Floral Mimicry Enhances Pollen Export: The Evolution of Pollination by Sexual Deceit Outside of the Orchidaceae

Although the majority of flowering plants achieve pollination by exploiting the food‐seeking behavior of animals, some use alternative ploys that exploit their mate‐seeking behavior. Sexual deception is currently known only from the Orchidaceae and almost always involves pollination by male hymenopt...

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Veröffentlicht in:The American naturalist 2010-11, Vol.176 (5), p.E143-E151
Hauptverfasser: Ellis, Allan G., Johnson, Steven D.
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Johnson, Steven D.
description Although the majority of flowering plants achieve pollination by exploiting the food‐seeking behavior of animals, some use alternative ploys that exploit their mate‐seeking behavior. Sexual deception is currently known only from the Orchidaceae and almost always involves pollination by male hymenoptera. An outstanding problem has been to identify the selective factors in plants that favor exploitation of mating versus feeding behaviors in pollinators. Here we show that the insectlike petal ornaments on inflorescences of the daisyGorteria diffusaelicit copulation attempts from male bombyliid flies and that the intensity of the mating response varies across geographical floral morphotypes, suggesting a continuum in reliance on feeding through mating responses for pollination. Using pollen analogues applied to a morphotype with prominent insectlike petal ornaments, we demonstrate that mate‐seeking male flies are several‐fold more active and export significantly more pollen than females. These results suggest that selection for traits that exploit insect mating behavior can occur through the male component of plant fitness and conclusively demonstrates pollination by sexual deception inGorteria, making this the first confirmed report of sexual deception outside of the Orchidaceae.
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subjects Animals
Asteraceae - anatomy & histology
Asteraceae - physiology
Biological Evolution
Diptera - physiology
Evolution
Female
Flowers - anatomy & histology
Flowers - physiology
Hymenoptera
Inflorescences
Insect pollination
Male
Male animals
Mating behavior
Natural History Note
Orchidaceae
Petals
Plant reproduction
Plants
Pollen
Pollination
Sex Factors
Sexual Behavior, Animal
title Floral Mimicry Enhances Pollen Export: The Evolution of Pollination by Sexual Deceit Outside of the Orchidaceae
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