Understanding Performance and Learning in Consistent Memory Search: An Age-Related Perspective
This study was conducted to investigate learning in memory search tasks. Young and old participants were trained for 5,640 trials of consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) memory search. After training, participants were transferred into New CM and CM Reversal conditions. During training, b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychology and aging 1995-06, Vol.10 (2), p.255-268 |
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| creator | Fisk, Arthur D Cooper, Brian P Hertzog, Christopher Anderson-Garlach, Marjo M Lee, Mark D |
| description | This study was conducted to investigate learning in memory search tasks. Young and old participants were trained for 5,640 trials of consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) memory search. After training, participants were transferred into New CM and CM Reversal conditions. During training, both young and old adults improved reaction time performance, with more rapid improvement for the young adults. In CM training, both age groups achieved zero comparison slopes, indicating automaticity in CM memory search. VM training maintained a large age-related difference in search times. Age did not moderate the transfer effects, suggesting similar learning mechanisms were responsible for the original CM training gains in both age groups; however, transfer effects were different for CM Reversal and New CM. The pattern of transfer data argues against several possible mechanisms for automaticity in memory search. The data are most compatible with a hypothesis of memory-set unitization as the locus of automaticity in memory search. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0882-7974.10.2.255 |
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Young and old participants were trained for 5,640 trials of consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) memory search. After training, participants were transferred into New CM and CM Reversal conditions. During training, both young and old adults improved reaction time performance, with more rapid improvement for the young adults. In CM training, both age groups achieved zero comparison slopes, indicating automaticity in CM memory search. VM training maintained a large age-related difference in search times. Age did not moderate the transfer effects, suggesting similar learning mechanisms were responsible for the original CM training gains in both age groups; however, transfer effects were different for CM Reversal and New CM. The pattern of transfer data argues against several possible mechanisms for automaticity in memory search. The data are most compatible with a hypothesis of memory-set unitization as the locus of automaticity in memory search.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0882-7974</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1498</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.10.2.255</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7662185</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult. Elderly ; Age Differences ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging & longevity ; Aging - psychology ; Attention ; Biological and medical sciences ; Developmental psychology ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Geriatric Assessment ; Human ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Recall ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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Young and old participants were trained for 5,640 trials of consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) memory search. After training, participants were transferred into New CM and CM Reversal conditions. During training, both young and old adults improved reaction time performance, with more rapid improvement for the young adults. In CM training, both age groups achieved zero comparison slopes, indicating automaticity in CM memory search. VM training maintained a large age-related difference in search times. Age did not moderate the transfer effects, suggesting similar learning mechanisms were responsible for the original CM training gains in both age groups; however, transfer effects were different for CM Reversal and New CM. The pattern of transfer data argues against several possible mechanisms for automaticity in memory search. The data are most compatible with a hypothesis of memory-set unitization as the locus of automaticity in memory search.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult. Elderly</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging & longevity</subject><subject>Aging - psychology</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Geriatric Assessment</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental Recall</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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Elderly</topic><topic>Age Differences</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging & longevity</topic><topic>Aging - psychology</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Geriatric Assessment</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Learning</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Mental Recall</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reaction Time</topic><topic>Recall</topic><topic>Reversal Learning</topic><topic>Transfer (Psychology)</topic><topic>Understanding</topic><topic>Verbal Learning</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fisk, Arthur D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Brian P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hertzog, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson-Garlach, Marjo M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Mark D</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychology and aging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fisk, Arthur D</au><au>Cooper, Brian P</au><au>Hertzog, Christopher</au><au>Anderson-Garlach, Marjo M</au><au>Lee, Mark D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Understanding Performance and Learning in Consistent Memory Search: An Age-Related Perspective</atitle><jtitle>Psychology and aging</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Aging</addtitle><date>1995-06-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>255</spage><epage>268</epage><pages>255-268</pages><issn>0882-7974</issn><eissn>1939-1498</eissn><abstract>This study was conducted to investigate learning in memory search tasks. Young and old participants were trained for 5,640 trials of consistent mapping (CM) and varied mapping (VM) memory search. After training, participants were transferred into New CM and CM Reversal conditions. During training, both young and old adults improved reaction time performance, with more rapid improvement for the young adults. In CM training, both age groups achieved zero comparison slopes, indicating automaticity in CM memory search. VM training maintained a large age-related difference in search times. Age did not moderate the transfer effects, suggesting similar learning mechanisms were responsible for the original CM training gains in both age groups; however, transfer effects were different for CM Reversal and New CM. The pattern of transfer data argues against several possible mechanisms for automaticity in memory search. The data are most compatible with a hypothesis of memory-set unitization as the locus of automaticity in memory search.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>7662185</pmid><doi>10.1037/0882-7974.10.2.255</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult. Elderly Age Differences Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging & longevity Aging - psychology Attention Biological and medical sciences Developmental psychology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Geriatric Assessment Human Humans Learning Male Memory Mental Recall Neuropsychological Tests Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reaction Time Recall Reversal Learning Transfer (Psychology) Understanding Verbal Learning |
| title | Understanding Performance and Learning in Consistent Memory Search: An Age-Related Perspective |
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