Chronic Low Protein Intake Reduces Tissue Protein Synthesis in a Pig Model of Protein Malnutrition

To determine the effect of severe chronic protein deficiency on protein synthesis in different tissues and total protein in plasma, and on plasma biochemical constituents involved in amino acid metabolism, we fed diets containing either 20 or 3% protein to two groups of four age-matched piglets. Aft...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of nutrition 1996-05, Vol.126 (5), p.1481-1488
Hauptverfasser: Wykes, Linda J., Fiorotto, Marta, Burrin, Douglas G., Del Rosario, Melanie, Frazer, Margaret E., Pond, Wilson G., Jahoor, Farook
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container_end_page 1488
container_issue 5
container_start_page 1481
container_title The Journal of nutrition
container_volume 126
creator Wykes, Linda J.
Fiorotto, Marta
Burrin, Douglas G.
Del Rosario, Melanie
Frazer, Margaret E.
Pond, Wilson G.
Jahoor, Farook
description To determine the effect of severe chronic protein deficiency on protein synthesis in different tissues and total protein in plasma, and on plasma biochemical constituents involved in amino acid metabolism, we fed diets containing either 20 or 3% protein to two groups of four age-matched piglets. After consuming the diets for 8 wk, the pigs received a primed-constant infusion of 2H3-leucine for 8 h to measure the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of tissue protein and total protein in plasma. Plasma urea and amino acid concentrations, particularly indispensable amino acids, were significantly lower in protein-deficient pigs. Fractional protein synthesis rates were lower in skin by 66% (P < 0.01), in jejunal mucosa by 50% (P < 0.05), in masseter muscle by 40% (P < 0.05), and in liver by 25% (P < 0.02); the fractional synthesis rate of the longissimus muscle was not different than controls. Although plasma protein concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in protein-deficient pigs, the fractional synthesis rate of the total intravascular plasma protein pool was not different. We conclude that adaptation to a low protein diet involves a reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in most body tissues, with the most marked changes occurring in skin and intestine, two tissues which frequently exhibit severe functional impairment in protein malnutrition.
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subjects Amino Acids - blood
Amino Acids - metabolism
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Proteins - analysis
Blood Proteins - metabolism
Diet
Diet, Protein-Restricted - adverse effects
Disease Models, Animal
Female
Hogs
Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
Leucine - metabolism
Liver - metabolism
Male
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Nitrogen - metabolism
Other nutritional diseases (malnutrition, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies...)
pigs
Protein Biosynthesis
protein deficiency
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - etiology
Protein-Energy Malnutrition - metabolism
Proteins
Proteins - metabolism
Skin - metabolism
stable isotope
Swine
tissue protein synthesis
Tritium
Urea - blood
Weight Gain
title Chronic Low Protein Intake Reduces Tissue Protein Synthesis in a Pig Model of Protein Malnutrition
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