Oral hypoglycemic agents vs insulin in management of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis

Objective The objective of this review was to provide pooled estimates of randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of oral hypoglycemic agents with insulin in achieving glycemic control and to study the maternal and perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design A protocol for the study was developed. All metaanalyses were performed using Stats Direct statistical software (Stats Direct Ltd, Cheshire, UK). Results Six studies comprising 1388 subjects were analyzed. No significant differences were found in maternal fasting (weighted mean difference [WMD], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–3.43) or postprandial (WMD, 0.80; 95% CI, –3.26 to 4.87) glycemic control. Use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) was not associated with risk of neonatal hypoglycemia (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% CI, 0.70–3.62), increased birthweight (WMD, 56.11; 95% CI, –42.62 to 154.84), incidence of caesarean section (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, –0.68 to 1.22), or incidence of large-for-gestational-age babies (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.61–1.68). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that there are no differences in glycemic control or pregnancy outcomes when OHAs were compared with insulin.