Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples from public schools
The number of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts that can be found in random environmental samples is probably low; in addition, these cysts may be confused with Hammondia spp. and Neospora spp. oocysts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil of public eleme...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary parasitology 2010-07, Vol.171 (1), p.53-57 |
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| creator | Santos, Thaís Rabelo dos Nunes, Cáris Maroni Luvizotto, Maria Cecília Rui Moura, Anderson Barbosa de Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti Costa, Alvimar José da Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva |
| description | The number of
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts that can be found in random environmental samples is probably low; in addition, these cysts may be confused with
Hammondia spp. and
Neospora spp. oocysts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the presence of
T. gondii oocysts in the soil of public elementary schools in the northwest area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil using mouse bioassays. A comparison was made between the different available bioassay techniques, such as squash, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).
T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice (squash brain samples) from 22.58% (7/31) of the school playgrounds. Immunohistochemistry and IFAT showed positive results in 32.26% (10/31) and 25.80% (8/31) of samples, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry method were 85.71% and 83.33%, respectively. The IFAT results showed 100% sensitivity and 95.83% specificity. The presence of
T. gondii was not detected in histopathological examinations. The results of the present study strongly suggest that
T. gondii oocysts are widely distributed in elementary public schools in the region that was evaluated, likely constituting the main contamination source for these children. Educational programs directed at reducing environmental contamination with
T. gondii would eventually lower the cost of treating humans for clinical toxoplasmosis. It is also possible to conclude that the use of IFAT in mouse bioassays can be recommended without the need for brain cysts research, which is extremely difficult and laborious. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.045 |
| format | Article |
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Toxoplasma gondii oocysts that can be found in random environmental samples is probably low; in addition, these cysts may be confused with
Hammondia spp. and
Neospora spp. oocysts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the presence of
T. gondii oocysts in the soil of public elementary schools in the northwest area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil using mouse bioassays. A comparison was made between the different available bioassay techniques, such as squash, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).
T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice (squash brain samples) from 22.58% (7/31) of the school playgrounds. Immunohistochemistry and IFAT showed positive results in 32.26% (10/31) and 25.80% (8/31) of samples, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry method were 85.71% and 83.33%, respectively. The IFAT results showed 100% sensitivity and 95.83% specificity. The presence of
T. gondii was not detected in histopathological examinations. The results of the present study strongly suggest that
T. gondii oocysts are widely distributed in elementary public schools in the region that was evaluated, likely constituting the main contamination source for these children. Educational programs directed at reducing environmental contamination with
T. gondii would eventually lower the cost of treating humans for clinical toxoplasmosis. It is also possible to conclude that the use of IFAT in mouse bioassays can be recommended without the need for brain cysts research, which is extremely difficult and laborious.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-4017</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.045</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20347524</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>animal models ; Animals ; Bioassay in mice ; bioassays ; Biological Assay ; Brazil - epidemiology ; disease detection ; elementary schools ; fluorescent antibody technique ; histopathology ; IFAT ; Immunohistochemistry ; indirect fluorescent antibody test ; Mice ; Neospora ; Oocysts ; Oocysts - parasitology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; public schools ; Schools ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Soil - parasitology ; soil analysis ; Toxoplasma - isolation & purification ; Toxoplasma gondii ; toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis ; Toxoplasmosis - parasitology ; zoonoses</subject><ispartof>Veterinary parasitology, 2010-07, Vol.171 (1), p.53-57</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-c7d79fa9c399a3c2c7b99b3f484d0348ef944d560119b64954b1fa1d508b5b783</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-c7d79fa9c399a3c2c7b99b3f484d0348ef944d560119b64954b1fa1d508b5b783</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030440171000138X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347524$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Santos, Thaís Rabelo dos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nunes, Cáris Maroni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luvizotto, Maria Cecília Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moura, Anderson Barbosa de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Alvimar José da</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva</creatorcontrib><title>Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples from public schools</title><title>Veterinary parasitology</title><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><description>The number of
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts that can be found in random environmental samples is probably low; in addition, these cysts may be confused with
Hammondia spp. and
Neospora spp. oocysts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the presence of
T. gondii oocysts in the soil of public elementary schools in the northwest area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil using mouse bioassays. A comparison was made between the different available bioassay techniques, such as squash, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).
T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice (squash brain samples) from 22.58% (7/31) of the school playgrounds. Immunohistochemistry and IFAT showed positive results in 32.26% (10/31) and 25.80% (8/31) of samples, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry method were 85.71% and 83.33%, respectively. The IFAT results showed 100% sensitivity and 95.83% specificity. The presence of
T. gondii was not detected in histopathological examinations. The results of the present study strongly suggest that
T. gondii oocysts are widely distributed in elementary public schools in the region that was evaluated, likely constituting the main contamination source for these children. Educational programs directed at reducing environmental contamination with
T. gondii would eventually lower the cost of treating humans for clinical toxoplasmosis. It is also possible to conclude that the use of IFAT in mouse bioassays can be recommended without the need for brain cysts research, which is extremely difficult and laborious.</description><subject>animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bioassay in mice</subject><subject>bioassays</subject><subject>Biological Assay</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>disease detection</subject><subject>elementary schools</subject><subject>fluorescent antibody technique</subject><subject>histopathology</subject><subject>IFAT</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>indirect fluorescent antibody test</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Neospora</subject><subject>Oocysts</subject><subject>Oocysts - parasitology</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>public schools</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Soil - parasitology</subject><subject>soil analysis</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Toxoplasma gondii</subject><subject>toxoplasmosis</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - parasitology</subject><subject>zoonoses</subject><issn>0304-4017</issn><issn>1873-2550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi1ERZe2_wCBb5yyjL_W8QUJtXxJlXpoe7YcZ1y8SuJgZ1f03-MqhSOcRho9887oGULeMNgyYLsP--0Rl9nlLYfaAr4FqV6QDWu1aLhS8JJsQIBsJDB9Sl6XsgcACTv9ipxyEFIrLjfk9goX9EtME02B3qVfaR5cGR19SFMfI03JP5al0DhRnI4xp2nEaXEDLW6cByw05DTS-dAN0dPif6Q0lHNyEtxQ8OK5npH7L5_vLr811zdfv19-um68ZHppvO61Cc54YYwTnnvdGdOJIFvZ1_taDEbKXu2AMdPtpFGyY8GxXkHbqU634oy8X3PnnH4esCx2jMXjMLgJ06FYrWSrgYP8PylENQOMV1KupM-plIzBzjmOLj9aBvbJu93b1bt98m6B2-q9jr19XnDoRuz_Dv0RXYF3KxBcsu4hx2Lvb2uCANaqyphKfFwJrMqOEbMtPuLksY-5fsj2Kf77ht87Vp9B</recordid><startdate>20100715</startdate><enddate>20100715</enddate><creator>Santos, Thaís Rabelo dos</creator><creator>Nunes, Cáris Maroni</creator><creator>Luvizotto, Maria Cecília Rui</creator><creator>Moura, Anderson Barbosa de</creator><creator>Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti</creator><creator>Costa, Alvimar José da</creator><creator>Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Amsterdam; 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Toxoplasma gondii oocysts that can be found in random environmental samples is probably low; in addition, these cysts may be confused with
Hammondia spp. and
Neospora spp. oocysts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the presence of
T. gondii oocysts in the soil of public elementary schools in the northwest area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil using mouse bioassays. A comparison was made between the different available bioassay techniques, such as squash, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).
T. gondii was isolated by bioassay in mice (squash brain samples) from 22.58% (7/31) of the school playgrounds. Immunohistochemistry and IFAT showed positive results in 32.26% (10/31) and 25.80% (8/31) of samples, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry method were 85.71% and 83.33%, respectively. The IFAT results showed 100% sensitivity and 95.83% specificity. The presence of
T. gondii was not detected in histopathological examinations. The results of the present study strongly suggest that
T. gondii oocysts are widely distributed in elementary public schools in the region that was evaluated, likely constituting the main contamination source for these children. Educational programs directed at reducing environmental contamination with
T. gondii would eventually lower the cost of treating humans for clinical toxoplasmosis. It is also possible to conclude that the use of IFAT in mouse bioassays can be recommended without the need for brain cysts research, which is extremely difficult and laborious.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>20347524</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02.045</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | animal models Animals Bioassay in mice bioassays Biological Assay Brazil - epidemiology disease detection elementary schools fluorescent antibody technique histopathology IFAT Immunohistochemistry indirect fluorescent antibody test Mice Neospora Oocysts Oocysts - parasitology Predictive Value of Tests public schools Schools Sensitivity and Specificity Soil - parasitology soil analysis Toxoplasma - isolation & purification Toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis Toxoplasmosis - parasitology zoonoses |
| title | Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples from public schools |
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