Effect of Temporal Focus on the Recall of Expectancy-Consistent and Expectancy-Inconsistent Information
This research examined the impact of temporal focus on the recall of information that is consistent or inconsistent with an expectation. A consistent pattern of results across 4 experiments indicates that when Ss' expectations are temporally unfocused, better memory for consistent information i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of personality and social psychology 1993-09, Vol.65 (3), p.458-468 |
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| container_title | Journal of personality and social psychology |
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| creator | Madey, Scott F Gilovich, Thomas |
| description | This research examined the impact of temporal focus on the recall of information that is consistent or inconsistent with an expectation. A consistent pattern of results across 4 experiments indicates that when Ss' expectations are temporally unfocused, better memory for consistent information is observed. In contrast, when expectations are focused in time-that is, Ss know when the relevant events are likely to occur-recall for consistent and inconsistent information is more balanced. Experiment 4 tied these recall findings to the amount of processing devoted to consistent and inconsistent events. When expectations were temporally unfocused, processing time and recall was greater for the confirmatory information. When expectations were temporally focused, more equivalent processing time and recall of consistent and inconsistent information was observed. Discussion centers on the role of temporal focus as a determinant of whether an event is one-sided or two-sided. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0022-3514.65.3.458 |
| format | Article |
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A consistent pattern of results across 4 experiments indicates that when Ss' expectations are temporally unfocused, better memory for consistent information is observed. In contrast, when expectations are focused in time-that is, Ss know when the relevant events are likely to occur-recall for consistent and inconsistent information is more balanced. Experiment 4 tied these recall findings to the amount of processing devoted to consistent and inconsistent events. When expectations were temporally unfocused, processing time and recall was greater for the confirmatory information. When expectations were temporally focused, more equivalent processing time and recall of consistent and inconsistent information was observed. Discussion centers on the role of temporal focus as a determinant of whether an event is one-sided or two-sided.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3514</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.3.458</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8410650</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPSPB2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Association Learning ; Attention ; Attitudes ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognition. Intelligence ; Expectation ; Expectations ; Factors ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Human ; Humans ; Information processing ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Recall ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Reality Testing ; Reasoning. Problem solving ; Recall ; Recall (Learning) ; Set (Psychology) ; Social cognition ; Social psychology ; Social research ; Superstitions ; Temporal focus ; Time ; Time Perception ; Verbal Learning</subject><ispartof>Journal of personality and social psychology, 1993-09, Vol.65 (3), p.458-468</ispartof><rights>1993 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Sep 1993</rights><rights>1993, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a538t-1b7f5185bc0d6ba2725f03103927246263a4286bd26c3511f5f9d0c97b84e6353</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27846,27901,27902,30976,30977,33751</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4896894$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8410650$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Tesser, Abraham</contributor><creatorcontrib>Madey, Scott F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilovich, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Temporal Focus on the Recall of Expectancy-Consistent and Expectancy-Inconsistent Information</title><title>Journal of personality and social psychology</title><addtitle>J Pers Soc Psychol</addtitle><description>This research examined the impact of temporal focus on the recall of information that is consistent or inconsistent with an expectation. A consistent pattern of results across 4 experiments indicates that when Ss' expectations are temporally unfocused, better memory for consistent information is observed. In contrast, when expectations are focused in time-that is, Ss know when the relevant events are likely to occur-recall for consistent and inconsistent information is more balanced. Experiment 4 tied these recall findings to the amount of processing devoted to consistent and inconsistent events. When expectations were temporally unfocused, processing time and recall was greater for the confirmatory information. When expectations were temporally focused, more equivalent processing time and recall of consistent and inconsistent information was observed. Discussion centers on the role of temporal focus as a determinant of whether an event is one-sided or two-sided.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Association Learning</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition. Intelligence</subject><subject>Expectation</subject><subject>Expectations</subject><subject>Factors</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental Recall</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reality Testing</subject><subject>Reasoning. Problem solving</subject><subject>Recall</subject><subject>Recall (Learning)</subject><subject>Set (Psychology)</subject><subject>Social cognition</subject><subject>Social psychology</subject><subject>Social research</subject><subject>Superstitions</subject><subject>Temporal focus</subject><subject>Time</subject><subject>Time Perception</subject><subject>Verbal Learning</subject><issn>0022-3514</issn><issn>1939-1315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl9r2zAUxUXp6LKuX2AwMG3py3Cm_7IeS0i7QGEwumchy9LmYkueZEPz7SeTkLVlW58kdH46l3vPBeADgksEifgMIcYlYYguOVuSJWXVEVggSWSJCGLHYHEA3oJ3KT1ACCnD-AScVBRBzuAC_Fg7Z81YBFfc234IUXfFTTBTKoIvxp-2-GaN7rpZXz8OmdTebMtV8KlNo_VjoX3zVNl480fbeBdir8c2-PfgjdNdsmf78xR8v1nfr76Ud19vN6vru1IzUo0lqoVjqGK1gQ2vNRaYOUhyszJfKcecaIorXjeYm9wXcszJBhop6opaThg5BVc73yGGX5NNo-rbZGzXaW_DlJTgEM52r4JMcJEHR18FSZ4lknwuff4CfAhT9LlbxRElFAvE_wdhKIXkkIoMXfwLQlgyiTmTsxXeUSaGlKJ1aohtr-NWIajm_VBz_GqOX3GmiMr7kT993FtPdW-bw5f9QmT9cq_rlIN3MafapgNGK8krOQ_l0w7Tg1ZD2hodx9Z0Npkpxhx9fhueFr38O_0c-w2zUNsW</recordid><startdate>19930901</startdate><enddate>19930901</enddate><creator>Madey, Scott F</creator><creator>Gilovich, Thomas</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>GHEHK</scope><scope>IZSXY</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19930901</creationdate><title>Effect of Temporal Focus on the Recall of Expectancy-Consistent and Expectancy-Inconsistent Information</title><author>Madey, Scott F ; Gilovich, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a538t-1b7f5185bc0d6ba2725f03103927246263a4286bd26c3511f5f9d0c97b84e6353</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Association Learning</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Attitudes</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition. Intelligence</topic><topic>Expectation</topic><topic>Expectations</topic><topic>Factors</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Information processing</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Mental Recall</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reality Testing</topic><topic>Reasoning. Problem solving</topic><topic>Recall</topic><topic>Recall (Learning)</topic><topic>Set (Psychology)</topic><topic>Social cognition</topic><topic>Social psychology</topic><topic>Social research</topic><topic>Superstitions</topic><topic>Temporal focus</topic><topic>Time</topic><topic>Time Perception</topic><topic>Verbal Learning</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Madey, Scott F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilovich, Thomas</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 08</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 30</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - 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A consistent pattern of results across 4 experiments indicates that when Ss' expectations are temporally unfocused, better memory for consistent information is observed. In contrast, when expectations are focused in time-that is, Ss know when the relevant events are likely to occur-recall for consistent and inconsistent information is more balanced. Experiment 4 tied these recall findings to the amount of processing devoted to consistent and inconsistent events. When expectations were temporally unfocused, processing time and recall was greater for the confirmatory information. When expectations were temporally focused, more equivalent processing time and recall of consistent and inconsistent information was observed. 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| identifier | ISSN: 0022-3514 |
| ispartof | Journal of personality and social psychology, 1993-09, Vol.65 (3), p.458-468 |
| issn | 0022-3514 1939-1315 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Sociological Abstracts; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES; Periodicals Index Online |
| subjects | Adult Association Learning Attention Attitudes Biological and medical sciences Cognition. Intelligence Expectation Expectations Factors Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Information processing Male Memory Mental Recall Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reality Testing Reasoning. Problem solving Recall Recall (Learning) Set (Psychology) Social cognition Social psychology Social research Superstitions Temporal focus Time Time Perception Verbal Learning |
| title | Effect of Temporal Focus on the Recall of Expectancy-Consistent and Expectancy-Inconsistent Information |
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