Geochemistry of Coalbed Natural Gas (CBNG) Produced Water in Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Salinity and Sodicity
Extraction of natural gas from a confined coal aquifer requires the pumping of large amounts of groundwater, commonly referred to as produced water. Produced water from the extraction of coalbed natural gas is typically disposed into nearby constructed discharge ponds. The objective of this study wa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2007-09, Vol.184 (1-4), p.49-61 |
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| description | Extraction of natural gas from a confined coal aquifer requires the pumping of large amounts of groundwater, commonly referred to as produced water. Produced water from the extraction of coalbed natural gas is typically disposed into nearby constructed discharge ponds. The objective of this study was to collect produced water samples at outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds and monitor pH, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and alkalinity. Outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds were sampled from five different watersheds including Cheyenne River (CHR), Belle Fourche River (BFR), Little Powder River (LPR), Powder River (PR), and Tongue River (TR) within the Powder River Basin (PRB), Wyoming from 2003 to 2005. From Na, Ca, and Mg measurements, sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) were calculated, and used in a regression model. Results suggest that outfalls are chemically different from corresponding discharge ponds. Sodium, alkalinity, and pH all tend to increase, possibly due to environmental factors such as evaporation, while Ca decreased from outfalls to associated discharge ponds due to calcite precipitation. Watersheds examined in this study were chemically different form each other and most discharge ponds with in individual watersheds tended to increase in Na and SAR from 2003 to 2005. Since discharge pond water was chemically changing as a function of watershed chemistry, we predicted SAR of discharge pond water using a regression model. The predicted discharge pond water results suggested a high correlation (R ² = 0.83) to discharge well SAR. Overall, results of this study will be useful for landowners, water quality managers, and industry in properly managing produced water from the natural gas extraction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11270-007-9398-9 |
| format | Article |
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J</creator><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Richard E ; Reddy, K. J</creatorcontrib><description>Extraction of natural gas from a confined coal aquifer requires the pumping of large amounts of groundwater, commonly referred to as produced water. Produced water from the extraction of coalbed natural gas is typically disposed into nearby constructed discharge ponds. The objective of this study was to collect produced water samples at outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds and monitor pH, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and alkalinity. Outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds were sampled from five different watersheds including Cheyenne River (CHR), Belle Fourche River (BFR), Little Powder River (LPR), Powder River (PR), and Tongue River (TR) within the Powder River Basin (PRB), Wyoming from 2003 to 2005. From Na, Ca, and Mg measurements, sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) were calculated, and used in a regression model. Results suggest that outfalls are chemically different from corresponding discharge ponds. Sodium, alkalinity, and pH all tend to increase, possibly due to environmental factors such as evaporation, while Ca decreased from outfalls to associated discharge ponds due to calcite precipitation. Watersheds examined in this study were chemically different form each other and most discharge ponds with in individual watersheds tended to increase in Na and SAR from 2003 to 2005. Since discharge pond water was chemically changing as a function of watershed chemistry, we predicted SAR of discharge pond water using a regression model. The predicted discharge pond water results suggested a high correlation (R ² = 0.83) to discharge well SAR. Overall, results of this study will be useful for landowners, water quality managers, and industry in properly managing produced water from the natural gas extraction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11270-007-9398-9</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WAPLAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Alkalinity ; Applied sciences ; Aquifers ; Biological and physicochemical phenomena ; Calcite ; calcium ; discharge ponds ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Electrical conductivity ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environmental factors ; Environmental monitoring ; Evaporation ; Exact sciences and technology ; Freshwater ; gas production (biological) ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; Industrial wastewaters ; Magnesium ; Natural gas ; Natural water pollution ; Outfalls ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Ponds ; Powder ; prediction ; regression analysis ; River basins ; Rivers ; salinity ; sodicity ; Sodium ; statistical models ; waste lagoons ; Wastewaters ; Water analysis ; water pollution ; Water quality ; Water quality management ; Water sampling ; Water treatment and pollution ; Watersheds</subject><ispartof>Water, air, and soil pollution, 2007-09, Vol.184 (1-4), p.49-61</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a412t-1a205620ff08482078e6b53dd1160f66100983119b0e404994d87979c47db4503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a412t-1a205620ff08482078e6b53dd1160f66100983119b0e404994d87979c47db4503</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27915,27916</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19054229$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Richard E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, K. J</creatorcontrib><title>Geochemistry of Coalbed Natural Gas (CBNG) Produced Water in Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Salinity and Sodicity</title><title>Water, air, and soil pollution</title><description>Extraction of natural gas from a confined coal aquifer requires the pumping of large amounts of groundwater, commonly referred to as produced water. Produced water from the extraction of coalbed natural gas is typically disposed into nearby constructed discharge ponds. The objective of this study was to collect produced water samples at outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds and monitor pH, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and alkalinity. Outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds were sampled from five different watersheds including Cheyenne River (CHR), Belle Fourche River (BFR), Little Powder River (LPR), Powder River (PR), and Tongue River (TR) within the Powder River Basin (PRB), Wyoming from 2003 to 2005. From Na, Ca, and Mg measurements, sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) were calculated, and used in a regression model. Results suggest that outfalls are chemically different from corresponding discharge ponds. Sodium, alkalinity, and pH all tend to increase, possibly due to environmental factors such as evaporation, while Ca decreased from outfalls to associated discharge ponds due to calcite precipitation. Watersheds examined in this study were chemically different form each other and most discharge ponds with in individual watersheds tended to increase in Na and SAR from 2003 to 2005. Since discharge pond water was chemically changing as a function of watershed chemistry, we predicted SAR of discharge pond water using a regression model. The predicted discharge pond water results suggested a high correlation (R ² = 0.83) to discharge well SAR. Overall, results of this study will be useful for landowners, water quality managers, and industry in properly managing produced water from the natural gas extraction.</description><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Biological and physicochemical phenomena</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>calcium</subject><subject>discharge ponds</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>gas production (biological)</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>hydrochemistry</subject><subject>Industrial wastewaters</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Natural gas</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Outfalls</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Ponds</subject><subject>Powder</subject><subject>prediction</subject><subject>regression analysis</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>salinity</subject><subject>sodicity</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>statistical models</subject><subject>waste lagoons</subject><subject>Wastewaters</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>water pollution</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water quality management</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><subject>Watersheds</subject><issn>0049-6979</issn><issn>1573-2932</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV9rFDEUxYNYcG39AD4ZBGsLjt78mUnim13aVSi1uJY-hruTTE2ZndRkRtlvb4YtCD6Yh-SE_O4hh0PISwbvGYD6kBnjCqoiKyOMrswTsmC1EhU3gj8lCwBpqsYo84w8z_keyjJaLUhc-dj-8NuQx7SjsaPLiP3GO3qF45SwpyvM9GR5drU6pdcpuqktb7c4-kTDQK_jb1fUt_Cr7GeYw_CO3u7iNgx3H-ka-zCEcUdxcHQdXWjL5YgcdNhn_-LxPCQ3F-ffl5-ry6-rL8tPlxVKxseKIYe64dB1oKXmoLRvNrVwjrEGuqZh8_cFY2YDXpZoRjqtSrpWKreRNYhD8nbv-5Diz8nn0ZaIre97HHycslW1EUxxPZPH_yU5NMJwqQr4-h_wPk5pKCmKGwglGm0KxPZQm2LOyXf2IYUtpp1lYOem7L4pO8u5KTvPvHk0xtxi3yUc2pD_DhqoJecz92rPdRgt3qXC3Kw5MAGgARjX4g9kHpiv</recordid><startdate>20070901</startdate><enddate>20070901</enddate><creator>Jackson, Richard E</creator><creator>Reddy, K. 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Geothermics</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>gas production (biological)</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>hydrochemistry</topic><topic>Industrial wastewaters</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Natural gas</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Outfalls</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Ponds</topic><topic>Powder</topic><topic>prediction</topic><topic>regression analysis</topic><topic>River basins</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>salinity</topic><topic>sodicity</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>statistical models</topic><topic>waste lagoons</topic><topic>Wastewaters</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>water pollution</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water quality management</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><topic>Watersheds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Richard E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, K. 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J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geochemistry of Coalbed Natural Gas (CBNG) Produced Water in Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Salinity and Sodicity</atitle><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle><date>2007-09-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>184</volume><issue>1-4</issue><spage>49</spage><epage>61</epage><pages>49-61</pages><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><coden>WAPLAC</coden><abstract>Extraction of natural gas from a confined coal aquifer requires the pumping of large amounts of groundwater, commonly referred to as produced water. Produced water from the extraction of coalbed natural gas is typically disposed into nearby constructed discharge ponds. The objective of this study was to collect produced water samples at outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds and monitor pH, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and alkalinity. Outfalls and corresponding discharge ponds were sampled from five different watersheds including Cheyenne River (CHR), Belle Fourche River (BFR), Little Powder River (LPR), Powder River (PR), and Tongue River (TR) within the Powder River Basin (PRB), Wyoming from 2003 to 2005. From Na, Ca, and Mg measurements, sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) were calculated, and used in a regression model. Results suggest that outfalls are chemically different from corresponding discharge ponds. Sodium, alkalinity, and pH all tend to increase, possibly due to environmental factors such as evaporation, while Ca decreased from outfalls to associated discharge ponds due to calcite precipitation. Watersheds examined in this study were chemically different form each other and most discharge ponds with in individual watersheds tended to increase in Na and SAR from 2003 to 2005. Since discharge pond water was chemically changing as a function of watershed chemistry, we predicted SAR of discharge pond water using a regression model. The predicted discharge pond water results suggested a high correlation (R ² = 0.83) to discharge well SAR. Overall, results of this study will be useful for landowners, water quality managers, and industry in properly managing produced water from the natural gas extraction.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-007-9398-9</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Water, air, and soil pollution, 2007-09, Vol.184 (1-4), p.49-61 |
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| subjects | Alkalinity Applied sciences Aquifers Biological and physicochemical phenomena Calcite calcium discharge ponds Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Electrical conductivity Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental factors Environmental monitoring Evaporation Exact sciences and technology Freshwater gas production (biological) Geochemistry Groundwater hydrochemistry Industrial wastewaters Magnesium Natural gas Natural water pollution Outfalls Pollution Pollution, environment geology Ponds Powder prediction regression analysis River basins Rivers salinity sodicity Sodium statistical models waste lagoons Wastewaters Water analysis water pollution Water quality Water quality management Water sampling Water treatment and pollution Watersheds |
| title | Geochemistry of Coalbed Natural Gas (CBNG) Produced Water in Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Salinity and Sodicity |
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