Epigenetic regulation of the maize Spm transposable element: Novel activation of a methylated promoter by TnpA
Spm is epigenetically inactivated by C-methylation near its transcription start site. We have investigated the interaction between TnpA, an autoregulatory protein that can reactivate a silent Spm, and the promoter of the element. The promoter undergoes rapid de novo methylation and inactivation in s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cell 1994-05, Vol.77 (3), p.427-437 |
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| creator | Schläppi, Michael Raina, Ramesh Fedoroff, Nina |
| description | Spm is epigenetically inactivated by C-methylation near its transcription start site. We have investigated the interaction between TnpA, an autoregulatory protein that can reactivate a silent
Spm, and the promoter of the element. The promoter undergoes rapid de novo methylation and inactivation in stably transformed plants, but only if it includes a GC-rich sequence downstream of the promoter. TnpA activates the inactive, methylated promoter and leads to reduced methylation. By contrast, TnpA represses the active, unmethylated
Spm promoter. Only the internal DNA-binding and dimerization domains of the protein are required for repression, while activation requires an additional C-terminal sequence. TnpA is therefore a unique regulatory protein with a conventional transcriptional repressor activity and a novel ability to activate a methylated, inactive promoter. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90157-0 |
| format | Article |
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Spm, and the promoter of the element. The promoter undergoes rapid de novo methylation and inactivation in stably transformed plants, but only if it includes a GC-rich sequence downstream of the promoter. TnpA activates the inactive, methylated promoter and leads to reduced methylation. By contrast, TnpA represses the active, unmethylated
Spm promoter. Only the internal DNA-binding and dimerization domains of the protein are required for repression, while activation requires an additional C-terminal sequence. TnpA is therefore a unique regulatory protein with a conventional transcriptional repressor activity and a novel ability to activate a methylated, inactive promoter.</description><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>DNA - metabolism</subject><subject>DNA Transposable Elements - genetics</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genes, Plant - genetics</subject><subject>Genic rearrangement. Recombination. Transposable element</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular genetics</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified - cytology</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics</subject><subject>Protein Binding</subject><subject>Protein Conformation</subject><subject>Repressor Proteins</subject><subject>Sequence Deletion - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Transcriptional Activation - genetics</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><subject>Zea mays - genetics</subject><issn>0092-8674</issn><issn>1097-4172</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1r3DAQhkVpSbbb_oMEdCilPbgd7cr6yKEQQvoBoT0kOQtZHicKtuVI2oXtr6_MLntMQTCIed5h5n0JOWPwhQETXwH0qlJC8k-af9bAalnBK7JgoGXFmVy9JosjckrepvQEAKqu6xNyophiINiCjNeTf8ARs3c04sOmt9mHkYaO5kekg_V_kd5OA83RjmkKyTY9UuxxwDFf0N9hiz21LvvtUWfpgPlxVwZhS6cYhpAx0mZH78bp8h1509k-4ftDXZL779d3Vz-rmz8_fl1d3lSOq3WuGqs4RyGUlQ401Ey0nGnXoEWN5Ta-kl3H1FqLuuFWqc42zrV6XT7gatetl-Tjfm5Z4HmDKZvBJ4d9b0cMm2Sk4BI0h_-CTGiQup5BvgddDClF7MwU_WDjzjAwcx5mNtvMZhtd3pyHmWXnh_mbZsD2KDoEUPofDn2bnO27YrPz6YjxEhiUQ5fk2x7DYtrWYzTJeRwdtj6iy6YN_uU9_gHQBae_</recordid><startdate>19940506</startdate><enddate>19940506</enddate><creator>Schläppi, Michael</creator><creator>Raina, Ramesh</creator><creator>Fedoroff, Nina</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Cell Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19940506</creationdate><title>Epigenetic regulation of the maize Spm transposable element: Novel activation of a methylated promoter by TnpA</title><author>Schläppi, Michael ; Raina, Ramesh ; Fedoroff, Nina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-ba844e668a7c090516d419cbeae9e417427ff183965b4a88fabccd93b4a0c5cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>DNA - metabolism</topic><topic>DNA Transposable Elements - genetics</topic><topic>DNA-Binding Proteins</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genes, Plant - genetics</topic><topic>Genic rearrangement. Recombination. Transposable element</topic><topic>Methylation</topic><topic>Models, Genetic</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular genetics</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Plants, Genetically Modified - cytology</topic><topic>Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics</topic><topic>Protein Binding</topic><topic>Protein Conformation</topic><topic>Repressor Proteins</topic><topic>Sequence Deletion - genetics</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic</topic><topic>Transcriptional Activation - genetics</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><topic>Zea mays - genetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schläppi, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raina, Ramesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fedoroff, Nina</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cell</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schläppi, Michael</au><au>Raina, Ramesh</au><au>Fedoroff, Nina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epigenetic regulation of the maize Spm transposable element: Novel activation of a methylated promoter by TnpA</atitle><jtitle>Cell</jtitle><addtitle>Cell</addtitle><date>1994-05-06</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>427</spage><epage>437</epage><pages>427-437</pages><issn>0092-8674</issn><eissn>1097-4172</eissn><coden>CELLB5</coden><abstract>Spm is epigenetically inactivated by C-methylation near its transcription start site. We have investigated the interaction between TnpA, an autoregulatory protein that can reactivate a silent
Spm, and the promoter of the element. The promoter undergoes rapid de novo methylation and inactivation in stably transformed plants, but only if it includes a GC-rich sequence downstream of the promoter. TnpA activates the inactive, methylated promoter and leads to reduced methylation. By contrast, TnpA represses the active, unmethylated
Spm promoter. Only the internal DNA-binding and dimerization domains of the protein are required for repression, while activation requires an additional C-terminal sequence. TnpA is therefore a unique regulatory protein with a conventional transcriptional repressor activity and a novel ability to activate a methylated, inactive promoter.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, MA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>8181061</pmid><doi>10.1016/0092-8674(94)90157-0</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences DNA - metabolism DNA Transposable Elements - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes, Plant - genetics Genic rearrangement. Recombination. Transposable element Methylation Models, Genetic Molecular and cellular biology Molecular genetics Molecular Sequence Data Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plants, Genetically Modified - cytology Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics Protein Binding Protein Conformation Repressor Proteins Sequence Deletion - genetics Transcription, Genetic Transcriptional Activation - genetics Zea mays Zea mays - genetics |
| title | Epigenetic regulation of the maize Spm transposable element: Novel activation of a methylated promoter by TnpA |
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