Longitudinal changes in diet from childhood into adulthood with respect to risk of cardiovascular diseases: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Objective: To assess nutrient intakes relevant in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among young adults in Finland and to find past and present determinants of quality of diet. Design: Prospective study, 21 years of follow-up. Setting: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Finla...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of clinical nutrition 2004-07, Vol.58 (7), p.1038-1045 |
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| container_title | European journal of clinical nutrition |
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| creator | Mikkila, V Rasanen, L Raitakari, O.T Pietinen, P Viikari, J |
| description | Objective: To assess nutrient intakes relevant in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among young adults in Finland and to find past and present determinants of quality of diet. Design: Prospective study, 21 years of follow-up. Setting: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Finland. Subjects: At baseline in 1980: 3569 children aged 3-18 y participated (83% of those invited), and every second of them (1780) were selected to the dietary study. At follow-ups in 1986 and 2001: 1200 and 1037 of the original sample, respectively, participated. Methods: Food consumption was assessed using 48-h dietary recall. Intakes in 2001 were compared with those obtained in 1980 and 1986. Nutrients selected for further examination were those implicated in the risk of CVD: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, fibre and salt. An index describing the quality of adulthood diet was constructed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent childhood and adulthood determinants of the quality index. Results: The average intakes showed substantial changes since 1980. Intakes of fat and saturated fat had decreased, while the consumption of vegetables and fruit had increased. However, a great disparity was present between the recommended levels and actual intakes for many of the nutrients, particularly salt, saturated fat and fibre. Intake of fat and consumption of vegetables in childhood and physical activity in adulthood were important health behavioural determinants of the cardiovascular quality of the adult diet. Socio-demographic factors, including education of the subject and their parents, had no significant associations with diet. Conclusions: While intakes of energy and nutrients have changed favourably in Finnish young adults between 1980 and 2001 with regard to the risk of CVD, they are still far from recommended levels. Childhood diet is a significant determinant of adult diet even after 21 y. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601929 |
| format | Article |
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Design: Prospective study, 21 years of follow-up. Setting: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Finland. Subjects: At baseline in 1980: 3569 children aged 3-18 y participated (83% of those invited), and every second of them (1780) were selected to the dietary study. At follow-ups in 1986 and 2001: 1200 and 1037 of the original sample, respectively, participated. Methods: Food consumption was assessed using 48-h dietary recall. Intakes in 2001 were compared with those obtained in 1980 and 1986. Nutrients selected for further examination were those implicated in the risk of CVD: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, fibre and salt. An index describing the quality of adulthood diet was constructed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent childhood and adulthood determinants of the quality index. Results: The average intakes showed substantial changes since 1980. Intakes of fat and saturated fat had decreased, while the consumption of vegetables and fruit had increased. However, a great disparity was present between the recommended levels and actual intakes for many of the nutrients, particularly salt, saturated fat and fibre. Intake of fat and consumption of vegetables in childhood and physical activity in adulthood were important health behavioural determinants of the cardiovascular quality of the adult diet. Socio-demographic factors, including education of the subject and their parents, had no significant associations with diet. Conclusions: While intakes of energy and nutrients have changed favourably in Finnish young adults between 1980 and 2001 with regard to the risk of CVD, they are still far from recommended levels. Childhood diet is a significant determinant of adult diet even after 21 y.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-3007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5640</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601929</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15220946</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adolescent ; Adult ; Adults ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Childhood ; Children ; Clinical Nutrition ; Coronary heart disease ; Diet ; Diet - adverse effects ; Diet - trends ; Diet Surveys ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage ; Epidemiology ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Finland ; Food consumption ; Food intake ; Fruit ; Health risks ; Heart ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mental Recall ; Metabolic Diseases ; Nutrients ; original-communication ; Physical activity ; Prospective Studies ; Public Health ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Vegetables ; Young adults]]></subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004-07, Vol.58 (7), p.1038-1045</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2004</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2004 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Nature Publishing Group 2004.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-1fa0e0dec8c270a16b7d69c5f79daa4555296be06768bc1f0eeb6473e32ead333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-1fa0e0dec8c270a16b7d69c5f79daa4555296be06768bc1f0eeb6473e32ead333</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2727,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15936733$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15220946$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mikkila, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasanen, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raitakari, O.T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pietinen, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viikari, J</creatorcontrib><title>Longitudinal changes in diet from childhood into adulthood with respect to risk of cardiovascular diseases: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study</title><title>European journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Objective: To assess nutrient intakes relevant in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among young adults in Finland and to find past and present determinants of quality of diet. Design: Prospective study, 21 years of follow-up. Setting: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Finland. Subjects: At baseline in 1980: 3569 children aged 3-18 y participated (83% of those invited), and every second of them (1780) were selected to the dietary study. At follow-ups in 1986 and 2001: 1200 and 1037 of the original sample, respectively, participated. Methods: Food consumption was assessed using 48-h dietary recall. Intakes in 2001 were compared with those obtained in 1980 and 1986. Nutrients selected for further examination were those implicated in the risk of CVD: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, fibre and salt. An index describing the quality of adulthood diet was constructed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent childhood and adulthood determinants of the quality index. Results: The average intakes showed substantial changes since 1980. Intakes of fat and saturated fat had decreased, while the consumption of vegetables and fruit had increased. However, a great disparity was present between the recommended levels and actual intakes for many of the nutrients, particularly salt, saturated fat and fibre. Intake of fat and consumption of vegetables in childhood and physical activity in adulthood were important health behavioural determinants of the cardiovascular quality of the adult diet. Socio-demographic factors, including education of the subject and their parents, had no significant associations with diet. Conclusions: While intakes of energy and nutrients have changed favourably in Finnish young adults between 1980 and 2001 with regard to the risk of CVD, they are still far from recommended levels. Childhood diet is a significant determinant of adult diet even after 21 y.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Clinical Nutrition</subject><subject>Coronary heart disease</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet - adverse effects</subject><subject>Diet - trends</subject><subject>Diet Surveys</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Finland</subject><subject>Food consumption</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Fruit</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mental Recall</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>original-communication</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0954-3007</issn><issn>1476-5640</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9klFv0zAUhSMEYmXwzBNgCTGe2tlxbCe8TRUDpEpIjD3wZLn2TeqS2p3tgPZP-Lm4S0U3NEikWLnnO9fJ9SmK5wTPCKb1aVzPYK3djHBMmrJ5UExIJfiU8Qo_LCa4YdWUYiyOiicxrjHOoigfF0eElSVuKj4pfi2862wajHWqR3qlXAcRWYeMhYTa4De5aHuz8t7kcvJImaFPN68_bVqhAHELOqGsBBu_I98irYKx_oeKeuhVyJ0iqAjxHUorQPO74pedJ2_3zQ-uQ-fWuYgu8udcPy0etaqP8Gy_HheX5--_zj9OF58_fJqfLaaakyZNSaswYAO61qXAivClMLzRrBWNUapijJUNXwLmgtdLTVoMsOSVoEBLUIZSely8Hftug78aICa5sVFD3ysHfohSsKpueEVZJk_-S_J8kbKsM_j6L3Dth5DnG2XJq1JQVgucqelIdaoHaV3rU1C6AwdB9d5Ba3P5jDRMMFJTkvnZPXy-DWysvtdwcsuwApWPLfp-SNa7eBc8HUEdfIwBWrkNdqPCtSRY7mIm41ruYib3McuOl_s_HJYbMAd-n6sMvNkD-aBV3wbltI23uIZycTN9PHIxSzl64TCqf-_9YrQ4lYYAh55_9Fej3iovVZdDKS8vSkwoJrtHzehvJG7_og</recordid><startdate>20040701</startdate><enddate>20040701</enddate><creator>Mikkila, V</creator><creator>Rasanen, L</creator><creator>Raitakari, O.T</creator><creator>Pietinen, P</creator><creator>Viikari, J</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040701</creationdate><title>Longitudinal changes in diet from childhood into adulthood with respect to risk of cardiovascular diseases: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study</title><author>Mikkila, V ; Rasanen, L ; Raitakari, O.T ; Pietinen, P ; Viikari, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c619t-1fa0e0dec8c270a16b7d69c5f79daa4555296be06768bc1f0eeb6473e32ead333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Childhood</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Clinical Nutrition</topic><topic>Coronary heart disease</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet - adverse effects</topic><topic>Diet - trends</topic><topic>Diet Surveys</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Finland</topic><topic>Food consumption</topic><topic>Food intake</topic><topic>Fruit</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Mental Recall</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>original-communication</topic><topic>Physical activity</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mikkila, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasanen, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raitakari, O.T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pietinen, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viikari, J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mikkila, V</au><au>Rasanen, L</au><au>Raitakari, O.T</au><au>Pietinen, P</au><au>Viikari, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Longitudinal changes in diet from childhood into adulthood with respect to risk of cardiovascular diseases: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2004-07-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1038</spage><epage>1045</epage><pages>1038-1045</pages><issn>0954-3007</issn><eissn>1476-5640</eissn><abstract>Objective: To assess nutrient intakes relevant in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among young adults in Finland and to find past and present determinants of quality of diet. Design: Prospective study, 21 years of follow-up. Setting: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, Finland. Subjects: At baseline in 1980: 3569 children aged 3-18 y participated (83% of those invited), and every second of them (1780) were selected to the dietary study. At follow-ups in 1986 and 2001: 1200 and 1037 of the original sample, respectively, participated. Methods: Food consumption was assessed using 48-h dietary recall. Intakes in 2001 were compared with those obtained in 1980 and 1986. Nutrients selected for further examination were those implicated in the risk of CVD: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, fibre and salt. An index describing the quality of adulthood diet was constructed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent childhood and adulthood determinants of the quality index. Results: The average intakes showed substantial changes since 1980. Intakes of fat and saturated fat had decreased, while the consumption of vegetables and fruit had increased. However, a great disparity was present between the recommended levels and actual intakes for many of the nutrients, particularly salt, saturated fat and fibre. Intake of fat and consumption of vegetables in childhood and physical activity in adulthood were important health behavioural determinants of the cardiovascular quality of the adult diet. Socio-demographic factors, including education of the subject and their parents, had no significant associations with diet. Conclusions: While intakes of energy and nutrients have changed favourably in Finnish young adults between 1980 and 2001 with regard to the risk of CVD, they are still far from recommended levels. Childhood diet is a significant determinant of adult diet even after 21 y.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>15220946</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601929</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Nature; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adults Biological and medical sciences Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Clinical Nutrition Coronary heart disease Diet Diet - adverse effects Diet - trends Diet Surveys Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage Epidemiology Fatty acids Female Finland Food consumption Food intake Fruit Health risks Heart Humans Internal Medicine Longitudinal Studies Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mental Recall Metabolic Diseases Nutrients original-communication Physical activity Prospective Studies Public Health Risk Risk Assessment Risk Factors Social Class Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage Vegetables Young adults |
| title | Longitudinal changes in diet from childhood into adulthood with respect to risk of cardiovascular diseases: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study |
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