Judgments of Azimuth and Elevation as a Function of Monoscopic and Binocular Depth Cues Using a Perspective Display
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of three-dimensional display formats for judgments of spatial information using an exocentric frame of reference. Eight subjects judged the azimuth and elevation that separated two computer-generated objects using either a perspective or stereosco...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human factors 1995-03, Vol.37 (1), p.173-181 |
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| creator | Barfield, Woodrow Rosenberg, Craig |
| description | The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of three-dimensional display formats for judgments of spatial information using an exocentric frame of reference. Eight subjects judged the azimuth and elevation that separated two computer-generated objects using either a perspective or stereoscopic display. Errors, which consisted of the difference in absolute value between the estimated and actual azimuth or elevation, were analyzed as the response variable. The data indicated that the stereoscopic display resulted in more accurate estimates of elevation, especially for images aligned approximately orthogonally to the viewing vector. However, estimates of relative azimuth direction were not improved by use of the stereoscopic display. Furthermore, it was shown that the effect of compression resulting from a 45--deg computer graphics eye point elevation produced a response bias that was symmetrical around the horizontal plane of the reference cube, and that the depth cue of binocular disparity provided by the stereoscopic display reduced the magnitude of the compression errors. Implications of the results for the design of spatial displays are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1518/001872095779049453 |
| format | Article |
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Eight subjects judged the azimuth and elevation that separated two computer-generated objects using either a perspective or stereoscopic display. Errors, which consisted of the difference in absolute value between the estimated and actual azimuth or elevation, were analyzed as the response variable. The data indicated that the stereoscopic display resulted in more accurate estimates of elevation, especially for images aligned approximately orthogonally to the viewing vector. However, estimates of relative azimuth direction were not improved by use of the stereoscopic display. Furthermore, it was shown that the effect of compression resulting from a 45--deg computer graphics eye point elevation produced a response bias that was symmetrical around the horizontal plane of the reference cube, and that the depth cue of binocular disparity provided by the stereoscopic display reduced the magnitude of the compression errors. Implications of the results for the design of spatial displays are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-7208</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1547-8181</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1518/001872095779049453</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7790007</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HUFAA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Azimuth ; Binocular vision ; Biological and medical sciences ; Compression ; Computer graphics ; Cues ; Depth Perception - physiology ; Elevation ; Ergonomics. Human factors ; Eye ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Judgments ; Occupational psychology ; Perceptual Disorders - physiopathology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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Eight subjects judged the azimuth and elevation that separated two computer-generated objects using either a perspective or stereoscopic display. Errors, which consisted of the difference in absolute value between the estimated and actual azimuth or elevation, were analyzed as the response variable. The data indicated that the stereoscopic display resulted in more accurate estimates of elevation, especially for images aligned approximately orthogonally to the viewing vector. However, estimates of relative azimuth direction were not improved by use of the stereoscopic display. Furthermore, it was shown that the effect of compression resulting from a 45--deg computer graphics eye point elevation produced a response bias that was symmetrical around the horizontal plane of the reference cube, and that the depth cue of binocular disparity provided by the stereoscopic display reduced the magnitude of the compression errors. Implications of the results for the design of spatial displays are discussed.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Azimuth</subject><subject>Binocular vision</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Computer graphics</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Depth Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Ergonomics. Human factors</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Judgments</subject><subject>Occupational psychology</subject><subject>Perceptual Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Response bias</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Space Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Spatial data</subject><subject>Stereoscopy</subject><subject>Task Performance and Analysis</subject><issn>0018-7208</issn><issn>1547-8181</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kVtrFTEURoMo9bT6BwQhoPg2NvdkHtvTi0pFH-zzkMnlmDKTjMlMof56cy4UUfQp7Oy19t7wAfAKo_eYY3WKEFaSoJZL2SLWMk6fgBXmTDYKK_wUrLZAUwn1HByXcocQEi3lR-BoKyAkV6B8WuxmdHEuMHl49jOMy_wd6mjh5eDu9RxShLpADa-WaHZVxT6nmIpJUzA78jzEZJZBZ3jhpmqvF1fgbQlxU72vLpfJVfXewYtQpkE_vADPvB6Ke3l4T8Dt1eW39Yfm5sv1x_XZTWMYoXODrWh532PttSHKGmU98lRZ1pKeES6J87733ivtmbWIG0WYE1QLYdT2l56Ad_u5U04_6k1zN4Zi3DDo6NJSOikpEy3iFXzzB3iXlhzrbR1uhaJCUIn_S1GMFSOiVZUie8rkVEp2vptyGHV-6DDqtql1f6dWpdeH0Us_OvuoHGKq_beHvi5GDz7raEJ5xCgXgu12n-6xojfut-v-vfgX0aisHg</recordid><startdate>19950301</startdate><enddate>19950301</enddate><creator>Barfield, Woodrow</creator><creator>Rosenberg, Craig</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Human Factors and Ergonomics Society</general><general>Human Factors Society of America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>JRZRW</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950301</creationdate><title>Judgments of Azimuth and Elevation as a Function of Monoscopic and Binocular Depth Cues Using a Perspective Display</title><author>Barfield, Woodrow ; Rosenberg, Craig</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1d695bb1afac28dc8df0f38d492b42572effbfff8af4dd05c824e63a66c8ff8a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Azimuth</topic><topic>Binocular vision</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Computer graphics</topic><topic>Cues</topic><topic>Depth Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Ergonomics. Human factors</topic><topic>Eye</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Judgments</topic><topic>Occupational psychology</topic><topic>Perceptual Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Response bias</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Space Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Spatial data</topic><topic>Stereoscopy</topic><topic>Task Performance and Analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Barfield, Woodrow</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosenberg, Craig</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 35</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Human factors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Barfield, Woodrow</au><au>Rosenberg, Craig</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Judgments of Azimuth and Elevation as a Function of Monoscopic and Binocular Depth Cues Using a Perspective Display</atitle><jtitle>Human factors</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Factors</addtitle><date>1995-03-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>173</spage><epage>181</epage><pages>173-181</pages><issn>0018-7208</issn><eissn>1547-8181</eissn><coden>HUFAA6</coden><abstract>The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of three-dimensional display formats for judgments of spatial information using an exocentric frame of reference. Eight subjects judged the azimuth and elevation that separated two computer-generated objects using either a perspective or stereoscopic display. Errors, which consisted of the difference in absolute value between the estimated and actual azimuth or elevation, were analyzed as the response variable. The data indicated that the stereoscopic display resulted in more accurate estimates of elevation, especially for images aligned approximately orthogonally to the viewing vector. However, estimates of relative azimuth direction were not improved by use of the stereoscopic display. Furthermore, it was shown that the effect of compression resulting from a 45--deg computer graphics eye point elevation produced a response bias that was symmetrical around the horizontal plane of the reference cube, and that the depth cue of binocular disparity provided by the stereoscopic display reduced the magnitude of the compression errors. Implications of the results for the design of spatial displays are discussed.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>7790007</pmid><doi>10.1518/001872095779049453</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Human factors, 1995-03, Vol.37 (1), p.173-181 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Access via SAGE; MEDLINE; Periodicals Index Online |
| subjects | Adult Analysis of Variance Azimuth Binocular vision Biological and medical sciences Compression Computer graphics Cues Depth Perception - physiology Elevation Ergonomics. Human factors Eye Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Judgments Occupational psychology Perceptual Disorders - physiopathology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Response bias Space life sciences Space Perception - physiology Spatial data Stereoscopy Task Performance and Analysis |
| title | Judgments of Azimuth and Elevation as a Function of Monoscopic and Binocular Depth Cues Using a Perspective Display |
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