Differential in vivo and in vitro intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in animals and humans: A hypothesis
Background/Aims : Clinical interpretation of urinary recovery ratios of lactulose and mannitol is hampered by incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of transmucosal passage. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo and in vitro probe permeability. Methods : Stripped sheets of small intestine...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) N.Y. 1943), 1995-03, Vol.108 (3), p.687-696 |
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| container_title | Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) |
| container_volume | 108 |
| creator | Bijlsma, Pieter B. Peeters, Roger A. Groot, Jack A. Dekker, Pieter R. Taminiau, Jan A.J.M. Van Der Meer, Roelof |
| description | Background/Aims
:
Clinical interpretation of urinary recovery ratios of lactulose and mannitol is hampered by incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of transmucosal passage. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo and in vitro probe permeability.
Methods
:
Stripped sheets of small intestine from rodents and human biopsy specimens were mounted in Ussing chambers, and mucosa-to-serosa fluxes of lactulose and mannitol were determined. Urinary recovery of orally applied probes was measured in rodents, cats, and humans.
Results
:
In vitro lactulose/mannitol flux ratios were close to 0.8 in all species. Urinary recovery ratios differed between rodents and cats or humans; low ratios in cats and humans were due to high mannitol recovery.
Conclusions
:
Interspecies variation in urinary recovery of mannitol is caused by differences specific for the intact small intestines in vivo. Because hyperosmolality of villus tips in vivo varies, being highest in humans and cats as a result of vascular countercurrent multiplication, it is hypothesized that the high urinary recovery of mannitol in these species is caused by solvent drag through pores that allow the passage of mannitol but not of lactulose. Therefore, the lactulose/mannitol ratio is primarily a standard for the normal functioning of villus epithelial cells in metabolite absorption and for normal villus blood flow. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90440-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_77154365</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>0016508595904409</els_id><sourcerecordid>77154365</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-96e849f1bb6115620ac60217bd2552366908c7b23ec54f187b2d2f7e8f10cd363</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UF1rFDEUDaLUbfUfKMyDiD5MTTJJJumDUFqrhYIv-hwymRs2MpOsSWZl_73ZD_axEJJDzgf3HoTeEXxNMBFfcL1ajiX_pPhnhRnDrXqBVoRT2VaOvkSrs-Q1usz5D8ZYdZJcoIte9pz1ZIX-3XvnIEEo3kyND83Wb2NjwnjEJcUKCuTiQ-U3kGYwg5982TUlNpOxZZlihoNjNiH4Eg8xJvjZTPnwv14qk2-a22a928SyhuzzG_TKVR7ent4r9Pvh26-7H-3Tz--Pd7dPrWUdLa0SIJlyZBgEIVxQbKzAlPTDSDmnnRAKS9sPtAPLmSOywpG6HqQj2I6d6K7Qx2PuJsW_S91Dzz5bmCYTIC5Z9z3hrBO8CtlRaFPMOYHTm1RXSDtNsN73rfdl6n2ZWtWz71urant_yl-GGcaz6VRw5T-ceJOtmVwywfp8lnWMMcVllX09yqB2sfWQdLYegoXRJ7BFj9E_P8d_fFycmQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>77154365</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Differential in vivo and in vitro intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in animals and humans: A hypothesis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Collection</source><creator>Bijlsma, Pieter B. ; Peeters, Roger A. ; Groot, Jack A. ; Dekker, Pieter R. ; Taminiau, Jan A.J.M. ; Van Der Meer, Roelof</creator><creatorcontrib>Bijlsma, Pieter B. ; Peeters, Roger A. ; Groot, Jack A. ; Dekker, Pieter R. ; Taminiau, Jan A.J.M. ; Van Der Meer, Roelof</creatorcontrib><description>Background/Aims
:
Clinical interpretation of urinary recovery ratios of lactulose and mannitol is hampered by incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of transmucosal passage. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo and in vitro probe permeability.
Methods
:
Stripped sheets of small intestine from rodents and human biopsy specimens were mounted in Ussing chambers, and mucosa-to-serosa fluxes of lactulose and mannitol were determined. Urinary recovery of orally applied probes was measured in rodents, cats, and humans.
Results
:
In vitro lactulose/mannitol flux ratios were close to 0.8 in all species. Urinary recovery ratios differed between rodents and cats or humans; low ratios in cats and humans were due to high mannitol recovery.
Conclusions
:
Interspecies variation in urinary recovery of mannitol is caused by differences specific for the intact small intestines in vivo. Because hyperosmolality of villus tips in vivo varies, being highest in humans and cats as a result of vascular countercurrent multiplication, it is hypothesized that the high urinary recovery of mannitol in these species is caused by solvent drag through pores that allow the passage of mannitol but not of lactulose. Therefore, the lactulose/mannitol ratio is primarily a standard for the normal functioning of villus epithelial cells in metabolite absorption and for normal villus blood flow.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-5085</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1528-0012</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90440-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7875471</identifier><identifier>CODEN: GASTAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Edetic Acid - pharmacokinetics ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen ; Guinea Pigs ; Horseradish Peroxidase - pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa - physiology ; Lactulose - pharmacokinetics ; Lactulose - urine ; Malformations ; Mannitol - pharmacokinetics ; Mannitol - urine ; Medical sciences ; Models, Biological ; Osmotic Pressure ; Permeability ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Solutions - pharmacology ; Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus</subject><ispartof>Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943), 1995-03, Vol.108 (3), p.687-696</ispartof><rights>1995</rights><rights>1995 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-96e849f1bb6115620ac60217bd2552366908c7b23ec54f187b2d2f7e8f10cd363</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-96e849f1bb6115620ac60217bd2552366908c7b23ec54f187b2d2f7e8f10cd363</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016508595904409$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3444958$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7875471$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bijlsma, Pieter B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peeters, Roger A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groot, Jack A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekker, Pieter R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taminiau, Jan A.J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Der Meer, Roelof</creatorcontrib><title>Differential in vivo and in vitro intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in animals and humans: A hypothesis</title><title>Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943)</title><addtitle>Gastroenterology</addtitle><description>Background/Aims
:
Clinical interpretation of urinary recovery ratios of lactulose and mannitol is hampered by incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of transmucosal passage. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo and in vitro probe permeability.
Methods
:
Stripped sheets of small intestine from rodents and human biopsy specimens were mounted in Ussing chambers, and mucosa-to-serosa fluxes of lactulose and mannitol were determined. Urinary recovery of orally applied probes was measured in rodents, cats, and humans.
Results
:
In vitro lactulose/mannitol flux ratios were close to 0.8 in all species. Urinary recovery ratios differed between rodents and cats or humans; low ratios in cats and humans were due to high mannitol recovery.
Conclusions
:
Interspecies variation in urinary recovery of mannitol is caused by differences specific for the intact small intestines in vivo. Because hyperosmolality of villus tips in vivo varies, being highest in humans and cats as a result of vascular countercurrent multiplication, it is hypothesized that the high urinary recovery of mannitol in these species is caused by solvent drag through pores that allow the passage of mannitol but not of lactulose. Therefore, the lactulose/mannitol ratio is primarily a standard for the normal functioning of villus epithelial cells in metabolite absorption and for normal villus blood flow.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Edetic Acid - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Electrophysiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen</subject><subject>Guinea Pigs</subject><subject>Horseradish Peroxidase - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - physiology</subject><subject>Lactulose - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Lactulose - urine</subject><subject>Malformations</subject><subject>Mannitol - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Mannitol - urine</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Osmotic Pressure</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Solutions - pharmacology</subject><subject>Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus</subject><issn>0016-5085</issn><issn>1528-0012</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UF1rFDEUDaLUbfUfKMyDiD5MTTJJJumDUFqrhYIv-hwymRs2MpOsSWZl_73ZD_axEJJDzgf3HoTeEXxNMBFfcL1ajiX_pPhnhRnDrXqBVoRT2VaOvkSrs-Q1usz5D8ZYdZJcoIte9pz1ZIX-3XvnIEEo3kyND83Wb2NjwnjEJcUKCuTiQ-U3kGYwg5982TUlNpOxZZlihoNjNiH4Eg8xJvjZTPnwv14qk2-a22a928SyhuzzG_TKVR7ent4r9Pvh26-7H-3Tz--Pd7dPrWUdLa0SIJlyZBgEIVxQbKzAlPTDSDmnnRAKS9sPtAPLmSOywpG6HqQj2I6d6K7Qx2PuJsW_S91Dzz5bmCYTIC5Z9z3hrBO8CtlRaFPMOYHTm1RXSDtNsN73rfdl6n2ZWtWz71urant_yl-GGcaz6VRw5T-ceJOtmVwywfp8lnWMMcVllX09yqB2sfWQdLYegoXRJ7BFj9E_P8d_fFycmQ</recordid><startdate>19950301</startdate><enddate>19950301</enddate><creator>Bijlsma, Pieter B.</creator><creator>Peeters, Roger A.</creator><creator>Groot, Jack A.</creator><creator>Dekker, Pieter R.</creator><creator>Taminiau, Jan A.J.M.</creator><creator>Van Der Meer, Roelof</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950301</creationdate><title>Differential in vivo and in vitro intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in animals and humans: A hypothesis</title><author>Bijlsma, Pieter B. ; Peeters, Roger A. ; Groot, Jack A. ; Dekker, Pieter R. ; Taminiau, Jan A.J.M. ; Van Der Meer, Roelof</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-96e849f1bb6115620ac60217bd2552366908c7b23ec54f187b2d2f7e8f10cd363</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Edetic Acid - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Electrophysiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen</topic><topic>Guinea Pigs</topic><topic>Horseradish Peroxidase - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - physiology</topic><topic>Lactulose - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Lactulose - urine</topic><topic>Malformations</topic><topic>Mannitol - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Mannitol - urine</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Osmotic Pressure</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Solutions - pharmacology</topic><topic>Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bijlsma, Pieter B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peeters, Roger A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groot, Jack A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekker, Pieter R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taminiau, Jan A.J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Der Meer, Roelof</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bijlsma, Pieter B.</au><au>Peeters, Roger A.</au><au>Groot, Jack A.</au><au>Dekker, Pieter R.</au><au>Taminiau, Jan A.J.M.</au><au>Van Der Meer, Roelof</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Differential in vivo and in vitro intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in animals and humans: A hypothesis</atitle><jtitle>Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943)</jtitle><addtitle>Gastroenterology</addtitle><date>1995-03-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>108</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>687</spage><epage>696</epage><pages>687-696</pages><issn>0016-5085</issn><eissn>1528-0012</eissn><coden>GASTAB</coden><abstract>Background/Aims
:
Clinical interpretation of urinary recovery ratios of lactulose and mannitol is hampered by incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of transmucosal passage. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo and in vitro probe permeability.
Methods
:
Stripped sheets of small intestine from rodents and human biopsy specimens were mounted in Ussing chambers, and mucosa-to-serosa fluxes of lactulose and mannitol were determined. Urinary recovery of orally applied probes was measured in rodents, cats, and humans.
Results
:
In vitro lactulose/mannitol flux ratios were close to 0.8 in all species. Urinary recovery ratios differed between rodents and cats or humans; low ratios in cats and humans were due to high mannitol recovery.
Conclusions
:
Interspecies variation in urinary recovery of mannitol is caused by differences specific for the intact small intestines in vivo. Because hyperosmolality of villus tips in vivo varies, being highest in humans and cats as a result of vascular countercurrent multiplication, it is hypothesized that the high urinary recovery of mannitol in these species is caused by solvent drag through pores that allow the passage of mannitol but not of lactulose. Therefore, the lactulose/mannitol ratio is primarily a standard for the normal functioning of villus epithelial cells in metabolite absorption and for normal villus blood flow.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>7875471</pmid><doi>10.1016/0016-5085(95)90440-9</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943), 1995-03, Vol.108 (3), p.687-696 |
| issn | 0016-5085 1528-0012 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_77154365 |
| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Collection |
| subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Edetic Acid - pharmacokinetics Electrophysiology Female Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen Guinea Pigs Horseradish Peroxidase - pharmacokinetics Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism Intestinal Mucosa - physiology Lactulose - pharmacokinetics Lactulose - urine Malformations Mannitol - pharmacokinetics Mannitol - urine Medical sciences Models, Biological Osmotic Pressure Permeability Rabbits Rats Solutions - pharmacology Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus |
| title | Differential in vivo and in vitro intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in animals and humans: A hypothesis |
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