Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA
An analysis of chloride (Cl-) concentrations and fluxes at the 41 ha Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be used effectively to differentiate "new" and "old" water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and thr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water, air and soil pollution air and soil pollution, 1998-07, Vol.105 (1/2), p.263-275 |
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| creator | Peters, N.E Ratcliffe, E.B |
| description | An analysis of chloride (Cl-) concentrations and fluxes at the 41 ha Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be used effectively to differentiate "new" and "old" water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and throughfall, the "new" water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1023/A:1005082332332 |
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Rainfall and throughfall, the "new" water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations (<15 µeq L-1). Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, as evidenced by low Cl- concentrations (<20 µeq L-1) in mobile soil water from zero-tension stainless-steel pan lysimeters. "Old" waters, matrix soil waters and groundwater, typically have high Cl- concentrations (>30 µeq L-1). Timing of soil water transport is not sufficiently rapid to suggest that soil water from this hillslope site (20 m from the stream) contributes to streamwater during individual rainstorms. The source of streamflow, therefore, must be a combination of channel interception, overland flow and soil water from near-channel areas, and runoff from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters. Groundwater contribution to streamflow was estimated using Cl- concentrations of throughfall and groundwater as the two end members for a two-component hydrograph separation. For the study period, groundwater contributed 79% of the streamflow and from 1985 to 1995, contributed 75% of the streamflow. Rainfall was the source of 45% of the Cl- flux from the watershed in the long term; the remaining Cl- is hypothesized to be derived from dry deposition, consistent with the enrichment noted for throughfall. At peak flow during individual rainstorms, "new" water can contribute 95% of the runoff.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1023/A:1005082332332</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WAPLAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer</publisher><subject>Chloride transport ; Chlorides ; Deciduous forests ; discharge ; Dry deposition ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Environmental monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fluxes ; forest soils ; Freshwater ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater ; Headwaters ; hill land ; Hydrology ; Hydrology. Hydrogeology ; Interception ; losses from soil ; Lysimeters ; Mineralogy ; Moisture content ; Mountains ; Overland flow ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Rainstorms ; Runoff ; Silicates ; Soil (material) ; Soil water ; spatial variation ; storms ; Stormwater ; Stream discharge ; Stream flow ; temporal variation ; Throughfall ; upland soils ; Water flow ; Water geochemistry ; water quality ; Water transport ; Watersheds</subject><ispartof>Water, air and soil pollution, 1998-07, Vol.105 (1/2), p.263-275</ispartof><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a462t-652151bb173a5abd329b06e83c1b238aa1f9593b139de675bdb10c75b5a42be3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,776,780,785,786,23911,23912,25120,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2431450$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Peters, N.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ratcliffe, E.B</creatorcontrib><title>Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA</title><title>Water, air and soil pollution</title><description>An analysis of chloride (Cl-) concentrations and fluxes at the 41 ha Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be used effectively to differentiate "new" and "old" water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and throughfall, the "new" water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations (<15 µeq L-1). Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, as evidenced by low Cl- concentrations (<20 µeq L-1) in mobile soil water from zero-tension stainless-steel pan lysimeters. "Old" waters, matrix soil waters and groundwater, typically have high Cl- concentrations (>30 µeq L-1). Timing of soil water transport is not sufficiently rapid to suggest that soil water from this hillslope site (20 m from the stream) contributes to streamwater during individual rainstorms. The source of streamflow, therefore, must be a combination of channel interception, overland flow and soil water from near-channel areas, and runoff from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters. Groundwater contribution to streamflow was estimated using Cl- concentrations of throughfall and groundwater as the two end members for a two-component hydrograph separation. For the study period, groundwater contributed 79% of the streamflow and from 1985 to 1995, contributed 75% of the streamflow. Rainfall was the source of 45% of the Cl- flux from the watershed in the long term; the remaining Cl- is hypothesized to be derived from dry deposition, consistent with the enrichment noted for throughfall. At peak flow during individual rainstorms, "new" water can contribute 95% of the runoff.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><subject>Chloride transport</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Deciduous forests</subject><subject>discharge</subject><subject>Dry deposition</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>forest soils</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Headwaters</subject><subject>hill land</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hydrology. Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Interception</subject><subject>losses from soil</subject><subject>Lysimeters</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Mountains</subject><subject>Overland flow</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Rainstorms</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Silicates</subject><subject>Soil (material)</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>spatial variation</subject><subject>storms</subject><subject>Stormwater</subject><subject>Stream discharge</subject><subject>Stream flow</subject><subject>temporal variation</subject><subject>Throughfall</subject><subject>upland soils</subject><subject>Water flow</subject><subject>Water geochemistry</subject><subject>water quality</subject><subject>Water transport</subject><subject>Watersheds</subject><issn>0049-6979</issn><issn>1573-2932</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0UFP2zAUAGBrGtI64Lwj1jTBhYCfHccxt6qCggTaNIo4Rs-O26RK42InQv33uILTDsN60jv483t6foT8AHYBjIvL6RUwJlnJhdjHFzIBqUTGteBfyYSxXGeFVvob-R7jmqWjSzUhZhHQtv2KNrs6-M6vWku3ODSvuIt0jPsb23Q-tLWjONChcfQP9r5D-uDHfsC2p39ddBhsQ59xcCE2rj6nc-fDqsVz-vQ4PSIHS-yiO_7Ih2Rxc72Y3Wb3v-d3s-l9hnnBh6yQHCQYA0qgRFMLrg0rXCksGC5KRFhqqYUBoWtXKGlqA8ymLDHnxolDcvZedhv8y-jiUG3aaF3XYe_8GCuVHoPmWiV5-l_JixKkhPJTCIXMpcpZgj__gWs_hj5Nm9oyobRkOqFfHwijxW4ZsLdtrLah3WDYVTwXkMt9rZN3tkRf4Sok8vTIGQiWVpnvv-ANfvCUKg</recordid><startdate>19980701</startdate><enddate>19980701</enddate><creator>Peters, N.E</creator><creator>Ratcliffe, E.B</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980701</creationdate><title>Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA</title><author>Peters, N.E ; Ratcliffe, E.B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a462t-652151bb173a5abd329b06e83c1b238aa1f9593b139de675bdb10c75b5a42be3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Chloride transport</topic><topic>Chlorides</topic><topic>Deciduous forests</topic><topic>discharge</topic><topic>Dry deposition</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>forest soils</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Headwaters</topic><topic>hill land</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Hydrology. 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Peters, N.E</au><au>Ratcliffe, E.B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA</atitle><jtitle>Water, air and soil pollution</jtitle><date>1998-07-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>105</volume><issue>1/2</issue><spage>263</spage><epage>275</epage><pages>263-275</pages><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><coden>WAPLAC</coden><abstract>An analysis of chloride (Cl-) concentrations and fluxes at the 41 ha Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be used effectively to differentiate "new" and "old" water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and throughfall, the "new" water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations (<15 µeq L-1). Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, as evidenced by low Cl- concentrations (<20 µeq L-1) in mobile soil water from zero-tension stainless-steel pan lysimeters. "Old" waters, matrix soil waters and groundwater, typically have high Cl- concentrations (>30 µeq L-1). Timing of soil water transport is not sufficiently rapid to suggest that soil water from this hillslope site (20 m from the stream) contributes to streamwater during individual rainstorms. The source of streamflow, therefore, must be a combination of channel interception, overland flow and soil water from near-channel areas, and runoff from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters. Groundwater contribution to streamflow was estimated using Cl- concentrations of throughfall and groundwater as the two end members for a two-component hydrograph separation. For the study period, groundwater contributed 79% of the streamflow and from 1985 to 1995, contributed 75% of the streamflow. Rainfall was the source of 45% of the Cl- flux from the watershed in the long term; the remaining Cl- is hypothesized to be derived from dry deposition, consistent with the enrichment noted for throughfall. At peak flow during individual rainstorms, "new" water can contribute 95% of the runoff.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer</pub><doi>10.1023/A:1005082332332</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Water, air and soil pollution, 1998-07, Vol.105 (1/2), p.263-275 |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Chloride transport Chlorides Deciduous forests discharge Dry deposition Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Environmental monitoring Exact sciences and technology Fluxes forest soils Freshwater Geochemistry Groundwater Headwaters hill land Hydrology Hydrology. Hydrogeology Interception losses from soil Lysimeters Mineralogy Moisture content Mountains Overland flow Rain Rainfall Rainstorms Runoff Silicates Soil (material) Soil water spatial variation storms Stormwater Stream discharge Stream flow temporal variation Throughfall upland soils Water flow Water geochemistry water quality Water transport Watersheds |
| title | Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA |
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