A new method to evaluate cardiovascular response in anesthetized rats hypertension after variable intensity, brief electrical stimuli
To establish and standardize a nociceptive response in anesthetized rats, the hypertensive responses to defined electrical and mechanical stimuli were studied. Rats ( n = 7) were given etomidate, 3.8 mg/kg/hr intravenously (i.v.) 2 hr following carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation. At 15 min...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods 1994-04, Vol.31 (2), p.99-105 |
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| creator | Zavisca, Frank G. David, Yadin Kao, Y.James Cronau, Leslie H. Stanley, Theodore H. David, Tal |
| description | To establish and standardize a nociceptive response in anesthetized rats, the hypertensive responses to defined electrical and mechanical stimuli were studied. Rats (
n = 7) were given etomidate, 3.8 mg/kg/hr intravenously (i.v.) 2 hr following carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation. At 15 min after beginning the infusion, four types of noxious stimuli were administered sequentially at 1-min intervals (14 stimuli total): Type 1: Square electrical waves, 125 cps, 1.6 msec, 2-sec train duration, varying current from 0.4 to 12 mA (11 stimuli); Type 2: A single 10-mA electrical stimulus, 5-sec train duration; Type 3: Tail clamping; and, Type 4: Skin incision. After each stimulus, maximum change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was measured. ΔSBP after the most intense stimuli was as follows: Type 1 (12 mA, 2 sec), 32.1 ± 2.14 mmHg; Type 2 (10 mA 5 sec), 42.9 ± 2.4 mmHga; Type 3 (tail-clamping), 34.3 ± 3.3 mmHg; Type 4 (skin incision), 14.2 ± 2.8 mmHg. For the multiple Type-2 stimuli, a relationship between current and ΔSBP was present. The authors believe that characterized graded electrical stimulation will allow a more quantitative evaluation of the hypertensive response to noxious stimuli in etomidate anesthetized rats, as compared to observing a single response to a single stimulus. The characterization of the electrical stimulation by amplitude, frequency, and wave form makes research work on nociception under anesthesia easily reproducible. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/1056-8719(94)90049-3 |
| format | Article |
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n = 7) were given etomidate, 3.8 mg/kg/hr intravenously (i.v.) 2 hr following carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation. At 15 min after beginning the infusion, four types of noxious stimuli were administered sequentially at 1-min intervals (14 stimuli total): Type 1: Square electrical waves, 125 cps, 1.6 msec, 2-sec train duration, varying current from 0.4 to 12 mA (11 stimuli); Type 2: A single 10-mA electrical stimulus, 5-sec train duration; Type 3: Tail clamping; and, Type 4: Skin incision. After each stimulus, maximum change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was measured. ΔSBP after the most intense stimuli was as follows: Type 1 (12 mA, 2 sec), 32.1 ± 2.14 mmHg; Type 2 (10 mA 5 sec), 42.9 ± 2.4 mmHga; Type 3 (tail-clamping), 34.3 ± 3.3 mmHg; Type 4 (skin incision), 14.2 ± 2.8 mmHg. For the multiple Type-2 stimuli, a relationship between current and ΔSBP was present. The authors believe that characterized graded electrical stimulation will allow a more quantitative evaluation of the hypertensive response to noxious stimuli in etomidate anesthetized rats, as compared to observing a single response to a single stimulus. The characterization of the electrical stimulation by amplitude, frequency, and wave form makes research work on nociception under anesthesia easily reproducible.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1056-8719</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-488X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(94)90049-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8032101</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Anesthesia ; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy ; Animals ; Autonomic nervous system ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - drug effects ; cardiovascular, general, etomidate ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrical stimulation ; Etomidate - pharmacology ; General anesthesia. Technics. Complications. Neuromuscular blocking. Premedication. Surgical preparation. Sedation ; Heart Rate - drug effects ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Methods ; Noxious stimulation ; Pain ; Pain - physiopathology ; Rat ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><ispartof>Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 1994-04, Vol.31 (2), p.99-105</ispartof><rights>1994</rights><rights>1994 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-d48caa8fc05642a3190b5db4684dbea4bd2fa881d68cb23de6390c9d079a15943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-d48caa8fc05642a3190b5db4684dbea4bd2fa881d68cb23de6390c9d079a15943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1056-8719(94)90049-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,45974</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4042832$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8032101$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zavisca, Frank G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>David, Yadin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Y.James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cronau, Leslie H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanley, Theodore H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>David, Tal</creatorcontrib><title>A new method to evaluate cardiovascular response in anesthetized rats hypertension after variable intensity, brief electrical stimuli</title><title>Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods</title><addtitle>J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods</addtitle><description>To establish and standardize a nociceptive response in anesthetized rats, the hypertensive responses to defined electrical and mechanical stimuli were studied. Rats (
n = 7) were given etomidate, 3.8 mg/kg/hr intravenously (i.v.) 2 hr following carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation. At 15 min after beginning the infusion, four types of noxious stimuli were administered sequentially at 1-min intervals (14 stimuli total): Type 1: Square electrical waves, 125 cps, 1.6 msec, 2-sec train duration, varying current from 0.4 to 12 mA (11 stimuli); Type 2: A single 10-mA electrical stimulus, 5-sec train duration; Type 3: Tail clamping; and, Type 4: Skin incision. After each stimulus, maximum change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was measured. ΔSBP after the most intense stimuli was as follows: Type 1 (12 mA, 2 sec), 32.1 ± 2.14 mmHg; Type 2 (10 mA 5 sec), 42.9 ± 2.4 mmHga; Type 3 (tail-clamping), 34.3 ± 3.3 mmHg; Type 4 (skin incision), 14.2 ± 2.8 mmHg. For the multiple Type-2 stimuli, a relationship between current and ΔSBP was present. The authors believe that characterized graded electrical stimulation will allow a more quantitative evaluation of the hypertensive response to noxious stimuli in etomidate anesthetized rats, as compared to observing a single response to a single stimulus. The characterization of the electrical stimulation by amplitude, frequency, and wave form makes research work on nociception under anesthesia easily reproducible.</description><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autonomic nervous system</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - drug effects</subject><subject>cardiovascular, general, etomidate</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation</subject><subject>Electrical stimulation</subject><subject>Etomidate - pharmacology</subject><subject>General anesthesia. Technics. Complications. Neuromuscular blocking. Premedication. Surgical preparation. Sedation</subject><subject>Heart Rate - drug effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Noxious stimulation</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Pain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Rat</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><issn>1056-8719</issn><issn>1873-488X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUU1rFTEUDaLUWv0HClmIKHQ0mWRmkk2hFLVCwY2Cu3AnucOLZGaeSebJc9__babv2WVd5cL5IOccQl5y9p4z3n7grGkr1XH9Vst3mjGpK_GInHLViUoq9eNxuf9RnpJnKf1kjAnN5Qk5UUzUxeSU3F7SCX_TEfNmdjTPFHcQFshILUTn5x0kuwSINGLazlNC6icKE6a8wez_oKMRcqKb_RZjxin5ucBDxkh3ED30YRXcAXl_TvvocaAY0OboLQSash-X4J-TJwOEhC-O7xn5_unjt6vr6ubr5y9XlzeVlUrkykllAdRgSyxZg-Ca9Y3rZauk6xFk7-oBlOKuVbavhcNWaGa1Y50G3mgpzsibg-82zr-WEsKMPlkMoSSal2S6ttG86Zr_EnnbdKyuV0d5INo4pxRxMNvoR4h7w5lZZzLrBmbdwGhp7mYyosheHf2XfkR3LzruUvDXR7z0D2GIMFmf7mmSyVqJutAuDjQspe08RpOsx8mi87F0bNzsH_7HXxsZsYs</recordid><startdate>19940401</startdate><enddate>19940401</enddate><creator>Zavisca, Frank G.</creator><creator>David, Yadin</creator><creator>Kao, Y.James</creator><creator>Cronau, Leslie H.</creator><creator>Stanley, Theodore H.</creator><creator>David, Tal</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19940401</creationdate><title>A new method to evaluate cardiovascular response in anesthetized rats hypertension after variable intensity, brief electrical stimuli</title><author>Zavisca, Frank G. ; David, Yadin ; Kao, Y.James ; Cronau, Leslie H. ; Stanley, Theodore H. ; David, Tal</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-d48caa8fc05642a3190b5db4684dbea4bd2fa881d68cb23de6390c9d079a15943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>Anesthesia</topic><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Autonomic nervous system</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - drug effects</topic><topic>cardiovascular, general, etomidate</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation</topic><topic>Electrical stimulation</topic><topic>Etomidate - pharmacology</topic><topic>General anesthesia. Technics. Complications. Neuromuscular blocking. Premedication. Surgical preparation. Sedation</topic><topic>Heart Rate - drug effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Noxious stimulation</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Pain - physiopathology</topic><topic>Rat</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zavisca, Frank G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>David, Yadin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Y.James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cronau, Leslie H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanley, Theodore H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>David, Tal</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zavisca, Frank G.</au><au>David, Yadin</au><au>Kao, Y.James</au><au>Cronau, Leslie H.</au><au>Stanley, Theodore H.</au><au>David, Tal</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A new method to evaluate cardiovascular response in anesthetized rats hypertension after variable intensity, brief electrical stimuli</atitle><jtitle>Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods</jtitle><addtitle>J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods</addtitle><date>1994-04-01</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>99</spage><epage>105</epage><pages>99-105</pages><issn>1056-8719</issn><eissn>1873-488X</eissn><abstract>To establish and standardize a nociceptive response in anesthetized rats, the hypertensive responses to defined electrical and mechanical stimuli were studied. Rats (
n = 7) were given etomidate, 3.8 mg/kg/hr intravenously (i.v.) 2 hr following carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation. At 15 min after beginning the infusion, four types of noxious stimuli were administered sequentially at 1-min intervals (14 stimuli total): Type 1: Square electrical waves, 125 cps, 1.6 msec, 2-sec train duration, varying current from 0.4 to 12 mA (11 stimuli); Type 2: A single 10-mA electrical stimulus, 5-sec train duration; Type 3: Tail clamping; and, Type 4: Skin incision. After each stimulus, maximum change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was measured. ΔSBP after the most intense stimuli was as follows: Type 1 (12 mA, 2 sec), 32.1 ± 2.14 mmHg; Type 2 (10 mA 5 sec), 42.9 ± 2.4 mmHga; Type 3 (tail-clamping), 34.3 ± 3.3 mmHg; Type 4 (skin incision), 14.2 ± 2.8 mmHg. For the multiple Type-2 stimuli, a relationship between current and ΔSBP was present. The authors believe that characterized graded electrical stimulation will allow a more quantitative evaluation of the hypertensive response to noxious stimuli in etomidate anesthetized rats, as compared to observing a single response to a single stimulus. The characterization of the electrical stimulation by amplitude, frequency, and wave form makes research work on nociception under anesthesia easily reproducible.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>8032101</pmid><doi>10.1016/1056-8719(94)90049-3</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anesthesia Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy Animals Autonomic nervous system Biological and medical sciences Blood pressure Blood Pressure - drug effects cardiovascular, general, etomidate Electric Stimulation Electrical stimulation Etomidate - pharmacology General anesthesia. Technics. Complications. Neuromuscular blocking. Premedication. Surgical preparation. Sedation Heart Rate - drug effects Male Medical sciences Methods Noxious stimulation Pain Pain - physiopathology Rat Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley |
| title | A new method to evaluate cardiovascular response in anesthetized rats hypertension after variable intensity, brief electrical stimuli |
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