Effect of light therapy on biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in patients with seasonal affective disorder
The serotonergic system is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in the hydroxylation of tryptophan and, therefore, in the synthesis of serotonin, while neopterin is known as a marker of cell-mediated imm...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychiatry research 2003-08, Vol.120 (1), p.37-42 |
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| creator | Hoekstra, Rocco Fekkes, Durk van de Wetering, Ben J.M. Pepplinkhuizen, Lolke Verhoeven, Willem M.A. |
| description | The serotonergic system is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in the hydroxylation of tryptophan and, therefore, in the synthesis of serotonin, while neopterin is known as a marker of cell-mediated immune activity. The present study was designed to measure levels of biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in plasma of 19 depressed patients with a history of SAD, before and after light therapy as well as in a control group. In the group of patients a significantly lower plasma biopterin and tryptophan level and a higher neopterin level was demonstrated. After light therapy, the level of biopterin increased to that of the controls but lowered again in summer. Neopterin concentrations remained on the same level after light therapy, whereas tryptophan levels increased slightly after light therapy and reached normal values in summer. It is concluded that the vulnerability for a depressive episode is enhanced by lowered levels of biopterin that, however, in SAD becomes symptomatically manifest in the presence of increased immune activity at the same time. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00167-7 |
| format | Article |
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Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in the hydroxylation of tryptophan and, therefore, in the synthesis of serotonin, while neopterin is known as a marker of cell-mediated immune activity. The present study was designed to measure levels of biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in plasma of 19 depressed patients with a history of SAD, before and after light therapy as well as in a control group. In the group of patients a significantly lower plasma biopterin and tryptophan level and a higher neopterin level was demonstrated. After light therapy, the level of biopterin increased to that of the controls but lowered again in summer. Neopterin concentrations remained on the same level after light therapy, whereas tryptophan levels increased slightly after light therapy and reached normal values in summer. It is concluded that the vulnerability for a depressive episode is enhanced by lowered levels of biopterin that, however, in SAD becomes symptomatically manifest in the presence of increased immune activity at the same time.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0165-1781</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7123</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00167-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14500112</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSRSDR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biopterins - blood ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Immune activation ; Immunity, Cellular - immunology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Neopterin - blood ; Personality Inventory ; Phototherapy ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Pteridine ; Pteridines - blood ; Reference Values ; Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis ; Seasonal Affective Disorder - immunology ; Seasonal Affective Disorder - therapy ; Seasons ; Serotonin ; Serotonin - physiology ; Tetrahydrobiopterin ; Treatments ; Tryptophan - blood</subject><ispartof>Psychiatry research, 2003-08, Vol.120 (1), p.37-42</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-6bfaf056b4ed9ba5cd14c801d5c09c39e9791c7314a4f7069ed4d6acde57ee0b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-6bfaf056b4ed9ba5cd14c801d5c09c39e9791c7314a4f7069ed4d6acde57ee0b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00167-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15139202$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500112$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hoekstra, Rocco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fekkes, Durk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van de Wetering, Ben J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pepplinkhuizen, Lolke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhoeven, Willem M.A.</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of light therapy on biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in patients with seasonal affective disorder</title><title>Psychiatry research</title><addtitle>Psychiatry Res</addtitle><description>The serotonergic system is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in the hydroxylation of tryptophan and, therefore, in the synthesis of serotonin, while neopterin is known as a marker of cell-mediated immune activity. The present study was designed to measure levels of biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in plasma of 19 depressed patients with a history of SAD, before and after light therapy as well as in a control group. In the group of patients a significantly lower plasma biopterin and tryptophan level and a higher neopterin level was demonstrated. After light therapy, the level of biopterin increased to that of the controls but lowered again in summer. Neopterin concentrations remained on the same level after light therapy, whereas tryptophan levels increased slightly after light therapy and reached normal values in summer. It is concluded that the vulnerability for a depressive episode is enhanced by lowered levels of biopterin that, however, in SAD becomes symptomatically manifest in the presence of increased immune activity at the same time.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biopterins - blood</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune activation</subject><subject>Immunity, Cellular - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Neopterin - blood</subject><subject>Personality Inventory</subject><subject>Phototherapy</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Pteridine</subject><subject>Pteridines - blood</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Seasonal Affective Disorder - immunology</subject><subject>Seasonal Affective Disorder - therapy</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Serotonin</subject><subject>Serotonin - physiology</subject><subject>Tetrahydrobiopterin</subject><subject>Treatments</subject><subject>Tryptophan - blood</subject><issn>0165-1781</issn><issn>1872-7123</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEFvFCEUx4mxsWvrR9Bw0WjiKG9mGJaTaZqqTZr0YD0TBh4u7ewwBbbNfvuyu5P26OXxIL__A36EvAf2DRh03_-UwisQS_jMmi-s7EQlXpEFLEVdCaib12TxjByTtyndMsZqkPINOYaWlwTUC3J34RyaTIOjg_-3yjSvMOppS8NIex-mjNGPX-mIc0v1aGmO2ymHaaVHWk4mnT2OOdFHn1c0oU5h1APV-8H-Aan1KUSL8ZQcOT0kfDevJ-Tvz4ub89_V1fWvy_Ozq8o0EnLV9U47xru-RSt7zY2F1iwZWG6YLAhKIcGIBlrdOsE6iba1nTYWuUBkfXNCPh3mTjHcbzBltfbJ4DDo8o1NUoILBrKWBeQH0MSQUkSnpujXOm4VMLWzrPaW1U6hYo3aW1ai5D7MF2z6NdqX1Ky1AB9nQCejBxf1aHx64Tg0smY77seBw6LjwWNUyRSXBq2PRZ6ywf_nKU9x1pt4</recordid><startdate>20030830</startdate><enddate>20030830</enddate><creator>Hoekstra, Rocco</creator><creator>Fekkes, Durk</creator><creator>van de Wetering, Ben J.M.</creator><creator>Pepplinkhuizen, Lolke</creator><creator>Verhoeven, Willem M.A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030830</creationdate><title>Effect of light therapy on biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in patients with seasonal affective disorder</title><author>Hoekstra, Rocco ; Fekkes, Durk ; van de Wetering, Ben J.M. ; Pepplinkhuizen, Lolke ; Verhoeven, Willem M.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-6bfaf056b4ed9ba5cd14c801d5c09c39e9791c7314a4f7069ed4d6acde57ee0b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biopterins - blood</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune activation</topic><topic>Immunity, Cellular - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Neopterin - blood</topic><topic>Personality Inventory</topic><topic>Phototherapy</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Pteridine</topic><topic>Pteridines - blood</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Seasonal Affective Disorder - immunology</topic><topic>Seasonal Affective Disorder - therapy</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Serotonin</topic><topic>Serotonin - physiology</topic><topic>Tetrahydrobiopterin</topic><topic>Treatments</topic><topic>Tryptophan - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hoekstra, Rocco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fekkes, Durk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van de Wetering, Ben J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pepplinkhuizen, Lolke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhoeven, Willem M.A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychiatry research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hoekstra, Rocco</au><au>Fekkes, Durk</au><au>van de Wetering, Ben J.M.</au><au>Pepplinkhuizen, Lolke</au><au>Verhoeven, Willem M.A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of light therapy on biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in patients with seasonal affective disorder</atitle><jtitle>Psychiatry research</jtitle><addtitle>Psychiatry Res</addtitle><date>2003-08-30</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>120</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>37</spage><epage>42</epage><pages>37-42</pages><issn>0165-1781</issn><eissn>1872-7123</eissn><coden>PSRSDR</coden><abstract>The serotonergic system is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in the hydroxylation of tryptophan and, therefore, in the synthesis of serotonin, while neopterin is known as a marker of cell-mediated immune activity. The present study was designed to measure levels of biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in plasma of 19 depressed patients with a history of SAD, before and after light therapy as well as in a control group. In the group of patients a significantly lower plasma biopterin and tryptophan level and a higher neopterin level was demonstrated. After light therapy, the level of biopterin increased to that of the controls but lowered again in summer. Neopterin concentrations remained on the same level after light therapy, whereas tryptophan levels increased slightly after light therapy and reached normal values in summer. It is concluded that the vulnerability for a depressive episode is enhanced by lowered levels of biopterin that, however, in SAD becomes symptomatically manifest in the presence of increased immune activity at the same time.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>14500112</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00167-7</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Biopterins - blood Depression Female Humans Immune activation Immunity, Cellular - immunology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Neopterin - blood Personality Inventory Phototherapy Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Pteridine Pteridines - blood Reference Values Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis Seasonal Affective Disorder - immunology Seasonal Affective Disorder - therapy Seasons Serotonin Serotonin - physiology Tetrahydrobiopterin Treatments Tryptophan - blood |
| title | Effect of light therapy on biopterin, neopterin and tryptophan in patients with seasonal affective disorder |
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