Illicit drugs in wastewater of the city of Zagreb (Croatia) – Estimation of drug abuse in a transition country
A comprehensive study of various psychoactive substances and their metabolites was performed in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Zagreb (780 000 inhabitants) using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). The estimation of drug abuse for five different illicit drugs, i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental pollution (1987) 2010-08, Vol.158 (8), p.2686-2693 |
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| container_title | Environmental pollution (1987) |
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| creator | Terzic, Senka Senta, Ivan Ahel, Marijan |
| description | A comprehensive study of various psychoactive substances and their metabolites was performed in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Zagreb (780 000 inhabitants) using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). The estimation of drug abuse for five different illicit drugs, including heroin, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamine and ecstasy, was made on the basis of their representative excretion rates, which were determined over a period of 8 months. Marijuana (1000 kg/year), heroin (75 kg/year) and cocaine (47 kg/year) were found to be the most frequently consumed illicit drugs, while the consumption of amphetamine-type drugs was much lower (1–3 kg/year). A comparison with other reports indicated that drug abuse profiles in transition countries might be different from those reported for Western Europe, in particular with respect to the comparatively increased consumption of heroin. Enhanced consumption of stimulating drugs (cocaine and ectasy) was systematically detected during weekends.
Wastewater analysis is a promising complementary tool to assess drug abuse patterns. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.04.020 |
| format | Article |
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Wastewater analysis is a promising complementary tool to assess drug abuse patterns.</description><subject>Amphetamines - analysis</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Cannabinoids - analysis</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Cocaine - analysis</subject><subject>Croatia</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug consumption</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Epidemiological Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Excretion</subject><subject>Heroin - analysis</subject><subject>Illicit</subject><subject>Illicit drugs</subject><subject>Inhabitants</subject><subject>LC–MS–MS</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Municipal wastewater</subject><subject>Other wastewaters</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution abatement</subject><subject>Street Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Therapeutic opiates</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid</subject><subject>Waste water</subject><subject>Wastewaters</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0269-7491</issn><issn>1873-6424</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1uFDEQhS0EIpPADRDyBhEWPZT_-mcTCY0CRIrEBjZsLLddEzzqaQ-2O9HsuAM3zElwMwPsIla2q756Zb1HyAsGSwasfrtZ4ni7C8OSQymBXAKHR2TB2kZUteTyMVkAr7uqkR07IacpbQBACiGekhMOikGpL8juahi89Zm6ON0k6kd6Z1LGO5Mx0rCm-RvS0t7P96_mJmJPz1cxmOzNG3r_4ye9TNlvyzOMMzKrUNNPCWcpQ3M0Y_K_uzZMY477Z-TJ2gwJnx_PM_Ll_eXn1cfq-tOHq9W768oqznNljatNz5xE11rF0PXcKmOMcB0IZ2UteCearhctKNnyulVWWC7RIErrHBNn5PVBdxfD9wlT1lufLA6DGTFMSTeqE9Bx9R-kEF0LTTOT5w-SrCkU8FZ2BZUH1MaQUsS13sXiU9xrBnrOT2_0IT8956dB6pJfGXt53DD1W3R_h_4EVoBXR8Aka4Z18df69I8TwKWCef_FgcPi8a3HqJP1OFp0PqLN2gX_8E9-AfNou6o</recordid><startdate>20100801</startdate><enddate>20100801</enddate><creator>Terzic, Senka</creator><creator>Senta, Ivan</creator><creator>Ahel, Marijan</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100801</creationdate><title>Illicit drugs in wastewater of the city of Zagreb (Croatia) – Estimation of drug abuse in a transition country</title><author>Terzic, Senka ; Senta, Ivan ; Ahel, Marijan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-cad6ab1d4ed8c51edb2c5aaa3d903dc46329379b3805482685c3c24eaee4cdd13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Amphetamines - analysis</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Cannabinoids - analysis</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Cocaine - analysis</topic><topic>Croatia</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug consumption</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Epidemiological Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Excretion</topic><topic>Heroin - analysis</topic><topic>Illicit</topic><topic>Illicit drugs</topic><topic>Inhabitants</topic><topic>LC–MS–MS</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Municipal wastewater</topic><topic>Other wastewaters</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution abatement</topic><topic>Street Drugs - analysis</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Therapeutic opiates</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid</topic><topic>Waste water</topic><topic>Wastewaters</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Terzic, Senka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senta, Ivan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahel, Marijan</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Terzic, Senka</au><au>Senta, Ivan</au><au>Ahel, Marijan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Illicit drugs in wastewater of the city of Zagreb (Croatia) – Estimation of drug abuse in a transition country</atitle><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Pollut</addtitle><date>2010-08-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>158</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2686</spage><epage>2693</epage><pages>2686-2693</pages><issn>0269-7491</issn><eissn>1873-6424</eissn><coden>ENVPAF</coden><abstract>A comprehensive study of various psychoactive substances and their metabolites was performed in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Zagreb (780 000 inhabitants) using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). The estimation of drug abuse for five different illicit drugs, including heroin, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamine and ecstasy, was made on the basis of their representative excretion rates, which were determined over a period of 8 months. Marijuana (1000 kg/year), heroin (75 kg/year) and cocaine (47 kg/year) were found to be the most frequently consumed illicit drugs, while the consumption of amphetamine-type drugs was much lower (1–3 kg/year). A comparison with other reports indicated that drug abuse profiles in transition countries might be different from those reported for Western Europe, in particular with respect to the comparatively increased consumption of heroin. Enhanced consumption of stimulating drugs (cocaine and ectasy) was systematically detected during weekends.
Wastewater analysis is a promising complementary tool to assess drug abuse patterns.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20510491</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2010.04.020</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amphetamines - analysis Applied sciences Cannabinoids - analysis Chromatography, Liquid Cities Cocaine - analysis Croatia Drug abuse Drug consumption Drugs Environmental Monitoring Epidemiological Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Excretion Heroin - analysis Illicit Illicit drugs Inhabitants LC–MS–MS Marijuana Municipal wastewater Other wastewaters Pollution Pollution abatement Street Drugs - analysis Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Tandem Mass Spectrometry Therapeutic opiates Waste Disposal, Fluid Waste water Wastewaters Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Illicit drugs in wastewater of the city of Zagreb (Croatia) – Estimation of drug abuse in a transition country |
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