Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine of the rat
The lumen of the small intestine in anesthetized rats was recirculated with 50 ml perfusion fluid containing normal salts, 25 mM glucose and low concentrations of hydrophilic solutes ranging in size from creatinine (mol wt 113) to Inulin (mol wt 5500). Ferrocyanide, a nontoxic, quadrupally charged a...
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description | The lumen of the small intestine in anesthetized rats was recirculated with 50 ml perfusion fluid containing normal salts, 25 mM glucose and low concentrations of hydrophilic solutes ranging in size from creatinine (mol wt 113) to Inulin (mol wt 5500). Ferrocyanide, a nontoxic, quadrupally charged anion was not absorbed; it could therefore be used as an osmotically active solute with reflection coefficient of 1.0 to adjust rates of fluid absorption, Jv, and to measure the coefficient of osmotic flow, Lp. The clearances from the perfusion fluid of all other test solutes were approximately proportional to Jv. From Lp and rates of clearances as a function of Jv and molecular size we estimate (a) the fraction of fluid absorption which passes paracellularly (approx. 50%), (b) coefficients of solvent drag of various solutes within intercellular junctions, (c) the equivalent pore radius of intercellular junctions (50 A) and their cross sectional area per unit path length (4.3 cm per cm length of intestine). Glucose absorption also varied as a function of Jv. From this relationship and the clearances of inert markers we calculate the rate of active transport of glucose, the amount of glucose carried paracellularly by solvent drag or back-diffusion at any given Jv and luminal glucose concentration and the concentration of glucose in the absorbate. The results indicate that solvent drag through paracellular channels is the principal route for intestinal transport of glucose or amino acids at physiological rates of fluid absorption and concentration. In the absence of luminal glucose the rate of fluid absorption and the clearances of all inert hydrophilic solutes were greatly reduced. It is proposed that Na-coupled transport of organic solutes from lumen to intercellular spaces provides the principal osmotic force for fluid absorption and triggers widening of intercellular junctions, thus promoting bulk absorption of nutrients by solvent drag. Further evidence for regulation of channel width is provided in accompanying papers on changes in electrical impedance and ultrastructure of junctions during Na-coupled solute transport. |
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Ferrocyanide, a nontoxic, quadrupally charged anion was not absorbed; it could therefore be used as an osmotically active solute with reflection coefficient of 1.0 to adjust rates of fluid absorption, Jv, and to measure the coefficient of osmotic flow, Lp. The clearances from the perfusion fluid of all other test solutes were approximately proportional to Jv. From Lp and rates of clearances as a function of Jv and molecular size we estimate (a) the fraction of fluid absorption which passes paracellularly (approx. 50%), (b) coefficients of solvent drag of various solutes within intercellular junctions, (c) the equivalent pore radius of intercellular junctions (50 A) and their cross sectional area per unit path length (4.3 cm per cm length of intestine). Glucose absorption also varied as a function of Jv. From this relationship and the clearances of inert markers we calculate the rate of active transport of glucose, the amount of glucose carried paracellularly by solvent drag or back-diffusion at any given Jv and luminal glucose concentration and the concentration of glucose in the absorbate. The results indicate that solvent drag through paracellular channels is the principal route for intestinal transport of glucose or amino acids at physiological rates of fluid absorption and concentration. In the absence of luminal glucose the rate of fluid absorption and the clearances of all inert hydrophilic solutes were greatly reduced. It is proposed that Na-coupled transport of organic solutes from lumen to intercellular spaces provides the principal osmotic force for fluid absorption and triggers widening of intercellular junctions, thus promoting bulk absorption of nutrients by solvent drag. 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Mesentery ; INTESTINES ; INTESTINOS ; NUTRICION ; NUTRIENT TRANSPORT ; NUTRITION ; Osmolar Concentration ; paracellular pathways ; PHYSIOLOGIE HUMAINE ; RAT ; RATA ; RATS ; Rheology ; Solubility ; Solvents ; TRANSPORT DES SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES ; TRANSPORTE DE NUTRIENTES ; Vertebrates: digestive system</subject><ispartof>The Journal of membrane biology, 1987-01, Vol.100 (2), p.123-136</ispartof><rights>1988 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-43f530e4b1038719d33a30ada6752efef21c0c4deea7e19ba71920df144f567e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-43f530e4b1038719d33a30ada6752efef21c0c4deea7e19ba71920df144f567e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7699582$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3430569$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pappenheimer, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiss, K.Z</creatorcontrib><title>Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine of the rat</title><title>The Journal of membrane biology</title><addtitle>J Membr Biol</addtitle><description>The lumen of the small intestine in anesthetized rats was recirculated with 50 ml perfusion fluid containing normal salts, 25 mM glucose and low concentrations of hydrophilic solutes ranging in size from creatinine (mol wt 113) to Inulin (mol wt 5500). Ferrocyanide, a nontoxic, quadrupally charged anion was not absorbed; it could therefore be used as an osmotically active solute with reflection coefficient of 1.0 to adjust rates of fluid absorption, Jv, and to measure the coefficient of osmotic flow, Lp. The clearances from the perfusion fluid of all other test solutes were approximately proportional to Jv. From Lp and rates of clearances as a function of Jv and molecular size we estimate (a) the fraction of fluid absorption which passes paracellularly (approx. 50%), (b) coefficients of solvent drag of various solutes within intercellular junctions, (c) the equivalent pore radius of intercellular junctions (50 A) and their cross sectional area per unit path length (4.3 cm per cm length of intestine). Glucose absorption also varied as a function of Jv. From this relationship and the clearances of inert markers we calculate the rate of active transport of glucose, the amount of glucose carried paracellularly by solvent drag or back-diffusion at any given Jv and luminal glucose concentration and the concentration of glucose in the absorbate. The results indicate that solvent drag through paracellular channels is the principal route for intestinal transport of glucose or amino acids at physiological rates of fluid absorption and concentration. In the absence of luminal glucose the rate of fluid absorption and the clearances of all inert hydrophilic solutes were greatly reduced. It is proposed that Na-coupled transport of organic solutes from lumen to intercellular spaces provides the principal osmotic force for fluid absorption and triggers widening of intercellular junctions, thus promoting bulk absorption of nutrients by solvent drag. Further evidence for regulation of channel width is provided in accompanying papers on changes in electrical impedance and ultrastructure of junctions during Na-coupled solute transport.</description><subject>ABSORCION DIGESTIVA</subject><subject>ABSORPTION DIGESTIVE</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cell junctions</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>DIGESTIVE ABSORPTION</subject><subject>epithelial permeability</subject><subject>FISIOLOGIA HUMANA</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GLUCOSA</subject><subject>GLUCOSE</subject><subject>Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY</subject><subject>Intercellular Junctions - physiology</subject><subject>INTESTIN</subject><subject>Intestinal Absorption</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - physiology</subject><subject>Intestine, Small - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestine. Mesentery</subject><subject>INTESTINES</subject><subject>INTESTINOS</subject><subject>NUTRICION</subject><subject>NUTRIENT TRANSPORT</subject><subject>NUTRITION</subject><subject>Osmolar Concentration</subject><subject>paracellular pathways</subject><subject>PHYSIOLOGIE HUMAINE</subject><subject>RAT</subject><subject>RATA</subject><subject>RATS</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>TRANSPORT DES SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES</subject><subject>TRANSPORTE DE NUTRIENTES</subject><subject>Vertebrates: digestive system</subject><issn>0022-2631</issn><issn>1432-1424</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1987</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c9LwzAUB_AgypzTi2eFHsSDUM3vtEcd_gLBg-5cXttk6-iSmbTC_ntTN3f1FHjv833k8RA6J_iWYKzuSoMpxTnh4gCNCWc0JZzyQzTGsZ5SycgxOglhiTFRSvIRGjHOsJD5GG2mzna-KfuucTZxJgmu_da2S2oP86RbeNfPF0ljO-0r3bZ9Cz5Z9rYaeBg8lMH59V_a9nFYjIek3MS0TsIK2vY3H7rG6sEMZQ_dKToy0AZ9tnsnaPb0-Dl9Sd_en1-n929pxRXuUs6MYFjzkmCWKZLXjAHDUINUgmqjDSUVrnitNShN8hKiobg2hHMjpNJsgq63c9feffXxG8WqCcMuYLXrQ6FUToTi8l9IeC4k41mEN1tYeReC16ZY-2YFflMQXAwHKR6e_g4S8eVual-udL2nuwvE_tWuD6GC1niwVRP2TMk8FxmN7GLLDLgC5j6S2UeWESkozzL2A59unO4</recordid><startdate>19870101</startdate><enddate>19870101</enddate><creator>Pappenheimer, J.R</creator><creator>Reiss, K.Z</creator><general>Springer</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7Z</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19870101</creationdate><title>Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine of the rat</title><author>Pappenheimer, J.R ; Reiss, K.Z</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-43f530e4b1038719d33a30ada6752efef21c0c4deea7e19ba71920df144f567e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1987</creationdate><topic>ABSORCION DIGESTIVA</topic><topic>ABSORPTION DIGESTIVE</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cell junctions</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>DIGESTIVE ABSORPTION</topic><topic>epithelial permeability</topic><topic>FISIOLOGIA HUMANA</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GLUCOSA</topic><topic>GLUCOSE</topic><topic>Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY</topic><topic>Intercellular Junctions - physiology</topic><topic>INTESTIN</topic><topic>Intestinal Absorption</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - physiology</topic><topic>Intestine, Small - metabolism</topic><topic>Intestine. Mesentery</topic><topic>INTESTINES</topic><topic>INTESTINOS</topic><topic>NUTRICION</topic><topic>NUTRIENT TRANSPORT</topic><topic>NUTRITION</topic><topic>Osmolar Concentration</topic><topic>paracellular pathways</topic><topic>PHYSIOLOGIE HUMAINE</topic><topic>RAT</topic><topic>RATA</topic><topic>RATS</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Solubility</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>TRANSPORT DES SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES</topic><topic>TRANSPORTE DE NUTRIENTES</topic><topic>Vertebrates: digestive system</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pappenheimer, J.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiss, K.Z</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biochemistry Abstracts 1</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of membrane biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pappenheimer, J.R</au><au>Reiss, K.Z</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine of the rat</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of membrane biology</jtitle><addtitle>J Membr Biol</addtitle><date>1987-01-01</date><risdate>1987</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>136</epage><pages>123-136</pages><issn>0022-2631</issn><eissn>1432-1424</eissn><coden>JMBBBO</coden><abstract>The lumen of the small intestine in anesthetized rats was recirculated with 50 ml perfusion fluid containing normal salts, 25 mM glucose and low concentrations of hydrophilic solutes ranging in size from creatinine (mol wt 113) to Inulin (mol wt 5500). Ferrocyanide, a nontoxic, quadrupally charged anion was not absorbed; it could therefore be used as an osmotically active solute with reflection coefficient of 1.0 to adjust rates of fluid absorption, Jv, and to measure the coefficient of osmotic flow, Lp. The clearances from the perfusion fluid of all other test solutes were approximately proportional to Jv. From Lp and rates of clearances as a function of Jv and molecular size we estimate (a) the fraction of fluid absorption which passes paracellularly (approx. 50%), (b) coefficients of solvent drag of various solutes within intercellular junctions, (c) the equivalent pore radius of intercellular junctions (50 A) and their cross sectional area per unit path length (4.3 cm per cm length of intestine). Glucose absorption also varied as a function of Jv. From this relationship and the clearances of inert markers we calculate the rate of active transport of glucose, the amount of glucose carried paracellularly by solvent drag or back-diffusion at any given Jv and luminal glucose concentration and the concentration of glucose in the absorbate. The results indicate that solvent drag through paracellular channels is the principal route for intestinal transport of glucose or amino acids at physiological rates of fluid absorption and concentration. In the absence of luminal glucose the rate of fluid absorption and the clearances of all inert hydrophilic solutes were greatly reduced. It is proposed that Na-coupled transport of organic solutes from lumen to intercellular spaces provides the principal osmotic force for fluid absorption and triggers widening of intercellular junctions, thus promoting bulk absorption of nutrients by solvent drag. Further evidence for regulation of channel width is provided in accompanying papers on changes in electrical impedance and ultrastructure of junctions during Na-coupled solute transport.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>3430569</pmid><doi>10.1007/bf02209145</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | ABSORCION DIGESTIVA ABSORPTION DIGESTIVE Animals Biological and medical sciences cell junctions Diffusion DIGESTIVE ABSORPTION epithelial permeability FISIOLOGIA HUMANA Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GLUCOSA GLUCOSE Glucose - metabolism HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Intercellular Junctions - physiology INTESTIN Intestinal Absorption Intestinal Mucosa - physiology Intestine, Small - metabolism Intestine. Mesentery INTESTINES INTESTINOS NUTRICION NUTRIENT TRANSPORT NUTRITION Osmolar Concentration paracellular pathways PHYSIOLOGIE HUMAINE RAT RATA RATS Rheology Solubility Solvents TRANSPORT DES SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES TRANSPORTE DE NUTRIENTES Vertebrates: digestive system |
title | Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine of the rat |
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