Immunity to Malaria and Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium falciparum
A candidate Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine, R32tet 32 , which includes 32 tetrapeptide repeats derived from the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum , has been developed on the basis of the hypothesis that antibodies to the repeat region of this protein will protect against sporozoite...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The New England journal of medicine 1986-09, Vol.315 (10), p.601-606 |
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| creator | Hoffman, Stephen L Wistar, Richard Ballou, W. Ripley Hollingdale, Michael R Wirtz, Robert A Schneider, Imogene Marwoto, Hariyani A Hockmeyer, Wayne T |
| description | A candidate
Plasmodium falciparum
sporozoite vaccine, R32tet
32
, which includes 32 tetrapeptide repeats derived from the circumsporozoite protein of
P. falciparum
, has been developed on the basis of the hypothesis that antibodies to the repeat region of this protein will protect against sporozoite infection. The results of two in vitro assays, the circumsporozoite precipitation reaction and the inhibition of sporozoite invasion into hepatoma cells, are thought to indicate protective immunity. We therefore tested serum samples from persons living in a hyperendemic malarious area of Indonesia for antibodies against R32tet
32
and for their ability to produce circumsporozoite precipitation and to inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against R32tet
32
increased with the age of the subjects, whereas the prevalence of
P. falciparum
infection in the community decreased. Only serum samples with IgG or IgM R32tet
32
antibody titers ≥1/800 had precipitation activity and invasion-inhibiting activity of more than 75 percent. When the serum samples were fractionated by affinity chromatography, only the fractions containing purified human antibody to R32tet
32
were found to contain this activity. These data support the hypotheses that antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein are important in reducing the prevalence of malaria with increasing age among persons in areas in which malaria is endemic and that vaccine-elicited antibody to the circumsporozoite repeat region will protect against infection with
P. falciparum
sporozoites. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 601–6.)
There is now little hope that malaria, which affects 100 to 300 million persons and may cause 1 million deaths per year,
1
can be adequately controlled without vaccines. Malaria is transmitted to humans by inoculation of sporozoites through the bites of anopheline mosquitoes. The membranes of infective sporozoites are covered by a polypeptide called the circumsporozoite protein.
2
The gene for the circumsporozoite protein of
Plasmodium falciparum
encodes a protein of 412 amino acids, 40 percent of which are included in 41 tandem repeated tetrapeptides: 37 of these are Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro and 4 are Asn-Val-Asp-Pro.
3
All monoclonal antibodies raised against sporozoites recognize . . . |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1056/NEJM198609043151001 |
| format | Article |
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Plasmodium falciparum
sporozoite vaccine, R32tet
32
, which includes 32 tetrapeptide repeats derived from the circumsporozoite protein of
P. falciparum
, has been developed on the basis of the hypothesis that antibodies to the repeat region of this protein will protect against sporozoite infection. The results of two in vitro assays, the circumsporozoite precipitation reaction and the inhibition of sporozoite invasion into hepatoma cells, are thought to indicate protective immunity. We therefore tested serum samples from persons living in a hyperendemic malarious area of Indonesia for antibodies against R32tet
32
and for their ability to produce circumsporozoite precipitation and to inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against R32tet
32
increased with the age of the subjects, whereas the prevalence of
P. falciparum
infection in the community decreased. Only serum samples with IgG or IgM R32tet
32
antibody titers ≥1/800 had precipitation activity and invasion-inhibiting activity of more than 75 percent. When the serum samples were fractionated by affinity chromatography, only the fractions containing purified human antibody to R32tet
32
were found to contain this activity. These data support the hypotheses that antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein are important in reducing the prevalence of malaria with increasing age among persons in areas in which malaria is endemic and that vaccine-elicited antibody to the circumsporozoite repeat region will protect against infection with
P. falciparum
sporozoites. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 601–6.)
There is now little hope that malaria, which affects 100 to 300 million persons and may cause 1 million deaths per year,
1
can be adequately controlled without vaccines. Malaria is transmitted to humans by inoculation of sporozoites through the bites of anopheline mosquitoes. The membranes of infective sporozoites are covered by a polypeptide called the circumsporozoite protein.
2
The gene for the circumsporozoite protein of
Plasmodium falciparum
encodes a protein of 412 amino acids, 40 percent of which are included in 41 tandem repeated tetrapeptides: 37 of these are Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro and 4 are Asn-Val-Asp-Pro.
3
All monoclonal antibodies raised against sporozoites recognize . . .</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-4793</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1533-4406</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198609043151001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 3526148</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NEJMAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: Massachusetts Medical Society</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Age Factors ; Amino acids ; Antibodies - analysis ; Antigens ; Antigens, Protozoan - immunology ; Antigens, Surface - immunology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography ; Erythrocytes ; Erythrocytes - parasitology ; Human protozoal diseases ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Immunity (Disease) ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin G - analysis ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious diseases ; Laboratories ; Liver - parasitology ; Malaria ; Malaria - immunology ; Malaria - prevention & control ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Mosquitoes ; Parasitic diseases ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium falciparum - immunology ; Proteins ; Protozoal diseases ; Protozoan Proteins ; Research centers ; Tropical diseases ; Tropical medicine ; Vaccines</subject><ispartof>The New England journal of medicine, 1986-09, Vol.315 (10), p.601-606</ispartof><rights>1987 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Massachusetts Medical Society Sep 4, 1986</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-6a02e129cdc2fbc6c064116724ecc876e1acd51c664d9615951b975190808b1b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-6a02e129cdc2fbc6c064116724ecc876e1acd51c664d9615951b975190808b1b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1879374806?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,64385,64387,64389,72469</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7860579$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3526148$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Stephen L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wistar, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ballou, W. Ripley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hollingdale, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wirtz, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Imogene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marwoto, Hariyani A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hockmeyer, Wayne T</creatorcontrib><title>Immunity to Malaria and Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium falciparum</title><title>The New England journal of medicine</title><addtitle>N Engl J Med</addtitle><description>A candidate
Plasmodium falciparum
sporozoite vaccine, R32tet
32
, which includes 32 tetrapeptide repeats derived from the circumsporozoite protein of
P. falciparum
, has been developed on the basis of the hypothesis that antibodies to the repeat region of this protein will protect against sporozoite infection. The results of two in vitro assays, the circumsporozoite precipitation reaction and the inhibition of sporozoite invasion into hepatoma cells, are thought to indicate protective immunity. We therefore tested serum samples from persons living in a hyperendemic malarious area of Indonesia for antibodies against R32tet
32
and for their ability to produce circumsporozoite precipitation and to inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against R32tet
32
increased with the age of the subjects, whereas the prevalence of
P. falciparum
infection in the community decreased. Only serum samples with IgG or IgM R32tet
32
antibody titers ≥1/800 had precipitation activity and invasion-inhibiting activity of more than 75 percent. When the serum samples were fractionated by affinity chromatography, only the fractions containing purified human antibody to R32tet
32
were found to contain this activity. These data support the hypotheses that antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein are important in reducing the prevalence of malaria with increasing age among persons in areas in which malaria is endemic and that vaccine-elicited antibody to the circumsporozoite repeat region will protect against infection with
P. falciparum
sporozoites. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 601–6.)
There is now little hope that malaria, which affects 100 to 300 million persons and may cause 1 million deaths per year,
1
can be adequately controlled without vaccines. Malaria is transmitted to humans by inoculation of sporozoites through the bites of anopheline mosquitoes. The membranes of infective sporozoites are covered by a polypeptide called the circumsporozoite protein.
2
The gene for the circumsporozoite protein of
Plasmodium falciparum
encodes a protein of 412 amino acids, 40 percent of which are included in 41 tandem repeated tetrapeptides: 37 of these are Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro and 4 are Asn-Val-Asp-Pro.
3
All monoclonal antibodies raised against sporozoites recognize . . .</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Antibodies - analysis</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Antigens, Protozoan - immunology</subject><subject>Antigens, Surface - immunology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - parasitology</subject><subject>Human protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Immunity (Disease)</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - analysis</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Liver - parasitology</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria - immunology</subject><subject>Malaria - prevention & control</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mosquitoes</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - immunology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Protozoan Proteins</subject><subject>Research centers</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Tropical medicine</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><issn>0028-4793</issn><issn>1533-4406</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1986</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV9rFDEUxYModV39BCIELL6U0dyZJJM8LkvVSlv7oM9DJpPBLJNkmz8P209vyi59ENG8hHB-99ybexB6C-QjEMY_3V5-uwEpOJGEdsCAEHiGVsC6rqGU8OdoRUgrGtrL7iV6ldKO1ANUnqGzjrUcqFghf-Vc8TYfcA74Ri0qWoWVn_CtyiWqZTngjb4vNpoJb3y2Y5isSY9w_mXw1kZdXNqHGB6CzQbfxZCN9TjM-G5RyVW6ODyrRdu9isW9Ri_qI5k3p3uNfn6-_LH92lx__3K13Vw3mvI2N1yR1kAr9aTbedRcE04BeN9So7XouQGlJwaaczpJDkwyGGXPQBJBxAhjt0Yfjr77GO6LSXlwNmmzLMqbUNLQc9nXpdH_gkA57RkRFXz_B7gLJfr6iQFE3XBPBeGV6o6UjiGlaOZhH61T8TAAGR5DG_4SWq16d_IuozPTU80ppaqfn3SVtFrmqLy26QnrqxurI6zRxRFzLg3e7Nw_m_4GYaCqew</recordid><startdate>19860904</startdate><enddate>19860904</enddate><creator>Hoffman, Stephen L</creator><creator>Wistar, Richard</creator><creator>Ballou, W. Ripley</creator><creator>Hollingdale, Michael R</creator><creator>Wirtz, Robert A</creator><creator>Schneider, Imogene</creator><creator>Marwoto, Hariyani A</creator><creator>Hockmeyer, Wayne T</creator><general>Massachusetts Medical Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0TZ</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K0Y</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19860904</creationdate><title>Immunity to Malaria and Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium falciparum</title><author>Hoffman, Stephen L ; Wistar, Richard ; Ballou, W. Ripley ; Hollingdale, Michael R ; Wirtz, Robert A ; Schneider, Imogene ; Marwoto, Hariyani A ; Hockmeyer, Wayne T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-6a02e129cdc2fbc6c064116724ecc876e1acd51c664d9615951b975190808b1b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1986</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Antibodies - analysis</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Antigens, Protozoan - immunology</topic><topic>Antigens, Surface - immunology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - parasitology</topic><topic>Human protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Immunity (Disease)</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - analysis</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Liver - parasitology</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Malaria - immunology</topic><topic>Malaria - prevention & control</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mosquitoes</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum - immunology</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Protozoan Proteins</topic><topic>Research centers</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Tropical medicine</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hoffman, Stephen L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wistar, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ballou, W. Ripley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hollingdale, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wirtz, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Imogene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marwoto, Hariyani A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hockmeyer, Wayne T</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Pharma and Biotech Premium PRO</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>New England Journal of Medicine</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The New England journal of medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hoffman, Stephen L</au><au>Wistar, Richard</au><au>Ballou, W. Ripley</au><au>Hollingdale, Michael R</au><au>Wirtz, Robert A</au><au>Schneider, Imogene</au><au>Marwoto, Hariyani A</au><au>Hockmeyer, Wayne T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immunity to Malaria and Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium falciparum</atitle><jtitle>The New England journal of medicine</jtitle><addtitle>N Engl J Med</addtitle><date>1986-09-04</date><risdate>1986</risdate><volume>315</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>601</spage><epage>606</epage><pages>601-606</pages><issn>0028-4793</issn><eissn>1533-4406</eissn><coden>NEJMAG</coden><abstract>A candidate
Plasmodium falciparum
sporozoite vaccine, R32tet
32
, which includes 32 tetrapeptide repeats derived from the circumsporozoite protein of
P. falciparum
, has been developed on the basis of the hypothesis that antibodies to the repeat region of this protein will protect against sporozoite infection. The results of two in vitro assays, the circumsporozoite precipitation reaction and the inhibition of sporozoite invasion into hepatoma cells, are thought to indicate protective immunity. We therefore tested serum samples from persons living in a hyperendemic malarious area of Indonesia for antibodies against R32tet
32
and for their ability to produce circumsporozoite precipitation and to inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against R32tet
32
increased with the age of the subjects, whereas the prevalence of
P. falciparum
infection in the community decreased. Only serum samples with IgG or IgM R32tet
32
antibody titers ≥1/800 had precipitation activity and invasion-inhibiting activity of more than 75 percent. When the serum samples were fractionated by affinity chromatography, only the fractions containing purified human antibody to R32tet
32
were found to contain this activity. These data support the hypotheses that antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein are important in reducing the prevalence of malaria with increasing age among persons in areas in which malaria is endemic and that vaccine-elicited antibody to the circumsporozoite repeat region will protect against infection with
P. falciparum
sporozoites. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 601–6.)
There is now little hope that malaria, which affects 100 to 300 million persons and may cause 1 million deaths per year,
1
can be adequately controlled without vaccines. Malaria is transmitted to humans by inoculation of sporozoites through the bites of anopheline mosquitoes. The membranes of infective sporozoites are covered by a polypeptide called the circumsporozoite protein.
2
The gene for the circumsporozoite protein of
Plasmodium falciparum
encodes a protein of 412 amino acids, 40 percent of which are included in 41 tandem repeated tetrapeptides: 37 of these are Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro and 4 are Asn-Val-Asp-Pro.
3
All monoclonal antibodies raised against sporozoites recognize . . .</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>Massachusetts Medical Society</pub><pmid>3526148</pmid><doi>10.1056/NEJM198609043151001</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | The New England journal of medicine, 1986-09, Vol.315 (10), p.601-606 |
| issn | 0028-4793 1533-4406 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Age Factors Amino acids Antibodies - analysis Antigens Antigens, Protozoan - immunology Antigens, Surface - immunology Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Chromatography Erythrocytes Erythrocytes - parasitology Human protozoal diseases Humans Hypotheses Immunity (Disease) Immunity, Innate Immunoglobulin G - analysis Immunoglobulins Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious diseases Laboratories Liver - parasitology Malaria Malaria - immunology Malaria - prevention & control Medical research Medical sciences Mosquitoes Parasitic diseases Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum - immunology Proteins Protozoal diseases Protozoan Proteins Research centers Tropical diseases Tropical medicine Vaccines |
| title | Immunity to Malaria and Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium falciparum |
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