Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals
Nickel ions leached in sufficient quantities from nickel‐containing alloys may induce nickel sensitization or elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel‐containing stainless steel alloys are generally considered safe for nickel‐sensitive individuals to use. The study summarized in this paper investi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Contact dermatitis 2003-06, Vol.48 (6), p.300-304 |
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| creator | Jensen, Christian Stab Lisby, Steen Baadsgaard, Ole Byrialsen, Kirsten Menné, Torkil |
| description | Nickel ions leached in sufficient quantities from nickel‐containing alloys may induce nickel sensitization or elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel‐containing stainless steel alloys are generally considered safe for nickel‐sensitive individuals to use. The study summarized in this paper investigated 3 parameters. First, the release of nickel was estimated in artificial saliva and sweat from 4 different stainless steel alloys frequently used in dental braces. Second, in a pilot study, oral mucosa cells harvested from 3 dental patients before and after the attachment of dental braces were analysed for possible nickel content. Third, patch test reactivity of the 4 stainless steel alloys was tested on 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects. All 4 stainless steel alloys released small amounts of nickel ions into artificial saliva ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00118.x |
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Nickel‐containing stainless steel alloys are generally considered safe for nickel‐sensitive individuals to use. The study summarized in this paper investigated 3 parameters. First, the release of nickel was estimated in artificial saliva and sweat from 4 different stainless steel alloys frequently used in dental braces. Second, in a pilot study, oral mucosa cells harvested from 3 dental patients before and after the attachment of dental braces were analysed for possible nickel content. Third, patch test reactivity of the 4 stainless steel alloys was tested on 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects. All 4 stainless steel alloys released small amounts of nickel ions into artificial saliva (<0·13 µg/cm2/week) and artificial sweat (<0·05 µg/cm2/week), but no measurable amounts of nickel were found in any of the oral mucosa samples. None of the 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects reacted to patch testing with the 4 stainless steel alloys, indicating that these stainless steel alloys would be safe to use in direct and prolonged contact with the skin.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0105-1873</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0536</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00118.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14531867</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Munksgaard International Publishers</publisher><subject>allergic contact dermatitis ; Dental Alloys - chemistry ; dental braces ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology ; Humans ; Ions ; Materials Testing ; Mouth Mucosa - chemistry ; Mouth Mucosa - cytology ; Nickel - analysis ; nickel release ; Orthodontic Appliances ; patch test ; Patch Tests ; Pilot Projects ; Saliva, Artificial - chemistry ; Stainless Steel - chemistry ; stainless steel alloys ; Sweat - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Contact dermatitis, 2003-06, Vol.48 (6), p.300-304</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4528-ebfcd5dfc74f67c75042dc799ce2c670e13cadf090812f5c0f0ac31e4c906b1d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4528-ebfcd5dfc74f67c75042dc799ce2c670e13cadf090812f5c0f0ac31e4c906b1d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0536.2003.00118.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0536.2003.00118.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14531867$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Christian Stab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lisby, Steen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baadsgaard, Ole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrialsen, Kirsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menné, Torkil</creatorcontrib><title>Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals</title><title>Contact dermatitis</title><addtitle>Contact Dermatitis</addtitle><description>Nickel ions leached in sufficient quantities from nickel‐containing alloys may induce nickel sensitization or elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel‐containing stainless steel alloys are generally considered safe for nickel‐sensitive individuals to use. The study summarized in this paper investigated 3 parameters. First, the release of nickel was estimated in artificial saliva and sweat from 4 different stainless steel alloys frequently used in dental braces. Second, in a pilot study, oral mucosa cells harvested from 3 dental patients before and after the attachment of dental braces were analysed for possible nickel content. Third, patch test reactivity of the 4 stainless steel alloys was tested on 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects. All 4 stainless steel alloys released small amounts of nickel ions into artificial saliva (<0·13 µg/cm2/week) and artificial sweat (<0·05 µg/cm2/week), but no measurable amounts of nickel were found in any of the oral mucosa samples. None of the 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects reacted to patch testing with the 4 stainless steel alloys, indicating that these stainless steel alloys would be safe to use in direct and prolonged contact with the skin.</description><subject>allergic contact dermatitis</subject><subject>Dental Alloys - chemistry</subject><subject>dental braces</subject><subject>Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Mouth Mucosa - chemistry</subject><subject>Mouth Mucosa - cytology</subject><subject>Nickel - analysis</subject><subject>nickel release</subject><subject>Orthodontic Appliances</subject><subject>patch test</subject><subject>Patch Tests</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Saliva, Artificial - chemistry</subject><subject>Stainless Steel - chemistry</subject><subject>stainless steel alloys</subject><subject>Sweat - chemistry</subject><issn>0105-1873</issn><issn>1600-0536</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUcGO0zAQtRCI7S78AvKJW7LjOI5TiQsqyxapsBICwc1y7bHWXTcpdgLtH_DZOKRarpxmNO-9mdF7hFAGJQNeX-9K1gAUIHhTVgC8BGCsLY9PyOIReEoWwEAUrJX8glymtMukpq7a5-SC1YKztpEL8vszBtQJae9o580DBur7LlEX-z1Ng_ZdwJRyhxnRIfSnRMeElvqOWuwGHeg2aoOJ6s7S4R59pAc9mHs6YBpoRG0G_9MPp0kwHygSdsnnKeaZzaAddUgvyDOXC7481yvy9f3Nl9W62Nzdfli93RSmFlVb4NYZK6wzsnaNNFJAXVkjl0uDlWkkIONGWwdLaFnlhAEH2nCGtVlCs2WWX5HX895D7H-M-Ue198lgCLrDfkxKCtkI4CwT25loYp9SRKcO0e91PCkGakpB7dRktprMVlMK6m8K6pilr843xu0e7T_h2fZMeDMTfvmAp_9erFZ373KT5cUs9zmX46NcxweVl0uhvn26Vd_bzcfVmq9Vxf8A9KCoBg</recordid><startdate>200306</startdate><enddate>200306</enddate><creator>Jensen, Christian Stab</creator><creator>Lisby, Steen</creator><creator>Baadsgaard, Ole</creator><creator>Byrialsen, Kirsten</creator><creator>Menné, Torkil</creator><general>Munksgaard International Publishers</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200306</creationdate><title>Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals</title><author>Jensen, Christian Stab ; Lisby, Steen ; Baadsgaard, Ole ; Byrialsen, Kirsten ; Menné, Torkil</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4528-ebfcd5dfc74f67c75042dc799ce2c670e13cadf090812f5c0f0ac31e4c906b1d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>allergic contact dermatitis</topic><topic>Dental Alloys - chemistry</topic><topic>dental braces</topic><topic>Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Mouth Mucosa - chemistry</topic><topic>Mouth Mucosa - cytology</topic><topic>Nickel - analysis</topic><topic>nickel release</topic><topic>Orthodontic Appliances</topic><topic>patch test</topic><topic>Patch Tests</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Saliva, Artificial - chemistry</topic><topic>Stainless Steel - chemistry</topic><topic>stainless steel alloys</topic><topic>Sweat - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Christian Stab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lisby, Steen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baadsgaard, Ole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrialsen, Kirsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menné, Torkil</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Contact dermatitis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jensen, Christian Stab</au><au>Lisby, Steen</au><au>Baadsgaard, Ole</au><au>Byrialsen, Kirsten</au><au>Menné, Torkil</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals</atitle><jtitle>Contact dermatitis</jtitle><addtitle>Contact Dermatitis</addtitle><date>2003-06</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>300</spage><epage>304</epage><pages>300-304</pages><issn>0105-1873</issn><eissn>1600-0536</eissn><abstract>Nickel ions leached in sufficient quantities from nickel‐containing alloys may induce nickel sensitization or elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel‐containing stainless steel alloys are generally considered safe for nickel‐sensitive individuals to use. The study summarized in this paper investigated 3 parameters. First, the release of nickel was estimated in artificial saliva and sweat from 4 different stainless steel alloys frequently used in dental braces. Second, in a pilot study, oral mucosa cells harvested from 3 dental patients before and after the attachment of dental braces were analysed for possible nickel content. Third, patch test reactivity of the 4 stainless steel alloys was tested on 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects. All 4 stainless steel alloys released small amounts of nickel ions into artificial saliva (<0·13 µg/cm2/week) and artificial sweat (<0·05 µg/cm2/week), but no measurable amounts of nickel were found in any of the oral mucosa samples. None of the 31 nickel‐sensitive subjects reacted to patch testing with the 4 stainless steel alloys, indicating that these stainless steel alloys would be safe to use in direct and prolonged contact with the skin.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Munksgaard International Publishers</pub><pmid>14531867</pmid><doi>10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00118.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | allergic contact dermatitis Dental Alloys - chemistry dental braces Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Humans Ions Materials Testing Mouth Mucosa - chemistry Mouth Mucosa - cytology Nickel - analysis nickel release Orthodontic Appliances patch test Patch Tests Pilot Projects Saliva, Artificial - chemistry Stainless Steel - chemistry stainless steel alloys Sweat - chemistry |
| title | Release of nickel ions from stainless steel alloys used in dental braces and their patch test reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals |
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