A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children
Background: From middle childhood onwards, substantial evidence points to phenotypic differentiation between anxiety diagnostic categories such as generalised anxiety, separation anxiety, specific phobia, and obsessive‐compulsive disorders. However, little is known about the genetics of these catego...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2003-10, Vol.44 (7), p.945-960 |
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| container_title | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry |
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| creator | Eley, Thalia C. Bolton, Derek O'Connor, Thomas G. Perrin, Sean Smith, Patrick Plomin, Robert |
| description | Background: From middle childhood onwards, substantial evidence points to phenotypic differentiation between anxiety diagnostic categories such as generalised anxiety, separation anxiety, specific phobia, and obsessive‐compulsive disorders. However, little is known about the genetics of these categories and especially about the phenotypic and genetic structure of related behaviours in pre‐school children.
Methods: We examined the phenotypic differentiation and genetics of mother‐reported anxiety‐related behaviours in 4,564 four‐year‐old twin pairs, from a population‐based sample.
Results: Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for five correlated factors: General Distress, Separation Anxiety, Fears, Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours, and Shyness/Inhibition. Genetic influences were found on all five factors, but the pattern of influences differed considerably across them, with particularly high heritability estimates for Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours and Shyness/Inhibition, and substantial shared environmental influence on Separation Anxiety. Multivariate genetic analyses revealed moderate genetic correlations between the five factors. Genetic overlap was particularly pronounced between General Distress and the other anxiety‐related behaviours, accounting for about half of their covariance. Genetic variance on Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours was the least correlated with the other scales. The shared environmental influences correlated highly across the factors, accounting for the greatest proportion of covariation between Separation Anxiety, Fears and Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours. The non‐shared environment influences were largely variable specific.
Conclusions: These data provide evidence for phenotypic and genetic overlap as well as differentiation between aspects of anxiety‐related behaviours in young children. We conclude that research with young children will benefit from more specific assessments of anxiety‐related behaviours in addition to less differentiated assessments of ‘internalising’ symptoms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1469-7610.00179 |
| format | Article |
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Methods: We examined the phenotypic differentiation and genetics of mother‐reported anxiety‐related behaviours in 4,564 four‐year‐old twin pairs, from a population‐based sample.
Results: Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for five correlated factors: General Distress, Separation Anxiety, Fears, Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours, and Shyness/Inhibition. Genetic influences were found on all five factors, but the pattern of influences differed considerably across them, with particularly high heritability estimates for Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours and Shyness/Inhibition, and substantial shared environmental influence on Separation Anxiety. Multivariate genetic analyses revealed moderate genetic correlations between the five factors. Genetic overlap was particularly pronounced between General Distress and the other anxiety‐related behaviours, accounting for about half of their covariance. Genetic variance on Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours was the least correlated with the other scales. The shared environmental influences correlated highly across the factors, accounting for the greatest proportion of covariation between Separation Anxiety, Fears and Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours. The non‐shared environment influences were largely variable specific.
Conclusions: These data provide evidence for phenotypic and genetic overlap as well as differentiation between aspects of anxiety‐related behaviours in young children. We conclude that research with young children will benefit from more specific assessments of anxiety‐related behaviours in addition to less differentiated assessments of ‘internalising’ symptoms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7610</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00179</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14531577</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPPDAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing</publisher><subject>Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety Disorders - genetics ; Anxiety Disorders - psychology ; Behavior disorders ; behavioural inhibition ; Child Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; children ; Children & youth ; Environmental Influences ; Female ; Genetic factors ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Individualized Instruction ; Inhibited behaviour ; Inhibition ; Male ; obsessive-compulsive disorder ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - genetics ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology ; Phenotype ; pre-schoolers ; Preschool Children ; Preschool education ; Separation Anxiety ; Shyness ; Stress, Psychological ; Twin studies ; twins ; Young Children</subject><ispartof>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 2003-10, Vol.44 (7), p.945-960</ispartof><rights>Copyright Cambridge University Press, Publishing Division Oct 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4349-c7cdb2327ac0d0e0e938e08b4da2662a733f083ae836c68923ce248b3541a32e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4349-c7cdb2327ac0d0e0e938e08b4da2662a733f083ae836c68923ce248b3541a32e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1469-7610.00179$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1469-7610.00179$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,30976,30977,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14531577$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eley, Thalia C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolton, Derek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, Thomas G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrin, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plomin, Robert</creatorcontrib><title>A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children</title><title>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background: From middle childhood onwards, substantial evidence points to phenotypic differentiation between anxiety diagnostic categories such as generalised anxiety, separation anxiety, specific phobia, and obsessive‐compulsive disorders. However, little is known about the genetics of these categories and especially about the phenotypic and genetic structure of related behaviours in pre‐school children.
Methods: We examined the phenotypic differentiation and genetics of mother‐reported anxiety‐related behaviours in 4,564 four‐year‐old twin pairs, from a population‐based sample.
Results: Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for five correlated factors: General Distress, Separation Anxiety, Fears, Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours, and Shyness/Inhibition. Genetic influences were found on all five factors, but the pattern of influences differed considerably across them, with particularly high heritability estimates for Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours and Shyness/Inhibition, and substantial shared environmental influence on Separation Anxiety. Multivariate genetic analyses revealed moderate genetic correlations between the five factors. Genetic overlap was particularly pronounced between General Distress and the other anxiety‐related behaviours, accounting for about half of their covariance. Genetic variance on Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours was the least correlated with the other scales. The shared environmental influences correlated highly across the factors, accounting for the greatest proportion of covariation between Separation Anxiety, Fears and Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours. The non‐shared environment influences were largely variable specific.
Conclusions: These data provide evidence for phenotypic and genetic overlap as well as differentiation between aspects of anxiety‐related behaviours in young children. We conclude that research with young children will benefit from more specific assessments of anxiety‐related behaviours in addition to less differentiated assessments of ‘internalising’ symptoms.</description><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - genetics</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Behavior disorders</subject><subject>behavioural inhibition</subject><subject>Child Behavior</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Environmental Influences</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Individualized Instruction</subject><subject>Inhibited behaviour</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>obsessive-compulsive disorder</subject><subject>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - genetics</subject><subject>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>pre-schoolers</subject><subject>Preschool Children</subject><subject>Preschool education</subject><subject>Separation Anxiety</subject><subject>Shyness</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological</subject><subject>Twin studies</subject><subject>twins</subject><subject>Young Children</subject><issn>0021-9630</issn><issn>1469-7610</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1P20AQxVcVVUnTnrkhiwM3l9nv9TGKgBZBm6J-HFfr9UQxOHbYtQv577upI5B6YS6jGf3ek-YNIUcUPtFUZ1SoItcqjQBUF2_I5HlzQCYAjOaF4nBI3sd4BwCKS_OOHFIhOZVaT8hslvWPdZvFfqi2WbfMXPtUY7_NAzauxyorceX-1N0QYpawTcA8-lXXNZlf1U0VsP1A3i5dE_Hjvk_Jz4vzH_PP-fW3yy_z2XXuBRdF7rWvSsaZdh4qQMCCGwRTisoxpZjTnC_BcIeGK69MwbhHJkzJpaCOM-RTcjr6bkL3MGDs7bqOHpvGtdgN0WqppQRqXgWlBlOIlMCUnPwH3qU723SEZVwDFSAgQWcj5EMXY8Cl3YR67cLWUrC7H9hd4naXuP33g6Q43tsO5RqrF34fegLECDzWDW5f87NX88Vi9M1HWR17fHqWuXBvleZa2t9fL-3t1eL2-8XNL3vD_wLOWZ3Y</recordid><startdate>200310</startdate><enddate>200310</enddate><creator>Eley, Thalia C.</creator><creator>Bolton, Derek</creator><creator>O'Connor, Thomas G.</creator><creator>Perrin, Sean</creator><creator>Smith, Patrick</creator><creator>Plomin, Robert</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200310</creationdate><title>A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children</title><author>Eley, Thalia C. ; Bolton, Derek ; O'Connor, Thomas G. ; Perrin, Sean ; Smith, Patrick ; Plomin, Robert</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4349-c7cdb2327ac0d0e0e938e08b4da2662a733f083ae836c68923ce248b3541a32e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders - genetics</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Behavior disorders</topic><topic>behavioural inhibition</topic><topic>Child Behavior</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Environmental Influences</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic factors</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Individualized Instruction</topic><topic>Inhibited behaviour</topic><topic>Inhibition</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>obsessive-compulsive disorder</topic><topic>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - genetics</topic><topic>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>pre-schoolers</topic><topic>Preschool Children</topic><topic>Preschool education</topic><topic>Separation Anxiety</topic><topic>Shyness</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological</topic><topic>Twin studies</topic><topic>twins</topic><topic>Young Children</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eley, Thalia C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolton, Derek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Connor, Thomas G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrin, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plomin, Robert</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eley, Thalia C.</au><au>Bolton, Derek</au><au>O'Connor, Thomas G.</au><au>Perrin, Sean</au><au>Smith, Patrick</au><au>Plomin, Robert</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children</atitle><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2003-10</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>945</spage><epage>960</epage><pages>945-960</pages><issn>0021-9630</issn><eissn>1469-7610</eissn><coden>JPPDAI</coden><abstract>Background: From middle childhood onwards, substantial evidence points to phenotypic differentiation between anxiety diagnostic categories such as generalised anxiety, separation anxiety, specific phobia, and obsessive‐compulsive disorders. However, little is known about the genetics of these categories and especially about the phenotypic and genetic structure of related behaviours in pre‐school children.
Methods: We examined the phenotypic differentiation and genetics of mother‐reported anxiety‐related behaviours in 4,564 four‐year‐old twin pairs, from a population‐based sample.
Results: Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for five correlated factors: General Distress, Separation Anxiety, Fears, Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours, and Shyness/Inhibition. Genetic influences were found on all five factors, but the pattern of influences differed considerably across them, with particularly high heritability estimates for Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours and Shyness/Inhibition, and substantial shared environmental influence on Separation Anxiety. Multivariate genetic analyses revealed moderate genetic correlations between the five factors. Genetic overlap was particularly pronounced between General Distress and the other anxiety‐related behaviours, accounting for about half of their covariance. Genetic variance on Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours was the least correlated with the other scales. The shared environmental influences correlated highly across the factors, accounting for the greatest proportion of covariation between Separation Anxiety, Fears and Obsessive‐Compulsive Behaviours. The non‐shared environment influences were largely variable specific.
Conclusions: These data provide evidence for phenotypic and genetic overlap as well as differentiation between aspects of anxiety‐related behaviours in young children. We conclude that research with young children will benefit from more specific assessments of anxiety‐related behaviours in addition to less differentiated assessments of ‘internalising’ symptoms.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing</pub><pmid>14531577</pmid><doi>10.1111/1469-7610.00179</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders - genetics Anxiety Disorders - psychology Behavior disorders behavioural inhibition Child Behavior Child, Preschool children Children & youth Environmental Influences Female Genetic factors Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics Humans Individualized Instruction Inhibited behaviour Inhibition Male obsessive-compulsive disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - genetics Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - psychology Phenotype pre-schoolers Preschool Children Preschool education Separation Anxiety Shyness Stress, Psychological Twin studies twins Young Children |
| title | A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children |
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