Quantitative assessment of commercial filter 'aids' for red-green colour defectives
The claims made for 43 commercial filter ‘aids’, that they improve the colour discrimination of red‐green colour defectives, are assessed for protanomaly and deuteranomaly by changes in the colour spacing of traffic signals (European Standard EN 1836:2005) and of the Farnsworth D15 test. Spectral tr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ophthalmic & physiological optics 2010-09, Vol.30 (5), p.685-692 |
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| creator | Moreland, Jack D. Westland, Steven Cheung, Vien Dain, Steven J. |
| description | The claims made for 43 commercial filter ‘aids’, that they improve the colour discrimination of red‐green colour defectives, are assessed for protanomaly and deuteranomaly by changes in the colour spacing of traffic signals (European Standard EN 1836:2005) and of the Farnsworth D15 test. Spectral transmittances of the ‘aids’ are measured and tristimulus values with and without ‘aids’ are computed using cone fundamentals and the spectral power distributions of either the D15 chips illuminated by CIE Illuminant C or of traffic signals. Chromaticities (l,s) are presented in cone excitation diagrams for protanomaly and deuteranomaly in terms of the relative excitation of their long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength‐sensitive cones. After correcting for non‐uniform colour spacing in these diagrams, standard deviations parallel to the l and s axes are computed and enhancement factors El and Es are derived as the ratio of ‘aided’ to ‘unaided’ standard deviations. Values of El for traffic signals with most ‘aids’ are |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00761.x |
| format | Article |
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Spectral transmittances of the ‘aids’ are measured and tristimulus values with and without ‘aids’ are computed using cone fundamentals and the spectral power distributions of either the D15 chips illuminated by CIE Illuminant C or of traffic signals. Chromaticities (l,s) are presented in cone excitation diagrams for protanomaly and deuteranomaly in terms of the relative excitation of their long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength‐sensitive cones. After correcting for non‐uniform colour spacing in these diagrams, standard deviations parallel to the l and s axes are computed and enhancement factors El and Es are derived as the ratio of ‘aided’ to ‘unaided’ standard deviations. Values of El for traffic signals with most ‘aids’ are <1 and many do not meet the European signal detection standard. A few ‘aids’ have expansive El factors but with inadequate utility: the largest being 1.2 for traffic signals and 1.3 for the D15 colours. Analyses, replicated for 19 ‘aids’ from one manufacturer using 658 Munsell colours inside the D15 locus, yield El factors within 1% of those found for the 16 D15 colours.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0275-5408</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-1313</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00761.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20883355</identifier><identifier>CODEN: OPOPD5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Color Perception - physiology ; Color Vision Defects - physiopathology ; Color Vision Defects - psychology ; Color Vision Defects - rehabilitation ; colour discrimination ; coloured filters ; D15 colours ; deuteranomaly ; Discrimination (Psychology) - physiology ; Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Immunodeficiencies ; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies ; Immunopathology ; Infectious diseases ; Medical sciences ; Ophthalmology ; Photic Stimulation - methods ; protanomaly ; Psychometrics ; Psychophysics ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology ; Sensory Aids ; traffic signals ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids ; Vision disorders</subject><ispartof>Ophthalmic & physiological optics, 2010-09, Vol.30 (5), p.685-692</ispartof><rights>2010 The Authors, Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics © 2010 The College of Optometrists</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2010 The Authors, Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics © 2010 The College of Optometrists.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4851-8dec4ffbde9a316037e6923f1a0266f3ff2833011f7b1a6d64a4a34e99c1ecaa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4851-8dec4ffbde9a316037e6923f1a0266f3ff2833011f7b1a6d64a4a34e99c1ecaa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2010.00761.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2010.00761.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>310,311,315,781,785,790,791,1418,23934,23935,25144,27928,27929,45578,45579</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23218471$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20883355$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Moreland, Jack D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Westland, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Vien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dain, Steven J.</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative assessment of commercial filter 'aids' for red-green colour defectives</title><title>Ophthalmic & physiological optics</title><addtitle>Ophthalmic Physiol Opt</addtitle><description>The claims made for 43 commercial filter ‘aids’, that they improve the colour discrimination of red‐green colour defectives, are assessed for protanomaly and deuteranomaly by changes in the colour spacing of traffic signals (European Standard EN 1836:2005) and of the Farnsworth D15 test. Spectral transmittances of the ‘aids’ are measured and tristimulus values with and without ‘aids’ are computed using cone fundamentals and the spectral power distributions of either the D15 chips illuminated by CIE Illuminant C or of traffic signals. Chromaticities (l,s) are presented in cone excitation diagrams for protanomaly and deuteranomaly in terms of the relative excitation of their long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength‐sensitive cones. After correcting for non‐uniform colour spacing in these diagrams, standard deviations parallel to the l and s axes are computed and enhancement factors El and Es are derived as the ratio of ‘aided’ to ‘unaided’ standard deviations. Values of El for traffic signals with most ‘aids’ are <1 and many do not meet the European signal detection standard. A few ‘aids’ have expansive El factors but with inadequate utility: the largest being 1.2 for traffic signals and 1.3 for the D15 colours. Analyses, replicated for 19 ‘aids’ from one manufacturer using 658 Munsell colours inside the D15 locus, yield El factors within 1% of those found for the 16 D15 colours.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Color Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Color Vision Defects - physiopathology</subject><subject>Color Vision Defects - psychology</subject><subject>Color Vision Defects - rehabilitation</subject><subject>colour discrimination</subject><subject>coloured filters</subject><subject>D15 colours</subject><subject>deuteranomaly</subject><subject>Discrimination (Psychology) - physiology</subject><subject>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunodeficiencies</subject><subject>Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies</subject><subject>Immunopathology</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>protanomaly</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Psychophysics</subject><subject>Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Sensory Aids</subject><subject>traffic signals</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</subject><subject>Vision disorders</subject><issn>0275-5408</issn><issn>1475-1313</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE2P0zAQhi0EYruFv4B8QT2l2HFipxIXqGABFcqKRRytqTNGLvlYPAnb_fc4tJQrvnhkP-94_DDGpVjKtF7sl7IwZSaVVMtcpFMhjJbLwwM2O188ZDORp7osRHXBLon2IlHGVI_ZRS6qSqmynLEv1yN0QxhgCL-QAxEStdgNvPfc9W2L0QVouA_NgJEvINS04L6PPGKdfY-IXcKafoy8Ro9u6kJP2CMPDeHT0z5nX9--uVm_yzbbq_frV5vMFVUps6pGV3i_q3EFSmqhDOpVrrwEkWvtlfd5GlJI6c1Ogq51AQWoAlcrJ9EBqDlbHPvexv7niDTYNpDDpoEO-5GsKbXWuU5fnbPqSLrYE0X09jaGFuK9lcJORu3eTuLsJM5ORu0fo_aQos9Oj4y7Futz8K_CBDw_AUAOGh-hc4H-cSqXVWFk4l4eubvQ4P1_D2C3n7epSPHsGA804OEch_jDaqNS8tunK_v6g77-uL5Z2436Dcn0oNo</recordid><startdate>201009</startdate><enddate>201009</enddate><creator>Moreland, Jack D.</creator><creator>Westland, Steven</creator><creator>Cheung, Vien</creator><creator>Dain, Steven J.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201009</creationdate><title>Quantitative assessment of commercial filter 'aids' for red-green colour defectives</title><author>Moreland, Jack D. ; Westland, Steven ; Cheung, Vien ; Dain, Steven J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4851-8dec4ffbde9a316037e6923f1a0266f3ff2833011f7b1a6d64a4a34e99c1ecaa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Color Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Color Vision Defects - physiopathology</topic><topic>Color Vision Defects - psychology</topic><topic>Color Vision Defects - rehabilitation</topic><topic>colour discrimination</topic><topic>coloured filters</topic><topic>D15 colours</topic><topic>deuteranomaly</topic><topic>Discrimination (Psychology) - physiology</topic><topic>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunodeficiencies</topic><topic>Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies</topic><topic>Immunopathology</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Photic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>protanomaly</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Psychophysics</topic><topic>Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Sensory Aids</topic><topic>traffic signals</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids</topic><topic>Vision disorders</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Moreland, Jack D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Westland, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Vien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dain, Steven J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ophthalmic & physiological optics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Moreland, Jack D.</au><au>Westland, Steven</au><au>Cheung, Vien</au><au>Dain, Steven J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative assessment of commercial filter 'aids' for red-green colour defectives</atitle><jtitle>Ophthalmic & physiological optics</jtitle><addtitle>Ophthalmic Physiol Opt</addtitle><date>2010-09</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>685</spage><epage>692</epage><pages>685-692</pages><issn>0275-5408</issn><eissn>1475-1313</eissn><coden>OPOPD5</coden><abstract>The claims made for 43 commercial filter ‘aids’, that they improve the colour discrimination of red‐green colour defectives, are assessed for protanomaly and deuteranomaly by changes in the colour spacing of traffic signals (European Standard EN 1836:2005) and of the Farnsworth D15 test. Spectral transmittances of the ‘aids’ are measured and tristimulus values with and without ‘aids’ are computed using cone fundamentals and the spectral power distributions of either the D15 chips illuminated by CIE Illuminant C or of traffic signals. Chromaticities (l,s) are presented in cone excitation diagrams for protanomaly and deuteranomaly in terms of the relative excitation of their long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength‐sensitive cones. After correcting for non‐uniform colour spacing in these diagrams, standard deviations parallel to the l and s axes are computed and enhancement factors El and Es are derived as the ratio of ‘aided’ to ‘unaided’ standard deviations. Values of El for traffic signals with most ‘aids’ are <1 and many do not meet the European signal detection standard. A few ‘aids’ have expansive El factors but with inadequate utility: the largest being 1.2 for traffic signals and 1.3 for the D15 colours. Analyses, replicated for 19 ‘aids’ from one manufacturer using 658 Munsell colours inside the D15 locus, yield El factors within 1% of those found for the 16 D15 colours.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>20883355</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00761.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biological and medical sciences Color Perception - physiology Color Vision Defects - physiopathology Color Vision Defects - psychology Color Vision Defects - rehabilitation colour discrimination coloured filters D15 colours deuteranomaly Discrimination (Psychology) - physiology Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human viral diseases Humans Immunodeficiencies Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies Immunopathology Infectious diseases Medical sciences Ophthalmology Photic Stimulation - methods protanomaly Psychometrics Psychophysics Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology Sensory Aids traffic signals Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids Vision disorders |
| title | Quantitative assessment of commercial filter 'aids' for red-green colour defectives |
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