DRD4 promoter SNPs and gender effects on extraversion in African Americans
There is strong evidence for genetic influences on personality traits. Interest in one such gene, the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) grew after an exon III polymorphism was associated with Novelty Seeking and related measures of Extraversion. However, the findings were not confirmed in later studies. R...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular psychiatry 2002-08, Vol.7 (7), p.786-789 |
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| description | There is strong evidence for genetic influences on personality traits. Interest in one such gene, the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) grew after an exon III polymorphism was associated with Novelty Seeking and related measures of Extraversion. However, the findings were not confirmed in later studies. Recently, a -521C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the promoter region of the DRD4 gene was found to be related to Novelty Seeking scores in populations from Japan and Hungary. Since little is known about the role DRD4 plays in personality in other populations we evaluated if two DRD4 promoter SNPs, -521C/T and -616C/G, were related to personality traits in African Americans. Personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI in 71 unrelated African Americans. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were performed to evaluate the effects of gender and -616 and -521 genotypes on personality traits. A significant three-way interaction effect from gender, -616 genotype, and -521 genotype was observed for Extraversion scores (F(1,54) 5.86, P < 0.02). Subsequent analyses revealed that the association was mainly due to -521C/T genotype among females (P = 0.01). This study provides further evidence that genetic variation within the DRD4 promoter and gender differences contribute to variation in Novelty Seeking behaviors such as Extraversion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.mp.4001075 |
| format | Article |
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B ; TAYLOR, R. E ; ADAMS-CAMPBELL, L ; KITTLES, R. A</creator><creatorcontrib>BOOKMAN, E. B ; TAYLOR, R. E ; ADAMS-CAMPBELL, L ; KITTLES, R. A</creatorcontrib><description>There is strong evidence for genetic influences on personality traits. Interest in one such gene, the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) grew after an exon III polymorphism was associated with Novelty Seeking and related measures of Extraversion. However, the findings were not confirmed in later studies. Recently, a -521C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the promoter region of the DRD4 gene was found to be related to Novelty Seeking scores in populations from Japan and Hungary. Since little is known about the role DRD4 plays in personality in other populations we evaluated if two DRD4 promoter SNPs, -521C/T and -616C/G, were related to personality traits in African Americans. Personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI in 71 unrelated African Americans. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were performed to evaluate the effects of gender and -616 and -521 genotypes on personality traits. A significant three-way interaction effect from gender, -616 genotype, and -521 genotype was observed for Extraversion scores (F(1,54) 5.86, P < 0.02). Subsequent analyses revealed that the association was mainly due to -521C/T genotype among females (P = 0.01). This study provides further evidence that genetic variation within the DRD4 promoter and gender differences contribute to variation in Novelty Seeking behaviors such as Extraversion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1359-4184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5578</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001075</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12192624</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basingstoke: Nature Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Adult ; African Americans ; Behavior ; Biological and medical sciences ; Black or African American ; Black People - genetics ; Demographic aspects ; Dopamine ; Dopamine D4 receptors ; Dopamine receptors ; Extraversion ; Extraversion, Psychological ; Female ; Gender ; Gene Frequency ; Gene polymorphism ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic diversity ; Genotype ; Genotype & phenotype ; Genotyping ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Novelty ; Personality ; Personality traits ; Physiological aspects ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Polymorphism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics ; Promoters (Genetics) ; Psychological aspects ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems ; Psychopathology. 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B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAYLOR, R. E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ADAMS-CAMPBELL, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KITTLES, R. A</creatorcontrib><title>DRD4 promoter SNPs and gender effects on extraversion in African Americans</title><title>Molecular psychiatry</title><addtitle>Mol Psychiatry</addtitle><description>There is strong evidence for genetic influences on personality traits. Interest in one such gene, the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) grew after an exon III polymorphism was associated with Novelty Seeking and related measures of Extraversion. However, the findings were not confirmed in later studies. Recently, a -521C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the promoter region of the DRD4 gene was found to be related to Novelty Seeking scores in populations from Japan and Hungary. Since little is known about the role DRD4 plays in personality in other populations we evaluated if two DRD4 promoter SNPs, -521C/T and -616C/G, were related to personality traits in African Americans. Personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI in 71 unrelated African Americans. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were performed to evaluate the effects of gender and -616 and -521 genotypes on personality traits. A significant three-way interaction effect from gender, -616 genotype, and -521 genotype was observed for Extraversion scores (F(1,54) 5.86, P < 0.02). Subsequent analyses revealed that the association was mainly due to -521C/T genotype among females (P = 0.01). This study provides further evidence that genetic variation within the DRD4 promoter and gender differences contribute to variation in Novelty Seeking behaviors such as Extraversion.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Black or African American</subject><subject>Black People - genetics</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Dopamine D4 receptors</subject><subject>Dopamine receptors</subject><subject>Extraversion</subject><subject>Extraversion, Psychological</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gene Frequency</subject><subject>Gene polymorphism</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Genotyping</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Novelty</subject><subject>Personality</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics</subject><subject>Promoters (Genetics)</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Receptors, Dopamine D2 - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Dopamine D4</subject><subject>Restriction fragment length polymorphism</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Single nucleotide polymorphisms</subject><subject>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</subject><subject>Techniques and methods</subject><issn>1359-4184</issn><issn>1476-5578</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kstv1DAQhyNERUvhyBVFIOgpi8fP5Ljqg4IqQDzOlhOPq6wSZ2tnK_jvmdJIKxAgH2bG_mb8s2eK4hmwFTBRv8mb1bhdScaAGfWgOAJpdKWUqR-SL1RTSajlYfE45w0xdKgeFYfAoeGay6Pi_dnnM1lu0zROM6byy4dPuXTRl9cYPcUYAnZzLqdY4vc5uVtMuaegj-U6pL5zZEf85eQnxUFwQ8aniz0uvl2cfz29rK4-vn13ur6qOmnEXGntIdSgZXDYIglpPHN1jV7xVnhmmA4eG6-BKQFMejTQ6pZLAOackSiOi5P7uqT6Zod5tmOfOxwGF3HaZWtUI0CzhhH5-v8kZ4JxEAS-_APcTLsU6RWWa6mM4iA1US_-SXEAbQyofalrN6DtY5jo27q7e-2aUwcaQw0havUXipbHse-miKGn_d8SqvuELk05Jwx2m_rRpR8WmL0bBJs3dtzaZRCIf75o3bUj-j29dJ6AVwvgcueGkFzs-rznRK2AMy5-Atertpk</recordid><startdate>20020801</startdate><enddate>20020801</enddate><creator>BOOKMAN, E. 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B</au><au>TAYLOR, R. E</au><au>ADAMS-CAMPBELL, L</au><au>KITTLES, R. A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>DRD4 promoter SNPs and gender effects on extraversion in African Americans</atitle><jtitle>Molecular psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2002-08-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>786</spage><epage>789</epage><pages>786-789</pages><issn>1359-4184</issn><eissn>1476-5578</eissn><abstract>There is strong evidence for genetic influences on personality traits. Interest in one such gene, the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) grew after an exon III polymorphism was associated with Novelty Seeking and related measures of Extraversion. However, the findings were not confirmed in later studies. Recently, a -521C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the promoter region of the DRD4 gene was found to be related to Novelty Seeking scores in populations from Japan and Hungary. Since little is known about the role DRD4 plays in personality in other populations we evaluated if two DRD4 promoter SNPs, -521C/T and -616C/G, were related to personality traits in African Americans. Personality traits were measured by the NEO-FFI in 71 unrelated African Americans. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were performed to evaluate the effects of gender and -616 and -521 genotypes on personality traits. A significant three-way interaction effect from gender, -616 genotype, and -521 genotype was observed for Extraversion scores (F(1,54) 5.86, P < 0.02). Subsequent analyses revealed that the association was mainly due to -521C/T genotype among females (P = 0.01). This study provides further evidence that genetic variation within the DRD4 promoter and gender differences contribute to variation in Novelty Seeking behaviors such as Extraversion.</abstract><cop>Basingstoke</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group</pub><pmid>12192624</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.mp.4001075</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult African Americans Behavior Biological and medical sciences Black or African American Black People - genetics Demographic aspects Dopamine Dopamine D4 receptors Dopamine receptors Extraversion Extraversion, Psychological Female Gender Gene Frequency Gene polymorphism Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genotype Genotype & phenotype Genotyping Humans Male Medical sciences Novelty Personality Personality traits Physiological aspects Polymerase chain reaction Polymorphism Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics Promoters (Genetics) Psychological aspects Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems Psychopathology. Psychiatry Questionnaires Receptors, Dopamine D2 - genetics Receptors, Dopamine D4 Restriction fragment length polymorphism Sex differences Sex Factors Single nucleotide polymorphisms Single-nucleotide polymorphism Techniques and methods |
| title | DRD4 promoter SNPs and gender effects on extraversion in African Americans |
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