Electrochemical method for the rapid on site screening of cadmium and lead in soil and water samples

Rapid field-based screening methods for the semi-quantitative determination of heavy metals are desirable to support the increasing demand for the rapid characterization of contaminated sites. Single-use sensors have been fabricated using low-cost screen-printing (thick film) technology. These elect...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2007-02, Vol.179 (1-4), p.183-195
Hauptverfasser: COOPER, Joanne, BOLBOT, John Anthony, SAINI, Selwayan, SETFORD, Steven John
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container_title Water, air, and soil pollution
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creator COOPER, Joanne
BOLBOT, John Anthony
SAINI, Selwayan
SETFORD, Steven John
description Rapid field-based screening methods for the semi-quantitative determination of heavy metals are desirable to support the increasing demand for the rapid characterization of contaminated sites. Single-use sensors have been fabricated using low-cost screen-printing (thick film) technology. These electrodes, coupled with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), have provided a rapid, inexpensive on site screening device for the simultaneous field-based determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil and water samples in the microgram per litre/kilogram range. A simplified soil extraction procedure, using 1mol l super(-1) aqua regia and a 3min ultrasonic sample agitation, has been developed to allow field-based device usage. Extraction efficiency was evaluated using a soil certified reference material (CRM). Recoveries of 64% and 52% for Cd and Pb respectively were obtained, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of
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Single-use sensors have been fabricated using low-cost screen-printing (thick film) technology. These electrodes, coupled with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), have provided a rapid, inexpensive on site screening device for the simultaneous field-based determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil and water samples in the microgram per litre/kilogram range. A simplified soil extraction procedure, using 1mol l super(-1) aqua regia and a 3min ultrasonic sample agitation, has been developed to allow field-based device usage. Extraction efficiency was evaluated using a soil certified reference material (CRM). Recoveries of 64% and 52% for Cd and Pb respectively were obtained, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of &lt;8% for both analytes (n = 10). Soil samples (82) were tested using the combined extraction-DPASV procedure and compared against standard ICP-AES analysis. Correlation coefficients of 0.9782 and 0.9728 for Cd and Pb respectively demonstrate good correlation between methods. Analytical data is also reported for copper (Cu), but significant peak distortions reduce the confidence of the method for this metal. 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Single-use sensors have been fabricated using low-cost screen-printing (thick film) technology. These electrodes, coupled with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), have provided a rapid, inexpensive on site screening device for the simultaneous field-based determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil and water samples in the microgram per litre/kilogram range. A simplified soil extraction procedure, using 1mol l super(-1) aqua regia and a 3min ultrasonic sample agitation, has been developed to allow field-based device usage. Extraction efficiency was evaluated using a soil certified reference material (CRM). Recoveries of 64% and 52% for Cd and Pb respectively were obtained, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of &lt;8% for both analytes (n = 10). Soil samples (82) were tested using the combined extraction-DPASV procedure and compared against standard ICP-AES analysis. Correlation coefficients of 0.9782 and 0.9728 for Cd and Pb respectively demonstrate good correlation between methods. Analytical data is also reported for copper (Cu), but significant peak distortions reduce the confidence of the method for this metal. Results indicate that the combined extraction-DPASV method yields semi-quantitative data for rapid field-based site screening purposes.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-006-9223-x</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Analysis methods
Analytical chemistry
Applied sciences
Cadmium
Chemistry
Correlation coefficient
Devices
Electrochemical methods
Electrochemistry
Emission analysis
Environmental monitoring
Exact sciences and technology
Extraction
Heavy metals
Inductively coupled plasma
Lead
Lead (metal)
Natural water pollution
Pollution
Screening
Soil (material)
Soil and sediments pollution
Soil pollution
Soils
Standard deviation
Studies
Water analysis
Water sampling
Water treatment and pollution
title Electrochemical method for the rapid on site screening of cadmium and lead in soil and water samples
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