Physical and Sanitary Quality of Hand-Dug Well Water from Oil-Producing Area of Nigeria
The physical (pH, Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, conductivity, water depth temperature) and bacteriological (Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms) characteristics of 22 hand-dug wells in oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. All coliforms counts (Log₁₀ MPN/100 ml) varied from well to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2007-05, Vol.128 (1-3), p.495-501 |
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| creator | Ejechi, B. O Olobaniyi, S. B Ogban, F. E Ugbe, F. C |
| description | The physical (pH, Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, conductivity, water depth temperature) and bacteriological (Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms) characteristics of 22 hand-dug wells in oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. All coliforms counts (Log₁₀ MPN/100 ml) varied from well to well ranging from 0 to 6.0 although faecal coliform counts were markedly lower (0-3.5 vs 1.0-6.0). When both seasons were compared, faecal coliform counts were significantly higher (t test; P < 0.05) during the wet season whereas no significant difference was observed in respect of total coliforms. Unlike the total coliforms, faecal coliform counts increased in wells close to septic tanks during the wet season. Although a declining trend was observed during the wet season, the values of the physical parameters were within WHO limits. The pH was slightly acidic (Mean ± SD: dry season, 6.04 ± 0.66; wet, 6.43 ± 0.62) and may be attributed to emissions from gas flaring and petroleum refining activities, which is common in the area. While the total coliform counts reflected the unsanitary habits of the well users, the detection of faecal coliforms exceeding recommended numbers in 63% of the wells render them unfit for domestic use. The public health implication is obvious considering the increasing number of people using the wells due to the rapid urbanization of the oil-rich region. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-006-9343-1 |
| format | Article |
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O ; Olobaniyi, S. B ; Ogban, F. E ; Ugbe, F. C</creator><creatorcontrib>Ejechi, B. O ; Olobaniyi, S. B ; Ogban, F. E ; Ugbe, F. C</creatorcontrib><description>The physical (pH, Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, conductivity, water depth temperature) and bacteriological (Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms) characteristics of 22 hand-dug wells in oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. All coliforms counts (Log₁₀ MPN/100 ml) varied from well to well ranging from 0 to 6.0 although faecal coliform counts were markedly lower (0-3.5 vs 1.0-6.0). When both seasons were compared, faecal coliform counts were significantly higher (t test; P < 0.05) during the wet season whereas no significant difference was observed in respect of total coliforms. Unlike the total coliforms, faecal coliform counts increased in wells close to septic tanks during the wet season. Although a declining trend was observed during the wet season, the values of the physical parameters were within WHO limits. The pH was slightly acidic (Mean ± SD: dry season, 6.04 ± 0.66; wet, 6.43 ± 0.62) and may be attributed to emissions from gas flaring and petroleum refining activities, which is common in the area. While the total coliform counts reflected the unsanitary habits of the well users, the detection of faecal coliforms exceeding recommended numbers in 63% of the wells render them unfit for domestic use. The public health implication is obvious considering the increasing number of people using the wells due to the rapid urbanization of the oil-rich region.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9343-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16957845</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EMASDH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrect: Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. 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O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olobaniyi, S. B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogban, F. E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ugbe, F. C</creatorcontrib><title>Physical and Sanitary Quality of Hand-Dug Well Water from Oil-Producing Area of Nigeria</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>The physical (pH, Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, conductivity, water depth temperature) and bacteriological (Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms) characteristics of 22 hand-dug wells in oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. All coliforms counts (Log₁₀ MPN/100 ml) varied from well to well ranging from 0 to 6.0 although faecal coliform counts were markedly lower (0-3.5 vs 1.0-6.0). When both seasons were compared, faecal coliform counts were significantly higher (t test; P < 0.05) during the wet season whereas no significant difference was observed in respect of total coliforms. Unlike the total coliforms, faecal coliform counts increased in wells close to septic tanks during the wet season. Although a declining trend was observed during the wet season, the values of the physical parameters were within WHO limits. The pH was slightly acidic (Mean ± SD: dry season, 6.04 ± 0.66; wet, 6.43 ± 0.62) and may be attributed to emissions from gas flaring and petroleum refining activities, which is common in the area. While the total coliform counts reflected the unsanitary habits of the well users, the detection of faecal coliforms exceeding recommended numbers in 63% of the wells render them unfit for domestic use. The public health implication is obvious considering the increasing number of people using the wells due to the rapid urbanization of the oil-rich region.</description><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Assessments</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Coliforms</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Counting</subject><subject>Creeks & streams</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Dissolved solids</subject><subject>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</subject><subject>Dry season</subject><subject>Dug wells</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Economic activity</subject><subject>Electric Conductivity</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environment. Living conditions</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Faecal coliforms</subject><subject>Fecal coliforms</subject><subject>Gas flaring</subject><subject>Groundwaters</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Industrial wastes</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Nigeria</subject><subject>Oil</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen - analysis</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>Petroleum industry</subject><subject>Petroleum refining</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. 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When both seasons were compared, faecal coliform counts were significantly higher (t test; P < 0.05) during the wet season whereas no significant difference was observed in respect of total coliforms. Unlike the total coliforms, faecal coliform counts increased in wells close to septic tanks during the wet season. Although a declining trend was observed during the wet season, the values of the physical parameters were within WHO limits. The pH was slightly acidic (Mean ± SD: dry season, 6.04 ± 0.66; wet, 6.43 ± 0.62) and may be attributed to emissions from gas flaring and petroleum refining activities, which is common in the area. While the total coliform counts reflected the unsanitary habits of the well users, the detection of faecal coliforms exceeding recommended numbers in 63% of the wells render them unfit for domestic use. 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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding Applied sciences Aquifers Assessments Biological and medical sciences Coliforms Conductivity Counting Creeks & streams Dissolution Dissolved oxygen Dissolved solids Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination Dry season Dug wells Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Economic activity Electric Conductivity Emissions Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environment. Living conditions Environmental conditions Environmental monitoring Environmental science Exact sciences and technology Faecal coliforms Fecal coliforms Gas flaring Groundwaters Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Industrial wastes Medical sciences Natural water pollution Nigeria Oil Oxygen Oxygen - analysis Petroleum Petroleum industry Petroleum refining pH effects Physical properties Pollution Pollution, environment geology Public health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Rainy season Seasons Septic tanks Studies Tanks Temperature Urbanization Water Water depth Water Microbiology Water quality Water Supply - standards Water treatment and pollution Water wells Well water Wells Wet season |
| title | Physical and Sanitary Quality of Hand-Dug Well Water from Oil-Producing Area of Nigeria |
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