Drugs of abuse in airborne particulates in urban environments
The presence of cocaine, heroin, cannabinoids and amphetamines, among other drugs of abuse, was detected in airborne particulates in urban environments in Spain. The levels of these compounds were determined at air quality monitoring sites by the application of a novel and specifically targeted anal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environment international 2010-08, Vol.36 (6), p.527-534 |
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| creator | Viana, M. Querol, X. Alastuey, A. Postigo, C. de Alda, M.J. López Barceló, D. Artíñano, B. |
| description | The presence of cocaine, heroin, cannabinoids and amphetamines, among other drugs of abuse, was detected in airborne particulates in urban environments in Spain. The levels of these compounds were determined at air quality monitoring sites by the application of a novel and specifically targeted analytical methodology, by which mean daily concentrations of cocaine (204–480
pg/m
3, up to one order of magnitude higher than in Italy and Portugal), cannabinoids (THC, 27–44
pg/m
3), amphetamine (1.4–2.3
pg/m
3) and heroin (9–143
pg/m
3) were determined in the atmosphere. Results allowed detecting common temporal consumption patterns between cocaine and cannabis (with week-end maxima), but markedly distinct consumer groups. Personal exposure to the levels of all the drugs detected may be considered negligible, posing no harm for human health. Given the worldwide scarcity of data on drug levels in atmospheric particulates, we present this methodology as a fast, economic and reliable tool to obtain high quality data for the monitoring of drug abuse and drug dealing in cities. Applications include the detection of changes in drug consumption trends, the mapping of drug consumption and/or dealing areas in cities, and the identification of new emerging drugs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.004 |
| format | Article |
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pg/m
3, up to one order of magnitude higher than in Italy and Portugal), cannabinoids (THC, 27–44
pg/m
3), amphetamine (1.4–2.3
pg/m
3) and heroin (9–143
pg/m
3) were determined in the atmosphere. Results allowed detecting common temporal consumption patterns between cocaine and cannabis (with week-end maxima), but markedly distinct consumer groups. Personal exposure to the levels of all the drugs detected may be considered negligible, posing no harm for human health. Given the worldwide scarcity of data on drug levels in atmospheric particulates, we present this methodology as a fast, economic and reliable tool to obtain high quality data for the monitoring of drug abuse and drug dealing in cities. Applications include the detection of changes in drug consumption trends, the mapping of drug consumption and/or dealing areas in cities, and the identification of new emerging drugs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0160-4120</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6750</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20447692</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENVIDV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Air ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data ; Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding ; Amphetamines ; Amphetamines - analysis ; Applied sciences ; Atmosphere - chemistry ; Atmospheric pollution ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cannabinoids - analysis ; Cannabis ; Cities ; Cocaine ; Cocaine - analysis ; Dealing ; Drugs ; Economics ; Environment. Living conditions ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Exposure ; Health risk ; Heroin - analysis ; Medical sciences ; Methodology ; Monitoring ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Particulates ; Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution ; Pollution ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Street Drugs - analysis ; Substance Abuse Detection ; Urban environments</subject><ispartof>Environment international, 2010-08, Vol.36 (6), p.527-534</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c456t-fb47757fe655ad05e98e20b9ac309815160e2fbd6935b692c73aeea50bae82b03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c456t-fb47757fe655ad05e98e20b9ac309815160e2fbd6935b692c73aeea50bae82b03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.004$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22980535$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447692$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Viana, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Querol, X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alastuey, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Postigo, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Alda, M.J. López</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barceló, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Artíñano, B.</creatorcontrib><title>Drugs of abuse in airborne particulates in urban environments</title><title>Environment international</title><addtitle>Environ Int</addtitle><description>The presence of cocaine, heroin, cannabinoids and amphetamines, among other drugs of abuse, was detected in airborne particulates in urban environments in Spain. The levels of these compounds were determined at air quality monitoring sites by the application of a novel and specifically targeted analytical methodology, by which mean daily concentrations of cocaine (204–480
pg/m
3, up to one order of magnitude higher than in Italy and Portugal), cannabinoids (THC, 27–44
pg/m
3), amphetamine (1.4–2.3
pg/m
3) and heroin (9–143
pg/m
3) were determined in the atmosphere. Results allowed detecting common temporal consumption patterns between cocaine and cannabis (with week-end maxima), but markedly distinct consumer groups. Personal exposure to the levels of all the drugs detected may be considered negligible, posing no harm for human health. Given the worldwide scarcity of data on drug levels in atmospheric particulates, we present this methodology as a fast, economic and reliable tool to obtain high quality data for the monitoring of drug abuse and drug dealing in cities. Applications include the detection of changes in drug consumption trends, the mapping of drug consumption and/or dealing areas in cities, and the identification of new emerging drugs.</description><subject>Air</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</subject><subject>Amphetamines</subject><subject>Amphetamines - analysis</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmosphere - chemistry</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cannabinoids - analysis</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>Cocaine - analysis</subject><subject>Dealing</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Environment. Living conditions</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Health risk</subject><subject>Heroin - analysis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Methodology</subject><subject>Monitoring</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Particulates</subject><subject>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Street Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Substance Abuse Detection</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><issn>0160-4120</issn><issn>1873-6750</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1rGzEQBmARGmon7T8oZS8luawz-lrtHhoI-QZDL-1ZSNrZIrPWutKuIf8-Mnaam3MSSM9ohnkJ-UZhQYFWV6sFhq0P44JBvgKxABAnZE5rxctKSfhE5plBKSiDGTlLaQUATNTyM5kxEEJVDZuTn3dx-puKoSuMnRIWPhTGRzvEgMXGxNG7qTcjpt3DFK0Jxa5rHMIaw5i-kNPO9Am_Hs5z8ufh_vftU7n89fh8e7MsnZDVWHZWKCVVh5WUpgWJTY0MbGMch6amMo-JrLNt1XBp81hOcYNoJFiDNbPAz8nF_t9NHP5NmEa99slh35uAw5S0kg2HGhT7WHLOGgGMZ3l5VNJKUV5LEFWmYk9dHFKK2OlN9GsTXzQFvQtDr_Q-DL0LQ4PQOYxc9v3QYbJrbP8XvW0_gx8HYJIzfRdNcD69O9bUILnM7nrvMO946zHq5DwGh62P6EbdDv74JK-WH6hy</recordid><startdate>20100801</startdate><enddate>20100801</enddate><creator>Viana, M.</creator><creator>Querol, X.</creator><creator>Alastuey, A.</creator><creator>Postigo, C.</creator><creator>de Alda, M.J. López</creator><creator>Barceló, D.</creator><creator>Artíñano, B.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100801</creationdate><title>Drugs of abuse in airborne particulates in urban environments</title><author>Viana, M. ; Querol, X. ; Alastuey, A. ; Postigo, C. ; de Alda, M.J. López ; Barceló, D. ; Artíñano, B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c456t-fb47757fe655ad05e98e20b9ac309815160e2fbd6935b692c73aeea50bae82b03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Air</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</topic><topic>Amphetamines</topic><topic>Amphetamines - analysis</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmosphere - chemistry</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cannabinoids - analysis</topic><topic>Cannabis</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>Cocaine - analysis</topic><topic>Dealing</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Environment. Living conditions</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Health risk</topic><topic>Heroin - analysis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Methodology</topic><topic>Monitoring</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - analysis</topic><topic>Particulates</topic><topic>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Street Drugs - analysis</topic><topic>Substance Abuse Detection</topic><topic>Urban environments</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Viana, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Querol, X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alastuey, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Postigo, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Alda, M.J. 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López</au><au>Barceló, D.</au><au>Artíñano, B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Drugs of abuse in airborne particulates in urban environments</atitle><jtitle>Environment international</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Int</addtitle><date>2010-08-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>527</spage><epage>534</epage><pages>527-534</pages><issn>0160-4120</issn><eissn>1873-6750</eissn><coden>ENVIDV</coden><abstract>The presence of cocaine, heroin, cannabinoids and amphetamines, among other drugs of abuse, was detected in airborne particulates in urban environments in Spain. The levels of these compounds were determined at air quality monitoring sites by the application of a novel and specifically targeted analytical methodology, by which mean daily concentrations of cocaine (204–480
pg/m
3, up to one order of magnitude higher than in Italy and Portugal), cannabinoids (THC, 27–44
pg/m
3), amphetamine (1.4–2.3
pg/m
3) and heroin (9–143
pg/m
3) were determined in the atmosphere. Results allowed detecting common temporal consumption patterns between cocaine and cannabis (with week-end maxima), but markedly distinct consumer groups. Personal exposure to the levels of all the drugs detected may be considered negligible, posing no harm for human health. Given the worldwide scarcity of data on drug levels in atmospheric particulates, we present this methodology as a fast, economic and reliable tool to obtain high quality data for the monitoring of drug abuse and drug dealing in cities. Applications include the detection of changes in drug consumption trends, the mapping of drug consumption and/or dealing areas in cities, and the identification of new emerging drugs.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20447692</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.004</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environment international, 2010-08, Vol.36 (6), p.527-534 |
| issn | 0160-4120 1873-6750 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Air Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding Amphetamines Amphetamines - analysis Applied sciences Atmosphere - chemistry Atmospheric pollution Biological and medical sciences Cannabinoids - analysis Cannabis Cities Cocaine Cocaine - analysis Dealing Drugs Economics Environment. Living conditions Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Exposure Health risk Heroin - analysis Medical sciences Methodology Monitoring Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Particulates Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution Pollution Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Street Drugs - analysis Substance Abuse Detection Urban environments |
| title | Drugs of abuse in airborne particulates in urban environments |
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