Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?

OBJECTIVESTo determine the serum concentrations of procollagen type in peptide in severely injured patients with different outcomes and to evaluate the relationship between serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations, sources of increased posttraumatic fibrotic activity (wounds, lung, liver, k...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Critical care medicine 1993-02, Vol.21 (2), p.240-247
Hauptverfasser: WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN, NAST-KOLB, DIETER, TRUPKA, ARNOLD, LENK, SUSANN, DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO, SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD, JOCHUM, MARIANNE
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 247
container_issue 2
container_start_page 240
container_title Critical care medicine
container_volume 21
creator WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN
NAST-KOLB, DIETER
TRUPKA, ARNOLD
LENK, SUSANN
DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO
SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD
JOCHUM, MARIANNE
description OBJECTIVESTo determine the serum concentrations of procollagen type in peptide in severely injured patients with different outcomes and to evaluate the relationship between serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations, sources of increased posttraumatic fibrotic activity (wounds, lung, liver, kidney), and decreased elimination of procollagen type III peptide (liver). DESIGNProspective study. SETTINGSurgical ICU, university hospital. PATIENTSFifty-seven patients (mean injury severity score38.5 points, range 13 to 75 points), between 16 and 70 yrs of age, treated in our institution within 6 hrs after the accident. MEASUREMENTSSerial measurements were started on admission and continued on a 6-hr basis. After 48 hrs, the monitoring interval was extended to 24 hrs until recovery (but at least until day 14) or death. At each point of evaluation, pulmonary and circulatory function parameters and chest radiographs (once a day) were evaluated, the results were recorded, and blood samples were drawn to determine procollagen type III peptide, total bilirubin, creatinine, γ-glutamyl transferase, polymorphonuclear elastase, and other parameters. Statistic evaluation was done with the Wilcoxon test, Spearman rank correlation, and a multiple regression model. RESULTSMean procollagen type m peptide serum concentrations (± sd) were significantly different in patients who died (8.0 ± 3.8 U/mL) compared with those patients who survived with organ failure (2.7 ± 1.3 U/mL) or without complications (1.4 ± 0.5 U/mL), respectively. Significant correlations of procollagen type HI peptide concentrations with the serum bilirubin concentrations (r = .7), days with need of mechanical ventilation (r = .64), Pao2/Fio2 ratio (r = -.6), polymorphonuclear elastase (r = .6), serum creatinine concentrations (r = .55), and injury severity score (r = .33) were observed. There was a tendency toward higher serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in patients with severe skeletal injuries. CONCLUSIONSSerum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in severely injured patients may be considerably increased in correlation with injury severity and outcome. Procollagen type III peptide serum concentrations seem to reflect the sum of increased collagen formation from wound healing and fibrogenesis of mediator-related organ damage (especially lung) and decreased procollagen type HI peptide excretion due to impaired liver function. Further data are necessary to evaluate the role of hepat
doi_str_mv 10.1097/00003246-199302000-00016
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_75587079</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>75587079</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3296-adbf931c806cfd58802e4c64d79c8f9b66e85d76a2fef063a20781f23728d87e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1UctuFDEQtBAobAKfgOQD4jbBjxk_uKAo4jFSJC5wtrx2O3GY9Qy2J9He-HQcdtkblix3u6vK7mqEMCWXlGj5nrTFWS86qjUnrGVd21Q8Qxs68JYwzZ-jDSGadLzX_CU6L-W-IfpB8jN0pnqmeik26PeYXAZbwOMCed1hNycHqWZb45wKngNe8uzmabK3kHDdL4DHccQLLDV6wDE13gNkmPYtvl9zE1oat0mUD_gqtUsfna1zfpIKcZvnEtMttq7Gh1j3H1-hF8FOBV4fzwv04_On79dfu5tvX8brq5vOcaZFZ_02aE6dIsIFPyhFGPRO9F5qp4LeCgFq8FJYFiAQwS0jUtHAuGTKKwn8Ar076LZ2fq1QqtnF4qD1lWBei5HDoCSRugHVAejaV0uGYJYcdzbvDSXmyXzzz3xzMt_8Nb9R3xzfWLc78Cfi0e1Wf3us2-LsFLJNLpYTrM2mp5I2WH-APc5ThVx-TusjZHMHdqp35n-j538Akred0w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>75587079</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Journals@Ovid Complete</source><creator>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN ; NAST-KOLB, DIETER ; TRUPKA, ARNOLD ; LENK, SUSANN ; DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO ; SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD ; JOCHUM, MARIANNE</creator><creatorcontrib>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN ; NAST-KOLB, DIETER ; TRUPKA, ARNOLD ; LENK, SUSANN ; DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO ; SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD ; JOCHUM, MARIANNE</creatorcontrib><description>OBJECTIVESTo determine the serum concentrations of procollagen type in peptide in severely injured patients with different outcomes and to evaluate the relationship between serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations, sources of increased posttraumatic fibrotic activity (wounds, lung, liver, kidney), and decreased elimination of procollagen type III peptide (liver). DESIGNProspective study. SETTINGSurgical ICU, university hospital. PATIENTSFifty-seven patients (mean injury severity score38.5 points, range 13 to 75 points), between 16 and 70 yrs of age, treated in our institution within 6 hrs after the accident. MEASUREMENTSSerial measurements were started on admission and continued on a 6-hr basis. After 48 hrs, the monitoring interval was extended to 24 hrs until recovery (but at least until day 14) or death. At each point of evaluation, pulmonary and circulatory function parameters and chest radiographs (once a day) were evaluated, the results were recorded, and blood samples were drawn to determine procollagen type III peptide, total bilirubin, creatinine, γ-glutamyl transferase, polymorphonuclear elastase, and other parameters. Statistic evaluation was done with the Wilcoxon test, Spearman rank correlation, and a multiple regression model. RESULTSMean procollagen type m peptide serum concentrations (± sd) were significantly different in patients who died (8.0 ± 3.8 U/mL) compared with those patients who survived with organ failure (2.7 ± 1.3 U/mL) or without complications (1.4 ± 0.5 U/mL), respectively. Significant correlations of procollagen type HI peptide concentrations with the serum bilirubin concentrations (r = .7), days with need of mechanical ventilation (r = .64), Pao2/Fio2 ratio (r = -.6), polymorphonuclear elastase (r = .6), serum creatinine concentrations (r = .55), and injury severity score (r = .33) were observed. There was a tendency toward higher serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in patients with severe skeletal injuries. CONCLUSIONSSerum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in severely injured patients may be considerably increased in correlation with injury severity and outcome. Procollagen type III peptide serum concentrations seem to reflect the sum of increased collagen formation from wound healing and fibrogenesis of mediator-related organ damage (especially lung) and decreased procollagen type HI peptide excretion due to impaired liver function. Further data are necessary to evaluate the role of hepatic elimination in these patients. (Crit Care Med 1993; 21:240–247)</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-3493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0293</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199302000-00016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8428476</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CCMDC7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Williams &amp; Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy ; Bilirubin - blood ; Biological and medical sciences ; Emergency and intensive care: injuries, diseases due to physical agents. Diving. Drowning. Disaster medicine ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Intensive care medicine ; Liver Failure - blood ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure - blood ; Multiple Trauma - blood ; Multiple Trauma - mortality ; Multiple Trauma - pathology ; Peptide Fragments - blood ; Procollagen - blood ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - blood</subject><ispartof>Critical care medicine, 1993-02, Vol.21 (2), p.240-247</ispartof><rights>Williams &amp; Wilkins 1993. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=4574171$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8428476$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAST-KOLB, DIETER</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TRUPKA, ARNOLD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LENK, SUSANN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JOCHUM, MARIANNE</creatorcontrib><title>Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?</title><title>Critical care medicine</title><addtitle>Crit Care Med</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVESTo determine the serum concentrations of procollagen type in peptide in severely injured patients with different outcomes and to evaluate the relationship between serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations, sources of increased posttraumatic fibrotic activity (wounds, lung, liver, kidney), and decreased elimination of procollagen type III peptide (liver). DESIGNProspective study. SETTINGSurgical ICU, university hospital. PATIENTSFifty-seven patients (mean injury severity score38.5 points, range 13 to 75 points), between 16 and 70 yrs of age, treated in our institution within 6 hrs after the accident. MEASUREMENTSSerial measurements were started on admission and continued on a 6-hr basis. After 48 hrs, the monitoring interval was extended to 24 hrs until recovery (but at least until day 14) or death. At each point of evaluation, pulmonary and circulatory function parameters and chest radiographs (once a day) were evaluated, the results were recorded, and blood samples were drawn to determine procollagen type III peptide, total bilirubin, creatinine, γ-glutamyl transferase, polymorphonuclear elastase, and other parameters. Statistic evaluation was done with the Wilcoxon test, Spearman rank correlation, and a multiple regression model. RESULTSMean procollagen type m peptide serum concentrations (± sd) were significantly different in patients who died (8.0 ± 3.8 U/mL) compared with those patients who survived with organ failure (2.7 ± 1.3 U/mL) or without complications (1.4 ± 0.5 U/mL), respectively. Significant correlations of procollagen type HI peptide concentrations with the serum bilirubin concentrations (r = .7), days with need of mechanical ventilation (r = .64), Pao2/Fio2 ratio (r = -.6), polymorphonuclear elastase (r = .6), serum creatinine concentrations (r = .55), and injury severity score (r = .33) were observed. There was a tendency toward higher serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in patients with severe skeletal injuries. CONCLUSIONSSerum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in severely injured patients may be considerably increased in correlation with injury severity and outcome. Procollagen type III peptide serum concentrations seem to reflect the sum of increased collagen formation from wound healing and fibrogenesis of mediator-related organ damage (especially lung) and decreased procollagen type HI peptide excretion due to impaired liver function. Further data are necessary to evaluate the role of hepatic elimination in these patients. (Crit Care Med 1993; 21:240–247)</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Bilirubin - blood</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Emergency and intensive care: injuries, diseases due to physical agents. Diving. Drowning. Disaster medicine</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injury Severity Score</subject><subject>Intensive care medicine</subject><subject>Liver Failure - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multiple Organ Failure - blood</subject><subject>Multiple Trauma - blood</subject><subject>Multiple Trauma - mortality</subject><subject>Multiple Trauma - pathology</subject><subject>Peptide Fragments - blood</subject><subject>Procollagen - blood</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - blood</subject><issn>0090-3493</issn><issn>1530-0293</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UctuFDEQtBAobAKfgOQD4jbBjxk_uKAo4jFSJC5wtrx2O3GY9Qy2J9He-HQcdtkblix3u6vK7mqEMCWXlGj5nrTFWS86qjUnrGVd21Q8Qxs68JYwzZ-jDSGadLzX_CU6L-W-IfpB8jN0pnqmeik26PeYXAZbwOMCed1hNycHqWZb45wKngNe8uzmabK3kHDdL4DHccQLLDV6wDE13gNkmPYtvl9zE1oat0mUD_gqtUsfna1zfpIKcZvnEtMttq7Gh1j3H1-hF8FOBV4fzwv04_On79dfu5tvX8brq5vOcaZFZ_02aE6dIsIFPyhFGPRO9F5qp4LeCgFq8FJYFiAQwS0jUtHAuGTKKwn8Ar076LZ2fq1QqtnF4qD1lWBei5HDoCSRugHVAejaV0uGYJYcdzbvDSXmyXzzz3xzMt_8Nb9R3xzfWLc78Cfi0e1Wf3us2-LsFLJNLpYTrM2mp5I2WH-APc5ThVx-TusjZHMHdqp35n-j538Akred0w</recordid><startdate>199302</startdate><enddate>199302</enddate><creator>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN</creator><creator>NAST-KOLB, DIETER</creator><creator>TRUPKA, ARNOLD</creator><creator>LENK, SUSANN</creator><creator>DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO</creator><creator>SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD</creator><creator>JOCHUM, MARIANNE</creator><general>Williams &amp; Wilkins</general><general>Lippincott</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199302</creationdate><title>Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?</title><author>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN ; NAST-KOLB, DIETER ; TRUPKA, ARNOLD ; LENK, SUSANN ; DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO ; SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD ; JOCHUM, MARIANNE</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3296-adbf931c806cfd58802e4c64d79c8f9b66e85d76a2fef063a20781f23728d87e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Bilirubin - blood</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Emergency and intensive care: injuries, diseases due to physical agents. Diving. Drowning. Disaster medicine</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injury Severity Score</topic><topic>Intensive care medicine</topic><topic>Liver Failure - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multiple Organ Failure - blood</topic><topic>Multiple Trauma - blood</topic><topic>Multiple Trauma - mortality</topic><topic>Multiple Trauma - pathology</topic><topic>Peptide Fragments - blood</topic><topic>Procollagen - blood</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAST-KOLB, DIETER</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TRUPKA, ARNOLD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LENK, SUSANN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JOCHUM, MARIANNE</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Critical care medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>WAYDHAS, CHRISTIAN</au><au>NAST-KOLB, DIETER</au><au>TRUPKA, ARNOLD</au><au>LENK, SUSANN</au><au>DUSWALD, KARL-HEIMO</au><au>SCHWEIBERER, LEONHARD</au><au>JOCHUM, MARIANNE</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?</atitle><jtitle>Critical care medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Crit Care Med</addtitle><date>1993-02</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>240</spage><epage>247</epage><pages>240-247</pages><issn>0090-3493</issn><eissn>1530-0293</eissn><coden>CCMDC7</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVESTo determine the serum concentrations of procollagen type in peptide in severely injured patients with different outcomes and to evaluate the relationship between serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations, sources of increased posttraumatic fibrotic activity (wounds, lung, liver, kidney), and decreased elimination of procollagen type III peptide (liver). DESIGNProspective study. SETTINGSurgical ICU, university hospital. PATIENTSFifty-seven patients (mean injury severity score38.5 points, range 13 to 75 points), between 16 and 70 yrs of age, treated in our institution within 6 hrs after the accident. MEASUREMENTSSerial measurements were started on admission and continued on a 6-hr basis. After 48 hrs, the monitoring interval was extended to 24 hrs until recovery (but at least until day 14) or death. At each point of evaluation, pulmonary and circulatory function parameters and chest radiographs (once a day) were evaluated, the results were recorded, and blood samples were drawn to determine procollagen type III peptide, total bilirubin, creatinine, γ-glutamyl transferase, polymorphonuclear elastase, and other parameters. Statistic evaluation was done with the Wilcoxon test, Spearman rank correlation, and a multiple regression model. RESULTSMean procollagen type m peptide serum concentrations (± sd) were significantly different in patients who died (8.0 ± 3.8 U/mL) compared with those patients who survived with organ failure (2.7 ± 1.3 U/mL) or without complications (1.4 ± 0.5 U/mL), respectively. Significant correlations of procollagen type HI peptide concentrations with the serum bilirubin concentrations (r = .7), days with need of mechanical ventilation (r = .64), Pao2/Fio2 ratio (r = -.6), polymorphonuclear elastase (r = .6), serum creatinine concentrations (r = .55), and injury severity score (r = .33) were observed. There was a tendency toward higher serum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in patients with severe skeletal injuries. CONCLUSIONSSerum procollagen type III peptide concentrations in severely injured patients may be considerably increased in correlation with injury severity and outcome. Procollagen type III peptide serum concentrations seem to reflect the sum of increased collagen formation from wound healing and fibrogenesis of mediator-related organ damage (especially lung) and decreased procollagen type HI peptide excretion due to impaired liver function. Further data are necessary to evaluate the role of hepatic elimination in these patients. (Crit Care Med 1993; 21:240–247)</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Williams &amp; Wilkins</pub><pmid>8428476</pmid><doi>10.1097/00003246-199302000-00016</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0090-3493
ispartof Critical care medicine, 1993-02, Vol.21 (2), p.240-247
issn 0090-3493
1530-0293
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_75587079
source MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid Complete
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
Bilirubin - blood
Biological and medical sciences
Emergency and intensive care: injuries, diseases due to physical agents. Diving. Drowning. Disaster medicine
Female
Humans
Injury Severity Score
Intensive care medicine
Liver Failure - blood
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Multiple Organ Failure - blood
Multiple Trauma - blood
Multiple Trauma - mortality
Multiple Trauma - pathology
Peptide Fragments - blood
Procollagen - blood
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - blood
title Increased serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in severely injured patients: An indicator of fibrosing activity?
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-28T15%3A35%3A23IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Increased%20serum%20concentrations%20of%20procollagen%20type%20III%20peptide%20in%20severely%20injured%20patients:%20An%20indicator%20of%20fibrosing%20activity?&rft.jtitle=Critical%20care%20medicine&rft.au=WAYDHAS,%20CHRISTIAN&rft.date=1993-02&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=240&rft.epage=247&rft.pages=240-247&rft.issn=0090-3493&rft.eissn=1530-0293&rft.coden=CCMDC7&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097/00003246-199302000-00016&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E75587079%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=75587079&rft_id=info:pmid/8428476&rfr_iscdi=true