Evolutionary patterns of non-coding RNAs

A plethora of new functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered in past few years. In fact, RNA is emerging as the central player in cellular regulation, taking on active roles in multiple regulatory layers from transcription, RNA maturation, and RNA modification to translational regula...

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Veröffentlicht in:Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften 2005-04, Vol.123 (4), p.301-369
Hauptverfasser: Bompfünewerer, Athanasius F., Flamm, Christoph, Fried, Claudia, Fritzsch, Guido, Hofacker, Ivo L., Lehmann, Jörg, Missal, Kristin, Mosig, Axel, Müller, Bettina, Prohaska, Sonja J., Stadler, Bärbel M.R., Stadler, Peter F., Tanzer, Andrea, Washietl, Stefan, Witwer, Christina
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container_end_page 369
container_issue 4
container_start_page 301
container_title Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften
container_volume 123
creator Bompfünewerer, Athanasius F.
Flamm, Christoph
Fried, Claudia
Fritzsch, Guido
Hofacker, Ivo L.
Lehmann, Jörg
Missal, Kristin
Mosig, Axel
Müller, Bettina
Prohaska, Sonja J.
Stadler, Bärbel M.R.
Stadler, Peter F.
Tanzer, Andrea
Washietl, Stefan
Witwer, Christina
description A plethora of new functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered in past few years. In fact, RNA is emerging as the central player in cellular regulation, taking on active roles in multiple regulatory layers from transcription, RNA maturation, and RNA modification to translational regulation. Nevertheless, very little is known about the evolution of this “Modern RNA World” and its components. In this contribution, we attempt to provide at least a cursory overview of the diversity of ncRNAs and functional RNA motifs in non-translated regions of regular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with an emphasis on evolutionary questions. This survey is complemented by an in-depth analysis of examples from different classes of RNAs focusing mostly on their evolution in the vertebrate lineage. We present a survey of Y RNA genes in vertebrates and study the molecular evolution of the U7 snRNA, the snoRNAs E1/U17, E2, and E3, the Y RNA family, the let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family, and the mRNA-like evf-1 gene. We furthermore discuss the statistical distribution of miRNAs in metazoans, which suggests an explosive increase in the miRNA repertoire in vertebrates. The analysis of the transcription of ncRNAs suggests that small RNAs in general are genetically mobile in the sense that their association with a hostgene (e.g. when transcribed from introns of a mRNA) can change on evolutionary time scales. The let-7 family demonstrates, that even the mode of transcription (as intron or as exon) can change among paralogous ncRNA.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.thbio.2005.01.002
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subjects Biology
Evolution
Evolutionary genetics
gRNA
Introns
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Molecular evolution
mRNA
Non-coding RNA
RNA editing
RNA modification
rRNA
snoRNA
snRNA
Transcription
UTR
Vault RNA
Vertebrates
Y-RNA
title Evolutionary patterns of non-coding RNAs
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