable of repair. What is more important, the high ultimate tensile strength and stiffness of the 3-year repaired tissue
indicate full structural repair of such an artificial transection injury may be possible.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-5465</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-3365</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/036354659602400120</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8638743</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJSMDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Waltham, MA: American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anterior cruciate ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament - physiopathology ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Disease Models, Animal ; Elasticity ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Goats ; Hindlimb ; Injuries ; Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine ; Joint Instability - physiopathology ; Ligaments ; Longitudinal Studies ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Rupture ; Sports medicine ; Stress, Mechanical ; Surgery ; Tensile Strength ; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents ; Viscosity ; Wound Healing</subject><ispartof>The American journal of sports medicine, 1996-01, Vol.24 (1), p.109-117</ispartof><rights>1996 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Journal of Sports Medicine Jan 1996</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-9e4e460d34f4f90fa2f6ea06f0c82a18c1f36e8e4d3b45f57025022baf4ded293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-9e4e460d34f4f90fa2f6ea06f0c82a18c1f36e8e4d3b45f57025022baf4ded293</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/036354659602400120$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/036354659602400120$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4010,21798,27900,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2985508$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638743$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ng, Gabriel Y. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oakes, Barry W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLean, lain D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deacon, Owen W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lampard, Douglas</creatorcontrib><title>The Long-Term Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Performance of Repairing Anterior Cruciate Ligament after Hemitransection Injury in a Goat Model</title><title>The American journal of sports medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><description>To test the healing of the partially torn anterior cruciate ligament, we transected the posterolateral bundle in 11 adult
female goats and tested the ligaments at 12, 24, and 52 weeks and 3 years after surgery. As early as 12 weeks after surgery
translucent fibrous tissue covered the wound. The differences in anteroposterior laxity between right and left knees measured
at 45° and 90° of flexion were not significantly different at each period. Results of Instron testing of the posterolateral
bundle revealed the normalized changes in load-relaxation and Young's modulus were not significantly different at each period,
but the ultimate tensile strength and stiff ness at 3 years were significantly higher than at 12 weeks ( P < 0.05). Failure started at the repair site for the 12-week group, but at 24 and 52 weeks the failure occurred throughout
the ligament. At 3 years, the spec imens failed with bony avulsion, indicating the repaired tissue was not the weakest link
of the bone-ligament- bone complex. This study shows that under favorable conditions, partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries
are capable of repair. What is more important, the high ultimate tensile strength and stiffness of the 3-year repaired tissue
indicate full structural repair of such an artificial transection injury may be possible.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anterior cruciate ligament</subject><subject>Anterior Cruciate Ligament - physiopathology</subject><subject>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Elasticity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>Hindlimb</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine</subject><subject>Joint Instability - physiopathology</subject><subject>Ligaments</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Rupture</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Tensile Strength</subject><subject>Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><subject>Wound Healing</subject><issn>0363-5465</issn><issn>1552-3365</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkt-KEzEUxgdR1rr6AoIQRL2ybiZ_J5e16O5CZUWqtyHNnExTZpKazKD7EL6zKS29UNCrXHy_7-R855yqel7jd3Ut5RWmgnImuBKYMIxrgh9Us5pzMqdU8IfV7ADMD8Tj6knOO1wYKZqL6qIRtJGMzqpf6y2gVQzdfA1pQO99HMBuTfDW9MiEFn3z2UboTR69RZ8huZgGEyyg6NAX2BuffOjQIoyQfExomSbrzVhq-s4MEEZkXJHQDQx-TCZksKOPAd2G3ZTukQ_IoOtoRvQpttA_rR4502d4dnovq68fP6yXN_PV3fXtcrGaW97Ica6AARO4pcwxp7AzxAkwWDhsG2LqxtaOCmiAtXTDuOMSE44J2RjHWmiJopfVm2PdfYrfJ8ijHkpM6HsTIE5ZywZjqlTzX5BgyZRsWAFf_gHu4pRCCaFJLTGnQsgCvT1CnelB-2BjGdvP0ca-hw50ibi804taKiUaVRecHHGbYs4JnN4nP5h0r2usDweg_z6AYnpxamTaDNCeLaeNF_3VSTe57NiVnVifzxhRDef4EPzqiGVTOjtn-efHr4-Ore-2P3wCnQfT96UNqs0uE6brYlf0N4_V0b4</recordid><startdate>19960101</startdate><enddate>19960101</enddate><creator>Ng, Gabriel Y. F.</creator><creator>Oakes, Barry W.</creator><creator>McLean, lain D.</creator><creator>Deacon, Owen W.</creator><creator>Lampard, Douglas</creator><general>American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</general><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications, Inc</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960101</creationdate><title>The Long-Term Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Performance of Repairing Anterior Cruciate Ligament after Hemitransection Injury in a Goat Model</title><author>Ng, Gabriel Y. F. ; Oakes, Barry W. ; McLean, lain D. ; Deacon, Owen W. ; Lampard, Douglas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c587t-9e4e460d34f4f90fa2f6ea06f0c82a18c1f36e8e4d3b45f57025022baf4ded293</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anterior cruciate ligament</topic><topic>Anterior Cruciate Ligament - physiopathology</topic><topic>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Elasticity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibrosis</topic><topic>Goats</topic><topic>Hindlimb</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine</topic><topic>Joint Instability - physiopathology</topic><topic>Ligaments</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Rupture</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Tensile Strength</topic><topic>Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents</topic><topic>Viscosity</topic><topic>Wound Healing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ng, Gabriel Y. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oakes, Barry W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLean, lain D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deacon, Owen W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lampard, Douglas</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ng, Gabriel Y. F.</au><au>Oakes, Barry W.</au><au>McLean, lain D.</au><au>Deacon, Owen W.</au><au>Lampard, Douglas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Long-Term Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Performance of Repairing Anterior Cruciate Ligament after Hemitransection Injury in a Goat Model</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><date>1996-01-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>109</spage><epage>117</epage><pages>109-117</pages><issn>0363-5465</issn><eissn>1552-3365</eissn><coden>AJSMDO</coden><abstract>To test the healing of the partially torn anterior cruciate ligament, we transected the posterolateral bundle in 11 adult
female goats and tested the ligaments at 12, 24, and 52 weeks and 3 years after surgery. As early as 12 weeks after surgery
translucent fibrous tissue covered the wound. The differences in anteroposterior laxity between right and left knees measured
at 45° and 90° of flexion were not significantly different at each period. Results of Instron testing of the posterolateral
bundle revealed the normalized changes in load-relaxation and Young's modulus were not significantly different at each period,
but the ultimate tensile strength and stiff ness at 3 years were significantly higher than at 12 weeks ( P < 0.05). Failure started at the repair site for the 12-week group, but at 24 and 52 weeks the failure occurred throughout
the ligament. At 3 years, the spec imens failed with bony avulsion, indicating the repaired tissue was not the weakest link
of the bone-ligament- bone complex. This study shows that under favorable conditions, partial anterior cruciate ligament injuries
are capable of repair. What is more important, the high ultimate tensile strength and stiffness of the 3-year repaired tissue
indicate full structural repair of such an artificial transection injury may be possible.</abstract><cop>Waltham, MA</cop><pub>American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</pub><pmid>8638743</pmid><doi>10.1177/036354659602400120</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0363-5465 |
| ispartof | The American journal of sports medicine, 1996-01, Vol.24 (1), p.109-117 |
| issn | 0363-5465 1552-3365 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78003998 |
| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals Anterior cruciate ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament - physiopathology Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Biological and medical sciences Biomechanical Phenomena Disease Models, Animal Elasticity Female Fibrosis Goats Hindlimb Injuries Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine Joint Instability - physiopathology Ligaments Longitudinal Studies Medical research Medical sciences Rupture Sports medicine Stress, Mechanical Surgery Tensile Strength Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents Viscosity Wound Healing |
| title | The Long-Term Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Performance of Repairing Anterior Cruciate Ligament after Hemitransection Injury in a Goat Model |
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