Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing
Aims and objectives. The objectives of this study were to develop an objective and operationalized behavioural observation scale that can be used to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedures, and to test the psychometric properties of this newly developed scal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of clinical nursing 2005-02, Vol.14 (2), p.223-229 |
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| creator | Li, Ho Cheung William Lopez, Violeta |
| description | Aims and objectives. The objectives of this study were to develop an objective and operationalized behavioural observation scale that can be used to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedures, and to test the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale.
Background. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that accurately documents the manifestation of children's emotions prior to undergoing surgery or during stressful medical procedures is crucial before any intervention can be appropriately planned and evaluated. There is a lack of such an instrument with effective psychometric properties in the literature.
Design. A cross‐sectional study was employed. A convenience sample of 82 children admitted for day surgery was recruited in this study.
Method. Based on systematic literature search, a number of observable emotional behaviours with different levels or intensities were identified. A panel of nurse experts was set up to review this finding and develop the scale. Intra‐class correlation was used to estimate the inter‐rater reliability coefficient. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by determining the Cronbach's alpha. Content validity was established by six nurse experts’ ratings. The validity of the scale was also confirmed by convergent validity.
Results. The results showed that there was adequate inter‐rater reliability, high internal consistency reliability, good content validity and excellent convergent validity.
Conclusions. This study has addressed a gap in the literature by developing an objective tool to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedure, which are under‐researched in the literature.
Relevance to clinical practice. The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale was developed to provide a simple, objective and consistent method for nurses to document children's emotional behaviour during stressful medical procedures. Clinical nurses can also use this scale to evaluate preoperative interventions directed towards minimizing anxiety and bolstering coping mechanisms in children undergoing surgery. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01031.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_764244286</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>67380459</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4961-5ec7b77b5543076b055b9c4b7398e92a062c61f7632238f5d0e87fa6009fe0113</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUtv1DAURi0EokPhL6CIBV0lXL9tFkjVqAxUpZX6EIiN5SQ3bYY8hjgD03-Pw4yK1EWpN7blc79r3UNIQiGjcb1bZpQrmTINLGMAIgMKnGabJ2R29_CUzMAqllJQeo-8CGEJQDlj_DnZo1IpazmdkcP5Td2UA3YHITlq-7HuO98kX3xXVxhGP92Ti8I3-D4p8Rc2_arFbkx8VyZjBOru-iV5Vvkm4Kvdvk-uPh5dzj-lJ2eLz_PDk7QQVtFUYqFzrXMpBQetcpAyt4XINbcGLfOgWKFopdX0RVPJEtDoyisAWyFQyvfJwTZ3NfQ_17G3a-tQYNP4Dvt1cFoJJgQzKpJvHySV5gaEtP8FpQZhGIMIvrkHLvv1ECcVHOMSgEtjImS2UDH0IQxYudVQt364dRTcpM0t3WTHTXbcpM391eY2sfT1Ln-dt1j-K9x5isCHLfC7bvD20cHu-Gx-Oh1jQLoNqMOIm7sAP_yYxqGl-3q6cN_O5fn3Y7Buwf8AvIKyQA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>235003588</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><creator>Li, Ho Cheung William ; Lopez, Violeta</creator><creatorcontrib>Li, Ho Cheung William ; Lopez, Violeta</creatorcontrib><description>Aims and objectives. The objectives of this study were to develop an objective and operationalized behavioural observation scale that can be used to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedures, and to test the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale.
Background. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that accurately documents the manifestation of children's emotions prior to undergoing surgery or during stressful medical procedures is crucial before any intervention can be appropriately planned and evaluated. There is a lack of such an instrument with effective psychometric properties in the literature.
Design. A cross‐sectional study was employed. A convenience sample of 82 children admitted for day surgery was recruited in this study.
Method. Based on systematic literature search, a number of observable emotional behaviours with different levels or intensities were identified. A panel of nurse experts was set up to review this finding and develop the scale. Intra‐class correlation was used to estimate the inter‐rater reliability coefficient. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by determining the Cronbach's alpha. Content validity was established by six nurse experts’ ratings. The validity of the scale was also confirmed by convergent validity.
Results. The results showed that there was adequate inter‐rater reliability, high internal consistency reliability, good content validity and excellent convergent validity.
Conclusions. This study has addressed a gap in the literature by developing an objective tool to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedure, which are under‐researched in the literature.
Relevance to clinical practice. The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale was developed to provide a simple, objective and consistent method for nurses to document children's emotional behaviour during stressful medical procedures. Clinical nurses can also use this scale to evaluate preoperative interventions directed towards minimizing anxiety and bolstering coping mechanisms in children undergoing surgery.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0962-1067</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2702</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01031.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15669931</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - adverse effects ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - psychology ; behaviour observation ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Children ; China ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Development ; Emotional distress ; Emotions ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Male ; Measures ; Medical treatment ; Nurses ; Nursing ; Nursing Assessment - methods ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Observation ; Observer Variation ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - standards ; psychological upset ; Psychology, Child ; Psychometrics ; Selection Bias ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severity of Illness Index ; state anxiety ; Stress, Psychological - diagnosis ; Stress, Psychological - etiology ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; surgery ; Verbal Behavior</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical nursing, 2005-02, Vol.14 (2), p.223-229</ispartof><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Feb 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4961-5ec7b77b5543076b055b9c4b7398e92a062c61f7632238f5d0e87fa6009fe0113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4961-5ec7b77b5543076b055b9c4b7398e92a062c61f7632238f5d0e87fa6009fe0113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2004.01031.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2004.01031.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,31000,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15669931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Ho Cheung William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Violeta</creatorcontrib><title>Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing</title><title>Journal of clinical nursing</title><addtitle>J Clin Nurs</addtitle><description>Aims and objectives. The objectives of this study were to develop an objective and operationalized behavioural observation scale that can be used to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedures, and to test the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale.
Background. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that accurately documents the manifestation of children's emotions prior to undergoing surgery or during stressful medical procedures is crucial before any intervention can be appropriately planned and evaluated. There is a lack of such an instrument with effective psychometric properties in the literature.
Design. A cross‐sectional study was employed. A convenience sample of 82 children admitted for day surgery was recruited in this study.
Method. Based on systematic literature search, a number of observable emotional behaviours with different levels or intensities were identified. A panel of nurse experts was set up to review this finding and develop the scale. Intra‐class correlation was used to estimate the inter‐rater reliability coefficient. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by determining the Cronbach's alpha. Content validity was established by six nurse experts’ ratings. The validity of the scale was also confirmed by convergent validity.
Results. The results showed that there was adequate inter‐rater reliability, high internal consistency reliability, good content validity and excellent convergent validity.
Conclusions. This study has addressed a gap in the literature by developing an objective tool to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedure, which are under‐researched in the literature.
Relevance to clinical practice. The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale was developed to provide a simple, objective and consistent method for nurses to document children's emotional behaviour during stressful medical procedures. Clinical nurses can also use this scale to evaluate preoperative interventions directed towards minimizing anxiety and bolstering coping mechanisms in children undergoing surgery.</description><subject>Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - adverse effects</subject><subject>Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - psychology</subject><subject>behaviour observation</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Behavior</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Cooperative Behavior</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Development</subject><subject>Emotional distress</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Facial Expression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hong Kong</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Nurses</subject><subject>Nursing</subject><subject>Nursing Assessment - methods</subject><subject>Nursing Evaluation Research</subject><subject>Observation</subject><subject>Observer Variation</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - standards</subject><subject>psychological upset</subject><subject>Psychology, Child</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Selection Bias</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>state anxiety</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - etiology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>surgery</subject><subject>Verbal Behavior</subject><issn>0962-1067</issn><issn>1365-2702</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtv1DAURi0EokPhL6CIBV0lXL9tFkjVqAxUpZX6EIiN5SQ3bYY8hjgD03-Pw4yK1EWpN7blc79r3UNIQiGjcb1bZpQrmTINLGMAIgMKnGabJ2R29_CUzMAqllJQeo-8CGEJQDlj_DnZo1IpazmdkcP5Td2UA3YHITlq-7HuO98kX3xXVxhGP92Ti8I3-D4p8Rc2_arFbkx8VyZjBOru-iV5Vvkm4Kvdvk-uPh5dzj-lJ2eLz_PDk7QQVtFUYqFzrXMpBQetcpAyt4XINbcGLfOgWKFopdX0RVPJEtDoyisAWyFQyvfJwTZ3NfQ_17G3a-tQYNP4Dvt1cFoJJgQzKpJvHySV5gaEtP8FpQZhGIMIvrkHLvv1ECcVHOMSgEtjImS2UDH0IQxYudVQt364dRTcpM0t3WTHTXbcpM391eY2sfT1Ln-dt1j-K9x5isCHLfC7bvD20cHu-Gx-Oh1jQLoNqMOIm7sAP_yYxqGl-3q6cN_O5fn3Y7Buwf8AvIKyQA</recordid><startdate>200502</startdate><enddate>200502</enddate><creator>Li, Ho Cheung William</creator><creator>Lopez, Violeta</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200502</creationdate><title>Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing</title><author>Li, Ho Cheung William ; Lopez, Violeta</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4961-5ec7b77b5543076b055b9c4b7398e92a062c61f7632238f5d0e87fa6009fe0113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - adverse effects</topic><topic>Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - psychology</topic><topic>behaviour observation</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child Behavior</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Cooperative Behavior</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Development</topic><topic>Emotional distress</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>Facial Expression</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hong Kong</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measures</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>Nurses</topic><topic>Nursing</topic><topic>Nursing Assessment - methods</topic><topic>Nursing Evaluation Research</topic><topic>Observation</topic><topic>Observer Variation</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - standards</topic><topic>psychological upset</topic><topic>Psychology, Child</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Selection Bias</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>state anxiety</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - etiology</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - psychology</topic><topic>surgery</topic><topic>Verbal Behavior</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Ho Cheung William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Violeta</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical nursing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Ho Cheung William</au><au>Lopez, Violeta</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical nursing</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Nurs</addtitle><date>2005-02</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>223</spage><epage>229</epage><pages>223-229</pages><issn>0962-1067</issn><eissn>1365-2702</eissn><abstract>Aims and objectives. The objectives of this study were to develop an objective and operationalized behavioural observation scale that can be used to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedures, and to test the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale.
Background. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that accurately documents the manifestation of children's emotions prior to undergoing surgery or during stressful medical procedures is crucial before any intervention can be appropriately planned and evaluated. There is a lack of such an instrument with effective psychometric properties in the literature.
Design. A cross‐sectional study was employed. A convenience sample of 82 children admitted for day surgery was recruited in this study.
Method. Based on systematic literature search, a number of observable emotional behaviours with different levels or intensities were identified. A panel of nurse experts was set up to review this finding and develop the scale. Intra‐class correlation was used to estimate the inter‐rater reliability coefficient. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by determining the Cronbach's alpha. Content validity was established by six nurse experts’ ratings. The validity of the scale was also confirmed by convergent validity.
Results. The results showed that there was adequate inter‐rater reliability, high internal consistency reliability, good content validity and excellent convergent validity.
Conclusions. This study has addressed a gap in the literature by developing an objective tool to document children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedure, which are under‐researched in the literature.
Relevance to clinical practice. The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale was developed to provide a simple, objective and consistent method for nurses to document children's emotional behaviour during stressful medical procedures. Clinical nurses can also use this scale to evaluate preoperative interventions directed towards minimizing anxiety and bolstering coping mechanisms in children undergoing surgery.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>15669931</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01031.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of clinical nursing, 2005-02, Vol.14 (2), p.223-229 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - adverse effects Ambulatory Surgical Procedures - psychology behaviour observation Child Child Behavior Children China Cooperative Behavior Cross-Sectional Studies Development Emotional distress Emotions Facial Expression Female Hong Kong Humans Male Measures Medical treatment Nurses Nursing Nursing Assessment - methods Nursing Evaluation Research Observation Observer Variation Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - standards psychological upset Psychology, Child Psychometrics Selection Bias Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index state anxiety Stress, Psychological - diagnosis Stress, Psychological - etiology Stress, Psychological - psychology surgery Verbal Behavior |
| title | Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing |
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