Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: a review
• Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is not well‐understood. In this paper, we review the current understanding of UTIs, particularly in relationship to individuals using intermittent catheterization. • Relationships exist between the human host, infectious agent and the environment. In...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of clinical nursing 2002-09, Vol.11 (5), p.568-574 |
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| creator | MOORE, KATHERINE N. DAY, RENE A. ALBERS, MARILYN |
| description | • Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is not well‐understood. In this paper, we review the current understanding of UTIs, particularly in relationship to individuals using intermittent catheterization.
• Relationships exist between the human host, infectious agent and the environment. In the human host, the urethra connects the bladder to potential infectious agents on the perineum. A high‐pressure zone exists within the urethra at a point where the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm. This zone creates a natural barrier to ascent of organisms colonized in the distal urethra and the bladder itself has natural defences against invading organisms.
• The interaction of host defences with bacteria (infectious agent) determines whether or not the bacteria persist. A small number of bacteria and some types of bacteria are controlled more effectively by natural bladder defence mechanisms and frequent bladder emptying than a large number of bacteria.
• Eschericia coli, coliforms and enterococci are considered common bacterial causes of UTIs and are found in high numbers on the perineum. Intermittent catheterization is an effective way of bladder emptying but as an invasive procedure it remains a risk factor in the development of UTI. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00629.x |
| format | Article |
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• Relationships exist between the human host, infectious agent and the environment. In the human host, the urethra connects the bladder to potential infectious agents on the perineum. A high‐pressure zone exists within the urethra at a point where the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm. This zone creates a natural barrier to ascent of organisms colonized in the distal urethra and the bladder itself has natural defences against invading organisms.
• The interaction of host defences with bacteria (infectious agent) determines whether or not the bacteria persist. A small number of bacteria and some types of bacteria are controlled more effectively by natural bladder defence mechanisms and frequent bladder emptying than a large number of bacteria.
• Eschericia coli, coliforms and enterococci are considered common bacterial causes of UTIs and are found in high numbers on the perineum. Intermittent catheterization is an effective way of bladder emptying but as an invasive procedure it remains a risk factor in the development of UTI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0962-1067</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2702</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00629.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12201883</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial diseases of the urinary system ; Bacterial Infections - etiology ; Bacterial Infections - prevention & control ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bladder ; Catheters ; closed catheter system ; Cross Infection - etiology ; Cross Infection - prevention & control ; Female ; Human bacterial diseases ; Humans ; Infection Control - methods ; Infectious diseases ; intermittent catheterization/catheterization ; Intubation ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Nursing ; O'Neil catheter system ; Pathogenesis ; Pressure ; Prostate ; Risk Factors ; Urethra - anatomy & histology ; Urethra - microbiology ; Urethra - physiology ; Urinary Bladder - anatomy & histology ; Urinary Bladder - microbiology ; Urinary Bladder - physiology ; Urinary Catheterization - adverse effects ; Urinary tract diseases ; urinary tract infection ; Urinary tract infections ; Urinary Tract Infections - etiology ; Urinary Tract Infections - prevention & control ; Urine ; Urine - microbiology ; Urodynamics ; Urogenital system ; Women</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical nursing, 2002-09, Vol.11 (5), p.568-574</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Science Ltd. Sep 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4929-3ca1e8f39093ff38204a2dcc3ce6e8eb7ebf2b42381aa40d91594c53965e25b73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4929-3ca1e8f39093ff38204a2dcc3ce6e8eb7ebf2b42381aa40d91594c53965e25b73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2702.2002.00629.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2702.2002.00629.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13886899$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12201883$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>MOORE, KATHERINE N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DAY, RENE A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ALBERS, MARILYN</creatorcontrib><title>Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: a review</title><title>Journal of clinical nursing</title><addtitle>J Clin Nurs</addtitle><description>• Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is not well‐understood. In this paper, we review the current understanding of UTIs, particularly in relationship to individuals using intermittent catheterization.
• Relationships exist between the human host, infectious agent and the environment. In the human host, the urethra connects the bladder to potential infectious agents on the perineum. A high‐pressure zone exists within the urethra at a point where the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm. This zone creates a natural barrier to ascent of organisms colonized in the distal urethra and the bladder itself has natural defences against invading organisms.
• The interaction of host defences with bacteria (infectious agent) determines whether or not the bacteria persist. A small number of bacteria and some types of bacteria are controlled more effectively by natural bladder defence mechanisms and frequent bladder emptying than a large number of bacteria.
• Eschericia coli, coliforms and enterococci are considered common bacterial causes of UTIs and are found in high numbers on the perineum. Intermittent catheterization is an effective way of bladder emptying but as an invasive procedure it remains a risk factor in the development of UTI.</description><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases of the urinary system</subject><subject>Bacterial Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Bacterial Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bladder</subject><subject>Catheters</subject><subject>closed catheter system</subject><subject>Cross Infection - etiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - prevention & control</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection Control - methods</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>intermittent catheterization/catheterization</subject><subject>Intubation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nursing</subject><subject>O'Neil catheter system</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Prostate</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Urethra - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Urethra - microbiology</subject><subject>Urethra - physiology</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder - microbiology</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder - physiology</subject><subject>Urinary Catheterization - adverse effects</subject><subject>Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>urinary tract infection</subject><subject>Urinary tract infections</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Urine - microbiology</subject><subject>Urodynamics</subject><subject>Urogenital system</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>0962-1067</issn><issn>1365-2702</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE1vEzEQhi0EoqHwF9AKCThtsMfrLyQOKIIWFKUcijhaXmcMDpvdYu_S9N_jNFErcUBcPJb8vDOeh5CK0TmjjXyzmTMuRQ2KwhxoOSiVYOa7B2R29_CQzKiRUDMq1Ql5kvOGUsYB-GNywgAo05rPCHxx44_hO_aYY66GUE0p9i7dVGNyfqxiH9CPcejz28pVCX9HvH5KHgXXZXx2rKfk68cPl4vzenlx9mnxfln7xoCpuXcMdeCGGh4C10AbB2vvuUeJGluFbYC2Aa6Zcw1dGyZM4wU3UiCIVvFT8vrQ9yoNvybMo93G7LHrXI_DlK2SDZPAJS3kq3-TZTYYIQr44i9wM0ypL1tY4I0xSlBZIH2AfBpyThjsVYrb4sQyavf67cbuLdu9ZbvXb2_1212JPj_2n9otru-DR98FeHkEXPauC8n1PuZ7jmsttTGFe3fgrmOHN__9Afv5YrEqt5KvD_mYR9zd5V36aaXiSthvqzMLK7W8NAB2xf8AYQKtBw</recordid><startdate>200209</startdate><enddate>200209</enddate><creator>MOORE, KATHERINE N.</creator><creator>DAY, RENE A.</creator><creator>ALBERS, MARILYN</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200209</creationdate><title>Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: a review</title><author>MOORE, KATHERINE N. ; DAY, RENE A. ; ALBERS, MARILYN</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4929-3ca1e8f39093ff38204a2dcc3ce6e8eb7ebf2b42381aa40d91594c53965e25b73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases of the urinary system</topic><topic>Bacterial Infections - etiology</topic><topic>Bacterial Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bladder</topic><topic>Catheters</topic><topic>closed catheter system</topic><topic>Cross Infection - etiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - prevention & control</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection Control - methods</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>intermittent catheterization/catheterization</topic><topic>Intubation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nursing</topic><topic>O'Neil catheter system</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Prostate</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Urethra - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Urethra - microbiology</topic><topic>Urethra - physiology</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder - microbiology</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder - physiology</topic><topic>Urinary Catheterization - adverse effects</topic><topic>Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>urinary tract infection</topic><topic>Urinary tract infections</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - etiology</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Urine - microbiology</topic><topic>Urodynamics</topic><topic>Urogenital system</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MOORE, KATHERINE N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DAY, RENE A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ALBERS, MARILYN</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical nursing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MOORE, KATHERINE N.</au><au>DAY, RENE A.</au><au>ALBERS, MARILYN</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: a review</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical nursing</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Nurs</addtitle><date>2002-09</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>568</spage><epage>574</epage><pages>568-574</pages><issn>0962-1067</issn><eissn>1365-2702</eissn><abstract>• Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is not well‐understood. In this paper, we review the current understanding of UTIs, particularly in relationship to individuals using intermittent catheterization.
• Relationships exist between the human host, infectious agent and the environment. In the human host, the urethra connects the bladder to potential infectious agents on the perineum. A high‐pressure zone exists within the urethra at a point where the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm. This zone creates a natural barrier to ascent of organisms colonized in the distal urethra and the bladder itself has natural defences against invading organisms.
• The interaction of host defences with bacteria (infectious agent) determines whether or not the bacteria persist. A small number of bacteria and some types of bacteria are controlled more effectively by natural bladder defence mechanisms and frequent bladder emptying than a large number of bacteria.
• Eschericia coli, coliforms and enterococci are considered common bacterial causes of UTIs and are found in high numbers on the perineum. Intermittent catheterization is an effective way of bladder emptying but as an invasive procedure it remains a risk factor in the development of UTI.</abstract><cop>Oxford UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>12201883</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00629.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacteria Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the urinary system Bacterial Infections - etiology Bacterial Infections - prevention & control Biological and medical sciences Bladder Catheters closed catheter system Cross Infection - etiology Cross Infection - prevention & control Female Human bacterial diseases Humans Infection Control - methods Infectious diseases intermittent catheterization/catheterization Intubation Male Medical sciences Nursing O'Neil catheter system Pathogenesis Pressure Prostate Risk Factors Urethra - anatomy & histology Urethra - microbiology Urethra - physiology Urinary Bladder - anatomy & histology Urinary Bladder - microbiology Urinary Bladder - physiology Urinary Catheterization - adverse effects Urinary tract diseases urinary tract infection Urinary tract infections Urinary Tract Infections - etiology Urinary Tract Infections - prevention & control Urine Urine - microbiology Urodynamics Urogenital system Women |
| title | Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: a review |
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