Verification of external exposure assessment for the upper Techa riverside by luminescence measurements and Monte Carlo photon transport modeling

An area located in the Southern Urals was contaminated in 1949-1956 as a result of radioactive waste releases into the Techa river by the Mayak Production Association. The external dose reconstruction of the Techa river dosimetry system (TRDS-2000) for the exposed population is based on an assessment of dose rates in air (DRA) obtained by modeling transport and deposition of radionuclides along the river for the time before 1952 and by gamma dose rate measurements since 1952. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a verification of the TRDS-2000 external dose assessment. Absorbed doses in bricks from a 130-year-old building in the heavily exposed Metlino settlement were measured by a luminescence technique. By the autumn of 1956 the population of Metlino had been evacuated, and then a water reservoir was created at the village location, which led to a change in the radioactive source geometry. Radiation transport calculations for assumed environmental sources before and since 1957 were performed with the MCNP Monte Carlo code. In combination with TRDS-2000 estimates for annual dose rates in air at the shore of the Techa river for the period 1949-1956 and contemporary dose rate in air measurements, absorbed doses in bricks were calculated. These calculations were performed deterministically with best estimates of the modeling parameters and stochastically by propagating uncertainty distributions through the calculation scheme. Assessed doses in bricks were found to be consistent with measured values within the uncertainty bounds, while their best estimates were approximately 15% lower than the luminescence measurements.