Acquired urinary incontinence in the bitch: Update and perspectives from human medicine. Part 2: The urethral component, pathophysiology and medical treatment

Various pathologies can affect the bladder and/or urethral contractility causing signs of urinary incontinence. In this second part of a three-part review, the pathophysiology of impaired urethral contractility (including urethral hyper- and hypotonicity) in the bitch and in women is discussed. Uret...

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