Immunogenicity and safety of different injection routes and schedules of IC41, a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide vaccine
Abstract Background An effective vaccine would be a significant progress in the management of chronic HCV infections. This study was designed to examine whether different application schedules and injection routes may enhance the immunogenicity of the HCV peptide vaccine IC41. Methods In this random...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Vaccine 2010-03, Vol.28 (12), p.2397-2407 |
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| creator | Firbas, Christa Boehm, Thomas Buerger, Vera Schuller, Elisabeth Sabarth, Nicolas Jilma, Bernd Klade, Christoph S |
| description | Abstract Background An effective vaccine would be a significant progress in the management of chronic HCV infections. This study was designed to examine whether different application schedules and injection routes may enhance the immunogenicity of the HCV peptide vaccine IC41. Methods In this randomized trial 54 healthy subjects received either subcutaneous (s.c.) or intradermal (i.d.) vaccinations weekly (16 injections) or every other week (8 injections). One group additionally received imiquimod, an activator of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. The T cell epitope-specific immune response to IC41 was assessed using [3 H]-thymidine CD4+ T cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) CD8+ and CD4+ ELIspot and HLA-A*0201 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) tetramer-binding assays. Results More than 60% of vaccinees responded in the CD4+ T cell proliferation assay in all groups. An HLA-A*0201 FACS tetramer-binding assay and IFN-γ CD8+ ELIspot class I response of more than 70% was induced in four and three groups, respectively. IC41 induced significant immunological responses in all groups with responder rates of up to 100%. Interestingly, topical imiquimod was not able to enhance immunogenicity but was associated with a lower immune response. Local injection site reactions were mostly transient. Intradermal injections caused more pronounced reactions compared to s.c., especially erythema and edema. Conclusion Compared to a previous study intensified dosing and/or i.d. injections enhanced the response rates to the vaccine IC41 in three assays measuring T cell function. Immunization with IC41 was generally safe in this study. These results justify testing IC41 in further clinical trials with HCV-infected individuals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.072 |
| format | Article |
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This study was designed to examine whether different application schedules and injection routes may enhance the immunogenicity of the HCV peptide vaccine IC41. Methods In this randomized trial 54 healthy subjects received either subcutaneous (s.c.) or intradermal (i.d.) vaccinations weekly (16 injections) or every other week (8 injections). One group additionally received imiquimod, an activator of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. The T cell epitope-specific immune response to IC41 was assessed using [3 H]-thymidine CD4+ T cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) CD8+ and CD4+ ELIspot and HLA-A*0201 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) tetramer-binding assays. Results More than 60% of vaccinees responded in the CD4+ T cell proliferation assay in all groups. An HLA-A*0201 FACS tetramer-binding assay and IFN-γ CD8+ ELIspot class I response of more than 70% was induced in four and three groups, respectively. IC41 induced significant immunological responses in all groups with responder rates of up to 100%. Interestingly, topical imiquimod was not able to enhance immunogenicity but was associated with a lower immune response. Local injection site reactions were mostly transient. Intradermal injections caused more pronounced reactions compared to s.c., especially erythema and edema. Conclusion Compared to a previous study intensified dosing and/or i.d. injections enhanced the response rates to the vaccine IC41 in three assays measuring T cell function. Immunization with IC41 was generally safe in this study. These results justify testing IC41 in further clinical trials with HCV-infected individuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.072</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20060945</identifier><identifier>CODEN: VACCDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage ; Adjuvants, Immunologic - adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergy and Immunology ; Aminoquinolines - administration & dosage ; Aminoquinolines - adverse effects ; Applied microbiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; CD4 antigen ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; Cell growth ; Cell Proliferation ; Chronic illnesses ; Edema ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Healthy subjects ; Hepacivirus - immunology ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis C vaccine ; Hepatitis C virus ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; IC41 ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunization ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunization, Secondary - methods ; Immunogenicity ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Injection ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferon-gamma - secretion ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Mortality ; Nutrition research ; Peptides ; Proteins ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects) ; Vaccines, Subunit - administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Subunit - adverse effects ; Vaccines, Subunit - immunology ; Viral diseases ; Viral hepatitis ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - administration & dosage ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - adverse effects ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - immunology ; Virology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Vaccine, 2010-03, Vol.28 (12), p.2397-2407</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Mar 11, 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c575t-faba047718c8511e69712baa8abc3ea932f11e4b9d8d2ab36c78487716842c0d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c575t-faba047718c8511e69712baa8abc3ea932f11e4b9d8d2ab36c78487716842c0d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10000083$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22520486$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20060945$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Firbas, Christa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boehm, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buerger, Vera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuller, Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabarth, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jilma, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klade, Christoph S</creatorcontrib><title>Immunogenicity and safety of different injection routes and schedules of IC41, a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide vaccine</title><title>Vaccine</title><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><description>Abstract Background An effective vaccine would be a significant progress in the management of chronic HCV infections. This study was designed to examine whether different application schedules and injection routes may enhance the immunogenicity of the HCV peptide vaccine IC41. Methods In this randomized trial 54 healthy subjects received either subcutaneous (s.c.) or intradermal (i.d.) vaccinations weekly (16 injections) or every other week (8 injections). One group additionally received imiquimod, an activator of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. The T cell epitope-specific immune response to IC41 was assessed using [3 H]-thymidine CD4+ T cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) CD8+ and CD4+ ELIspot and HLA-A*0201 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) tetramer-binding assays. Results More than 60% of vaccinees responded in the CD4+ T cell proliferation assay in all groups. An HLA-A*0201 FACS tetramer-binding assay and IFN-γ CD8+ ELIspot class I response of more than 70% was induced in four and three groups, respectively. IC41 induced significant immunological responses in all groups with responder rates of up to 100%. Interestingly, topical imiquimod was not able to enhance immunogenicity but was associated with a lower immune response. Local injection site reactions were mostly transient. Intradermal injections caused more pronounced reactions compared to s.c., especially erythema and edema. Conclusion Compared to a previous study intensified dosing and/or i.d. injections enhanced the response rates to the vaccine IC41 in three assays measuring T cell function. Immunization with IC41 was generally safe in this study. These results justify testing IC41 in further clinical trials with HCV-infected individuals.</description><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic - adverse effects</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Aminoquinolines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Aminoquinolines - adverse effects</subject><subject>Applied microbiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Edema</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Healthy subjects</subject><subject>Hepacivirus - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis C vaccine</subject><subject>Hepatitis C virus</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>IC41</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Immunization Schedule</subject><subject>Immunization, Secondary - methods</subject><subject>Immunogenicity</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Injections, Intradermal</subject><subject>Injections, Subcutaneous</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - secretion</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)</subject><subject>Vaccines, Subunit - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Vaccines, Subunit - adverse effects</subject><subject>Vaccines, Subunit - immunology</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral hepatitis</subject><subject>Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - adverse effects</subject><subject>Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl2r1DAQhosonvXoT1ACIiq4ayYfbXqjyKLuwgEv_MC7kKZTTW3TmrSL--9N2dUD5-bkJpnwvMPMvJNlj4FugEL-ut0cjLXO44ZRWm6AbWjB7mQrUAVfMwnqbraiLBdrAfT7RfYgxpZSKjmU97OLJMlpKeQq-7Pv-9kPP9A766YjMb4m0TSYnkNDatc0GNBPxPkW7eQGT8IwTxhPoP2J9dylKLH7rYBXxJAdjmZyk4tkSw4uzJG82G2_vSQjjpOrkZzLfpjda0wX8dH5vsy-fnj_ZbtbX336uN--u1pbWchp3ZjKUFEUoKySAJiXBbDKGGUqy9GUnDXpV1RlrWpmKp7bQgmV-FwJZmnNL7Pnp7xjGH7PGCfdu2ix64zHYY66kELmXCi4neRccgVQJPLpDbId5uBTGxpEqYBBkeeJkifKhiHGgI0eg-tNOGqgevFQt_o8DL14qIHp5GHSPTlnn6se6_-qf6Yl4NkZMNGargnGWxevOSYZFWop4O2JwzTfg8Ogo3XoLdYuJDN1PbhbS3lzI4PtXNoU0_3CI8brrnVMAv15Wbhl34AuR3H-F88F0AM</recordid><startdate>20100311</startdate><enddate>20100311</enddate><creator>Firbas, Christa</creator><creator>Boehm, Thomas</creator><creator>Buerger, Vera</creator><creator>Schuller, Elisabeth</creator><creator>Sabarth, Nicolas</creator><creator>Jilma, Bernd</creator><creator>Klade, Christoph S</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100311</creationdate><title>Immunogenicity and safety of different injection routes and schedules of IC41, a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide vaccine</title><author>Firbas, Christa ; Boehm, Thomas ; Buerger, Vera ; Schuller, Elisabeth ; Sabarth, Nicolas ; Jilma, Bernd ; Klade, Christoph S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c575t-faba047718c8511e69712baa8abc3ea932f11e4b9d8d2ab36c78487716842c0d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Adjuvants, Immunologic - adverse effects</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Aminoquinolines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Aminoquinolines - adverse effects</topic><topic>Applied microbiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Edema</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Healthy subjects</topic><topic>Hepacivirus - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis C vaccine</topic><topic>Hepatitis C virus</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>IC41</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Immunization Schedule</topic><topic>Immunization, Secondary - methods</topic><topic>Immunogenicity</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Injections, Intradermal</topic><topic>Injections, Subcutaneous</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - secretion</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)</topic><topic>Vaccines, Subunit - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Vaccines, Subunit - adverse effects</topic><topic>Vaccines, Subunit - immunology</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral hepatitis</topic><topic>Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - adverse effects</topic><topic>Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - immunology</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Firbas, Christa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boehm, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buerger, Vera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuller, Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabarth, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jilma, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klade, Christoph S</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Firbas, Christa</au><au>Boehm, Thomas</au><au>Buerger, Vera</au><au>Schuller, Elisabeth</au><au>Sabarth, Nicolas</au><au>Jilma, Bernd</au><au>Klade, Christoph S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Immunogenicity and safety of different injection routes and schedules of IC41, a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide vaccine</atitle><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><date>2010-03-11</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2397</spage><epage>2407</epage><pages>2397-2407</pages><issn>0264-410X</issn><eissn>1873-2518</eissn><coden>VACCDE</coden><abstract>Abstract Background An effective vaccine would be a significant progress in the management of chronic HCV infections. This study was designed to examine whether different application schedules and injection routes may enhance the immunogenicity of the HCV peptide vaccine IC41. Methods In this randomized trial 54 healthy subjects received either subcutaneous (s.c.) or intradermal (i.d.) vaccinations weekly (16 injections) or every other week (8 injections). One group additionally received imiquimod, an activator of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. The T cell epitope-specific immune response to IC41 was assessed using [3 H]-thymidine CD4+ T cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) CD8+ and CD4+ ELIspot and HLA-A*0201 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) tetramer-binding assays. Results More than 60% of vaccinees responded in the CD4+ T cell proliferation assay in all groups. An HLA-A*0201 FACS tetramer-binding assay and IFN-γ CD8+ ELIspot class I response of more than 70% was induced in four and three groups, respectively. IC41 induced significant immunological responses in all groups with responder rates of up to 100%. Interestingly, topical imiquimod was not able to enhance immunogenicity but was associated with a lower immune response. Local injection site reactions were mostly transient. Intradermal injections caused more pronounced reactions compared to s.c., especially erythema and edema. Conclusion Compared to a previous study intensified dosing and/or i.d. injections enhanced the response rates to the vaccine IC41 in three assays measuring T cell function. Immunization with IC41 was generally safe in this study. These results justify testing IC41 in further clinical trials with HCV-infected individuals.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20060945</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.072</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0264-410X |
| ispartof | Vaccine, 2010-03, Vol.28 (12), p.2397-2407 |
| issn | 0264-410X 1873-2518 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage Adjuvants, Immunologic - adverse effects Adolescent Adult Allergy and Immunology Aminoquinolines - administration & dosage Aminoquinolines - adverse effects Applied microbiology Biological and medical sciences CD4 antigen CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Cell growth Cell Proliferation Chronic illnesses Edema Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Healthy subjects Hepacivirus - immunology Hepatitis Hepatitis C vaccine Hepatitis C virus Human viral diseases Humans IC41 Immune response Immune system Immunization Immunization Schedule Immunization, Secondary - methods Immunogenicity Infections Infectious diseases Injection Injections, Intradermal Injections, Subcutaneous Interferon-gamma - secretion Lymphocytes Male Medical sciences Microbiology Middle Aged Miscellaneous Mortality Nutrition research Peptides Proteins Vaccines Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects) Vaccines, Subunit - administration & dosage Vaccines, Subunit - adverse effects Vaccines, Subunit - immunology Viral diseases Viral hepatitis Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - administration & dosage Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - adverse effects Viral Hepatitis Vaccines - immunology Virology Young Adult |
| title | Immunogenicity and safety of different injection routes and schedules of IC41, a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) peptide vaccine |
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