Male-driven evolution of DNA sequences

It is commonly believed that the mutation rate is much higher in the human male germ line than in the female germ line because the number of germ-cell divisions per generation is much larger in males than in females. But direct estimation of mutation rates is difficult, relying mainly on sex-linked...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature (London) 1993-04, Vol.362 (6422), p.745-747
Hauptverfasser: Shimmin, Lawrence C, Chang, Benny Hung-Junn, Li, Wen-Hsiung
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Li, Wen-Hsiung
description It is commonly believed that the mutation rate is much higher in the human male germ line than in the female germ line because the number of germ-cell divisions per generation is much larger in males than in females. But direct estimation of mutation rates is difficult, relying mainly on sex-linked genetic diseases, so the ratio (alpha m) of male to female mutation rates is not clear. It has been noted that if alpha m is very large, then the rate of synonymous substitution in X-linked genes should be only 2/3 of that in autosomal genes, and comparison of human and rodent genes supported this prediction. As the number of X-linked genes used in the study was small and the X-linked and autosomal sequences were non-homologous, and given that the synonymous rate varies among genes, we sequenced the last intron (approximately 1 kb) of the Y-linked and X-linked zinc-finger-protein genes (ZFY and ZFX) in humans, orang-utans, baboons and squirrel monkeys. The ratio Y/X of the substitution rate in the Y-linked intron to that in the X-linked intron is approximately 2.3, which is close to that estimated from synonymous rates in the ZFY and ZFX genes and implies alpha m approximately 6. This estimate of alpha m supports the view that the evolution of DNA sequences in higher primates is male-driven. It is, however, much lower than the previous estimate and therefore raises a number of issues.
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Biological and molecular evolution ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; linkage ; Male ; males ; man ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monkeys &amp; apes ; Mutation ; Papio ; Pongo pygmaeus ; Primata ; rates ; Saimiri ; sequence ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Factors ; Sexes ; Transcription Factors ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; zinc finger proteins ; Zinc Fingers - genetics</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 1993-04, Vol.362 (6422), p.745-747</ispartof><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. 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But direct estimation of mutation rates is difficult, relying mainly on sex-linked genetic diseases, so the ratio (alpha m) of male to female mutation rates is not clear. It has been noted that if alpha m is very large, then the rate of synonymous substitution in X-linked genes should be only 2/3 of that in autosomal genes, and comparison of human and rodent genes supported this prediction. As the number of X-linked genes used in the study was small and the X-linked and autosomal sequences were non-homologous, and given that the synonymous rate varies among genes, we sequenced the last intron (approximately 1 kb) of the Y-linked and X-linked zinc-finger-protein genes (ZFY and ZFX) in humans, orang-utans, baboons and squirrel monkeys. The ratio Y/X of the substitution rate in the Y-linked intron to that in the X-linked intron is approximately 2.3, which is close to that estimated from synonymous rates in the ZFY and ZFX genes and implies alpha m approximately 6. This estimate of alpha m supports the view that the evolution of DNA sequences in higher primates is male-driven. It is, however, much lower than the previous estimate and therefore raises a number of issues.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing</pub><pmid>8469284</pmid><doi>10.1038/362745a0</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0028-0836
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subjects Animals
Base Sequence
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Evolution
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
evolution
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
genes
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Humans
Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
linkage
Male
males
man
Molecular Sequence Data
Monkeys & apes
Mutation
Papio
Pongo pygmaeus
Primata
rates
Saimiri
sequence
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Sex Factors
Sexes
Transcription Factors
X Chromosome
Y Chromosome
zinc finger proteins
Zinc Fingers - genetics
title Male-driven evolution of DNA sequences
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