Laser-Assisted Coronary Angioplasty in Patients with Severely Depressed Left Ventricular Function: Quantitative Coronary Angiography and Clinical Results

Laser‐assisted coronary angioplasty can be successfully applied to lesions not ideal for balloon angioplasty. Patients with severely impaired left ventricular (LV) function and complex coronary artery stenoses who call for percutaneous revascularization are considered a high risk group for balloon angioplasty. In order to determine the feasibility, safety, and acute clinical outcome of a solid state, pulsed wave, mid‐infrared (2.1 micron) laser facilitated angioplasty in these patients, data from 112 patients with 129 lesions were analyzed. Patients were identified according to angiographic LV function; group I included 22 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% (mean = 25%± 10%) and group II included 90 patients with LVEF ≥ 40% (mean = 58%± 8%). No difference in age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, history of previous coronary artery bypass surgery (CABGS) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was registered between the two groups. Multivessel disease, previous myocardial infarction (MI), and severe angina were more prevalent among group 1 patients (P = 0.03). No difference was found in lesion location, complexity, length, or calcification between the two groups; although group I had more eccentric lesions. Both groups were treated with the same laser energy level followed by adjunctive balloon angioplasty. One hundred percent procedural success was obtained in group 1 versus 93% in group II (P = NS). By Q.C.A. (independent core lab), minimal luminal diameter increased in group I from 0.9 ± 0.5 mm preprocedure to 2.0 ± 0.5, as compared to 0.8 ± 0.5 mm to 1.9 ± 0.5 mm (P = NS) in group II. Stenosis severity improved from 69%± 16% preprocedure to 37%± 13% postprocedure in group I, as compared to improvement from 78%± 16% to 37%± 12.7% in group II (P = NS). Overall complication rate was remarkably low, with no death or perforation in either group; emergency CABGS 0% in group 1 and 1.1% in group 11; dissections 4.5% in group I and 8.8% in group II. There was no significant difference in complication rate between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that holmium; YAG laser facilitated coronary angioplasty can be safely performed in patients with severe LV dysfunction, achieving a remarkably high procedural success and low complication rate.