Patella of selected bats: Patterns of occurrence or absence and associated modifications of the quadriceps femoris tendon

Background: Having observed the apparent absence of a bony patella in a Madagascar flying fox (Pteropus sp.), other species from the two suborders of bats (Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera) were examined to determine the presence or absence of a bony patella and the distribution of this feature among bats. Methods: Gross, radiographic, and histologic examination of seven megachiropteran species representing four genera, as well as six microchiropteran species representing six genera, was performed. Results: A bony patella was observed in all six microchiropteran and in three megachiropteran species. The tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle in Microchiropteran species was composed mainly of dense regular connective tissue. The quadriceps tendon in Megachiropteran species with a patella contained an abundance of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage, unlike the quadriceps femoris tendon of the Microchiroptera or a laboratory mouse examined for comparison. Conclusions: Four species of the megachiropteran genus Pteropus lacking a bony patella displayed a similar occurrence and distribution of fibro cartilage and hyaline cartilage within the quadriceps tendon as seen in the other bats. In reference to this singular feature, Pteropus is unique among the representatives of megachiropteran and microchiropteran genera examined here. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.