Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped/obsessional behaviours and social and communicative deficits. However, there is significant variability in the clinical phenotype; for example, people with autism exhibit language delay whereas those with Asperger syndrome do not. It r...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological medicine 2010-07, Vol.40 (7), p.1171-1181 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1181 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 7 |
| container_start_page | 1171 |
| container_title | Psychological medicine |
| container_volume | 40 |
| creator | Toal, F. Daly, E. M. Page, L. Deeley, Q. Hallahan, B. Bloemen, O. Cutter, W. J. Brammer, M. J. Curran, S. Robertson, D. Murphy, C. Murphy, K. C. Murphy, D. G. M. |
| description | Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped/obsessional behaviours and social and communicative deficits. However, there is significant variability in the clinical phenotype; for example, people with autism exhibit language delay whereas those with Asperger syndrome do not. It remains unclear whether localized differences in brain anatomy are associated with variation in the clinical phenotype.
We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate brain anatomy in adults with ASD. We included 65 adults diagnosed with ASD (39 with Asperger syndrome and 26 with autism) and 33 controls who did not differ significantly in age or gender.
VBM revealed that subjects with ASD had a significant reduction in grey-matter volume of medial temporal, fusiform and cerebellar regions, and in white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar regions. Furthermore, within the subjects with ASD, brain anatomy varied with clinical phenotype. Those with autism demonstrated an increase in grey matter in frontal and temporal lobe regions that was not present in those with Asperger syndrome.
Adults with ASD have significant differences from controls in the anatomy of brain regions implicated in behaviours characterizing the disorder, and this differs according to clinical subtype. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0033291709991541 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_754140306</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><cupid>10_1017_S0033291709991541</cupid><sourcerecordid>746155948</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-9c6dd600a37bbb45f4b69dcda3a8a3444dd6e72e3efdaa9f462570a244abe153</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModq3-AG9kEKRXo8nk2ztZbK1UxFpE9CKcSTI1dT7WJAPuvzfbHVpQpBchnLzPObwnL0JPCX5JMJGvPmNMaaOJxFprwhm5h1aECV0rLdV9tNrJ9U4_QI9SusKYUMKah-iAaKWJwnyFvq_7MAYLfQWjKwfyNFyXP3z2cbr0ow95W4WxgjmHlIOt0sbbHOehciFN0fn4uoIqlReb51g6P5yflnJ228foQQd98k-W-xBdHL-9WL-rzz6enK7fnNVWEJlrbYVzAmOgsm1bxjvWCu2sAwoKKGOsqF42nvrOAeiOiYZLDA1j0HrC6SE62o_dxOnX7FM2Q0jW9z2MfpqTkeVjGKZY3E0yQTjXTN1NUkqKDcEK-fwv8mqa41j2NVRwJhVVskBkD9k4pRR9ZzYxDBC3hmCzi9L8E2XpebYMntvBu9uOJbsCvFgASCWxLsJoQ7rhmkZprK-3rvdcic__vtEh_jRCUsmNOPlkvryXjWbfvprzwtPFLAxtDO7S3670f7t_ACezxDo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>365478387</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Cambridge Journals - Connect here FIRST to enable access</source><creator>Toal, F. ; Daly, E. M. ; Page, L. ; Deeley, Q. ; Hallahan, B. ; Bloemen, O. ; Cutter, W. J. ; Brammer, M. J. ; Curran, S. ; Robertson, D. ; Murphy, C. ; Murphy, K. C. ; Murphy, D. G. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Toal, F. ; Daly, E. M. ; Page, L. ; Deeley, Q. ; Hallahan, B. ; Bloemen, O. ; Cutter, W. J. ; Brammer, M. J. ; Curran, S. ; Robertson, D. ; Murphy, C. ; Murphy, K. C. ; Murphy, D. G. M.</creatorcontrib><description>Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped/obsessional behaviours and social and communicative deficits. However, there is significant variability in the clinical phenotype; for example, people with autism exhibit language delay whereas those with Asperger syndrome do not. It remains unclear whether localized differences in brain anatomy are associated with variation in the clinical phenotype.
We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate brain anatomy in adults with ASD. We included 65 adults diagnosed with ASD (39 with Asperger syndrome and 26 with autism) and 33 controls who did not differ significantly in age or gender.
VBM revealed that subjects with ASD had a significant reduction in grey-matter volume of medial temporal, fusiform and cerebellar regions, and in white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar regions. Furthermore, within the subjects with ASD, brain anatomy varied with clinical phenotype. Those with autism demonstrated an increase in grey matter in frontal and temporal lobe regions that was not present in those with Asperger syndrome.
Adults with ASD have significant differences from controls in the anatomy of brain regions implicated in behaviours characterizing the disorder, and this differs according to clinical subtype.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0033291709991541</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19891805</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSMDCO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Anatomy ; Asperger syndrome ; Asperger Syndrome - epidemiology ; Asperger's syndrome ; Autism ; Autistic Disorder - epidemiology ; Autistic Disorder - psychology ; Autistic spectrum disorders ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain ; Brain - anatomy & histology ; brain anatomy ; clinical phenotype ; Cognition Disorders - diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders - epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype & phenotype ; Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders - diagnosis ; Language Development Disorders - epidemiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; neuroimaging ; Neurology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - epidemiology ; Phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stereotypic Movement Disorder - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2010-07, Vol.40 (7), p.1171-1181</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-9c6dd600a37bbb45f4b69dcda3a8a3444dd6e72e3efdaa9f462570a244abe153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-9c6dd600a37bbb45f4b69dcda3a8a3444dd6e72e3efdaa9f462570a244abe153</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033291709991541/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,12825,27901,27902,30976,30977,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22890906$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19891805$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Toal, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daly, E. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Page, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deeley, Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallahan, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bloemen, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cutter, W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brammer, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curran, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, K. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, D. G. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><description>Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped/obsessional behaviours and social and communicative deficits. However, there is significant variability in the clinical phenotype; for example, people with autism exhibit language delay whereas those with Asperger syndrome do not. It remains unclear whether localized differences in brain anatomy are associated with variation in the clinical phenotype.
We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate brain anatomy in adults with ASD. We included 65 adults diagnosed with ASD (39 with Asperger syndrome and 26 with autism) and 33 controls who did not differ significantly in age or gender.
VBM revealed that subjects with ASD had a significant reduction in grey-matter volume of medial temporal, fusiform and cerebellar regions, and in white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar regions. Furthermore, within the subjects with ASD, brain anatomy varied with clinical phenotype. Those with autism demonstrated an increase in grey matter in frontal and temporal lobe regions that was not present in those with Asperger syndrome.
Adults with ASD have significant differences from controls in the anatomy of brain regions implicated in behaviours characterizing the disorder, and this differs according to clinical subtype.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Asperger syndrome</subject><subject>Asperger Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Asperger's syndrome</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Autistic spectrum disorders</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>brain anatomy</subject><subject>clinical phenotype</subject><subject>Cognition Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cognition Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Language Development Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Language Development Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>neuroimaging</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Stereotypic Movement Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0033-2917</issn><issn>1469-8978</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModq3-AG9kEKRXo8nk2ztZbK1UxFpE9CKcSTI1dT7WJAPuvzfbHVpQpBchnLzPObwnL0JPCX5JMJGvPmNMaaOJxFprwhm5h1aECV0rLdV9tNrJ9U4_QI9SusKYUMKah-iAaKWJwnyFvq_7MAYLfQWjKwfyNFyXP3z2cbr0ow95W4WxgjmHlIOt0sbbHOehciFN0fn4uoIqlReb51g6P5yflnJ228foQQd98k-W-xBdHL-9WL-rzz6enK7fnNVWEJlrbYVzAmOgsm1bxjvWCu2sAwoKKGOsqF42nvrOAeiOiYZLDA1j0HrC6SE62o_dxOnX7FM2Q0jW9z2MfpqTkeVjGKZY3E0yQTjXTN1NUkqKDcEK-fwv8mqa41j2NVRwJhVVskBkD9k4pRR9ZzYxDBC3hmCzi9L8E2XpebYMntvBu9uOJbsCvFgASCWxLsJoQ7rhmkZprK-3rvdcic__vtEh_jRCUsmNOPlkvryXjWbfvprzwtPFLAxtDO7S3670f7t_ACezxDo</recordid><startdate>20100701</startdate><enddate>20100701</enddate><creator>Toal, F.</creator><creator>Daly, E. M.</creator><creator>Page, L.</creator><creator>Deeley, Q.</creator><creator>Hallahan, B.</creator><creator>Bloemen, O.</creator><creator>Cutter, W. J.</creator><creator>Brammer, M. J.</creator><creator>Curran, S.</creator><creator>Robertson, D.</creator><creator>Murphy, C.</creator><creator>Murphy, K. C.</creator><creator>Murphy, D. G. M.</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100701</creationdate><title>Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study</title><author>Toal, F. ; Daly, E. M. ; Page, L. ; Deeley, Q. ; Hallahan, B. ; Bloemen, O. ; Cutter, W. J. ; Brammer, M. J. ; Curran, S. ; Robertson, D. ; Murphy, C. ; Murphy, K. C. ; Murphy, D. G. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-9c6dd600a37bbb45f4b69dcda3a8a3444dd6e72e3efdaa9f462570a244abe153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Asperger syndrome</topic><topic>Asperger Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Asperger's syndrome</topic><topic>Autism</topic><topic>Autistic Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Autistic Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Autistic spectrum disorders</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>brain anatomy</topic><topic>clinical phenotype</topic><topic>Cognition Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cognition Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genotype & phenotype</topic><topic>Heterogeneity</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Language Development Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Language Development Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>neuroimaging</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Stereotypic Movement Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Toal, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daly, E. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Page, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deeley, Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallahan, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bloemen, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cutter, W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brammer, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curran, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, K. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, D. G. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Medical collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Sociology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Sociology Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Toal, F.</au><au>Daly, E. M.</au><au>Page, L.</au><au>Deeley, Q.</au><au>Hallahan, B.</au><au>Bloemen, O.</au><au>Cutter, W. J.</au><au>Brammer, M. J.</au><au>Curran, S.</au><au>Robertson, D.</au><au>Murphy, C.</au><au>Murphy, K. C.</au><au>Murphy, D. G. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study</atitle><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><date>2010-07-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1171</spage><epage>1181</epage><pages>1171-1181</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><coden>PSMDCO</coden><abstract>Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped/obsessional behaviours and social and communicative deficits. However, there is significant variability in the clinical phenotype; for example, people with autism exhibit language delay whereas those with Asperger syndrome do not. It remains unclear whether localized differences in brain anatomy are associated with variation in the clinical phenotype.
We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate brain anatomy in adults with ASD. We included 65 adults diagnosed with ASD (39 with Asperger syndrome and 26 with autism) and 33 controls who did not differ significantly in age or gender.
VBM revealed that subjects with ASD had a significant reduction in grey-matter volume of medial temporal, fusiform and cerebellar regions, and in white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar regions. Furthermore, within the subjects with ASD, brain anatomy varied with clinical phenotype. Those with autism demonstrated an increase in grey matter in frontal and temporal lobe regions that was not present in those with Asperger syndrome.
Adults with ASD have significant differences from controls in the anatomy of brain regions implicated in behaviours characterizing the disorder, and this differs according to clinical subtype.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>19891805</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0033291709991541</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0033-2917 |
| ispartof | Psychological medicine, 2010-07, Vol.40 (7), p.1171-1181 |
| issn | 0033-2917 1469-8978 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_754140306 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Cambridge Journals - Connect here FIRST to enable access |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Anatomy Asperger syndrome Asperger Syndrome - epidemiology Asperger's syndrome Autism Autistic Disorder - epidemiology Autistic Disorder - psychology Autistic spectrum disorders Biological and medical sciences Brain Brain - anatomy & histology brain anatomy clinical phenotype Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - epidemiology Female Genotype & phenotype Heterogeneity Humans Language Development Disorders - diagnosis Language Development Disorders - epidemiology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous neuroimaging Neurology Neuropsychological Tests NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - epidemiology Phenotype Phenotypes Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Severity of Illness Index Stereotypic Movement Disorder - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-07T14%3A56%3A43IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clinical%20and%20anatomical%20heterogeneity%20in%20autistic%20spectrum%20disorder:%20a%20structural%20MRI%20study&rft.jtitle=Psychological%20medicine&rft.au=Toal,%20F.&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1171&rft.epage=1181&rft.pages=1171-1181&rft.issn=0033-2917&rft.eissn=1469-8978&rft.coden=PSMDCO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0033291709991541&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E746155948%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=365478387&rft_id=info:pmid/19891805&rft_cupid=10_1017_S0033291709991541&rfr_iscdi=true |